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Endogenous retroviral elements and their functions in the human genome
Famfulíková, Mirka ; Pačes, Jan (advisor) ; Lichá, Irena (referee)
In addition to the coding sequences, the human genome contains a so noncoding DNA, among which we count transposable elements capable of transposition in the genome. The remnants of the past retrovirus infections - endogenous retroviruses (human endogenous retroviruses - HERVs) belong to the transposable elements, which contain the LTR sequences. Human endogenous retroviruses make up to 8% of the size of the human genome. The retroviruses are not only passive relicts, but they have gained some key functions - too. They increase the plasticity of the human genome and some HERV LTRs can serve as binding sites for transcription factors like. Env protein from the families HERV-W and HERV- FRD were coopted by the human genome and are nowadays expressed as proteins Syncitin-1 and Syncitin-2, which are necessary by the forming of human placenta. Unfortunately, the HERV elements can have a negative health impacts. In the last decades they are subject of a debate in connection with various diseases, such as multiple sclerosis, schizophrenia, HIV proliferation and some types of tumorigenesis. The role of HERVs in the human genome is not completely known yet and it is important to continue with their research. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Commented translation: Guide de manoeuvre (Éric Tabarly, Luçon: Éditions Le Télégramme, 2008)
Kofroňová, Zuzana ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
The thesis consists of two main parts- translation and its commentary. It is a translation of 3 chapters of a French yachtsmen guide Guide de manoeuvre (Wharf mooring or double moor to another boat, Anchoring and Man overboard maneuver). In my translation, I tried to preserve the major function of the original text - to inform and instruct the reader. The second part of the work is a commentary of the translation which is focused on translation analysis of the original text, typology of translation problems and the methods of the translation. In the translation analysis I describe the original text with the factors affecting the text. Then I focus on the translation problems I dealt with and how they were solved. In the conclusion, I describe the translations methods I used.
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Commented translation: L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. (Pageat, Patrick. Odile Jacob. Paris 1999, str. 135- 155).
Šenkeříková, Irena ; Belisová, Šárka (advisor) ; Šotolová, Jovanka (referee)
Thesis Abstract This final bachelor thesis consists of two parts, czech translation of the french text and its commentary. The first part of this thesis is a translation of one section of the French breedes guide L'Homme et le chien. Bien communiquer. written by french veterinarian and entomologist Patrick Pageat. In this first part which consists on translation, I focused on creating a comprehensible and straightforward text for the czech recipient. I perserved the essential function of the original text - to provide information and give to the breeders the useful advice. The second part of the work consists detailed translation analysis of the original text. Then I focus on individual translation issues that I had to deal with in the czech text. The conclusion of the work summarizes the methods used in translation and provides the typology of problems.
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Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition
Hosnedl, Daniel ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition Abstract This thesis is dedicated to the problematics regarding specifics of the European Union law interpretation methods. While majority of publications dealing with law interpretation adopts the perspective of judges and courts, and thus deals with the interpretations they render, this study adopts the viewpoint of a Czech legislator, who is facing a challenging task of transposing directives into the Czech legal order. In order for the transposition to be conducted properly, a thorough interpretation of the respective directive must precede. There is six standard and non- standard methods of interpretation at the legislator's disposal, including linguistic, logical, systematic, historical, theological and comparative one. Do these methods, however, prove to be fully applicable in case of the interpretation of the EU directives? Possibly, what would be the EU law norms interpretation specifics? This study represents an analysis of the given topic from the perspective of a legal theory and is structured into three main sections. The first section provides a brief definition of the legal interpretation as such and presents an overview of both historical and contemporary approaches towards the...
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Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition
Hosnedl, Daniel ; Wintr, Jan (referee)
Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition Abstract This thesis is dedicated to the problematics regarding specifics of the European Union law interpretation methods. While majority of publications dealing with law interpretation adopts the perspective of judges and courts, and thus deals with the interpretations they render, this study adopts the viewpoint of a Czech legislator, who is facing a challenging task of transposing directives into the Czech legal order. In order for the transposition to be conducted properly, a thorough interpretation of the respective directive must precede. There is six standard and non- standard methods of interpretation at the legislator's disposal, including linguistic, logical, systematic, historical, theological and comparative one. Do these methods, however, prove to be fully applicable in case of the interpretation of the EU directives? Possibly, what would be the EU law norms interpretation specifics? This study represents an analysis of the given topic from the perspective of a legal theory and is structured into three main sections. The first section provides a brief definition of the legal interpretation as such and presents an overview of both historical and contemporary approaches towards the...
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Variances in the Blue Card Directive Transposition across the European Union
Pospíšil, Petr ; Young, Mitchell (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
This work attempts to analyze causes of divergent transposition of the Blue Card directive, regulating the conditions of immigration of highly-skilled workers from third countries, between individual EU Member States. The differences are analyzed on two levels. Firstly, in terms of timeliness and correctness of transposition, secondly, from a perspective of a different manner of transposition of the discretionary clauses entailed in the Blue Card directive (whether the Member States opted for an open or for a restrictive way of transposition of these provisions). Scholarly literature about transposition compliance and highly-silled immigration policies creates the foundation, by means of which the author identifies several variables and articulates hypotheses aiming at providing explanation of the divergent transposition of the directive in the respective Member States. The author classifies the Member States in groups and clusters according to their transposition performance and its results embody a point of departure for a subsequent analysis. From each group, certain number of countries is selected for a detailed country-level analysis in order to ensure universality and geographical representativeness of the outcomes. To review how the individual hypotheses confirmed in the Member States, the...
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Dopady transpozície Smernice č. 2013/34/EU do účtovných úprav mikropodnikov v Českej republike a na Slovensku
Kondrlová, Veronika
This diploma thesis focuses on the problematics of transposition of the European regulation no. 2013/34/EU into national accounting standards of micro-enterprises in the Czech and Slovak Republic. It consists of several chapters. The first few chapters of the thesis are dedicated to the accounting harmonisation as one of the main reasons for the formation of European regulations and directives for individual member states of European Union. Other chapters focus on the structure and the content of the regulation no. 2013/34/EU. The key part focuses mainly on the simplification caused by the application of this regulation into micro-enterprises. Consequently, the degree of implementation of the regulation in both member countries and the impact of individual simplifications on the national accounting regulations are analysed. In conclusion, the consequences of the regulation itself and the potential pros and cons connected to its implementation are summarized as well as suggestions and actions which would increase the effectivity and improve the business environment for micro-enterprises in the Slovak and Czech Republic.
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Parallelization of Ultrasound Simulations Using 2D Decomposition
Nikl, Vojtěch ; Dvořák, Václav (referee) ; Jaroš, Jiří (advisor)
This thesis is a part of the k-Wave project, which is a toolbox for the simulation and reconstruction of acoustic wave felds and one of its main contributions is the planning of focused ultrasound surgeries (HIFU). One simulation can take tens of hours and about 60% of the simulation time is taken by the calculation of the 3D Fast Fourier transforms. Up until now the 3D FFT has been calculated purely by the FFTW library and its 1D decomposition, whose major limitation is the maximum number of employable cores. Therefore we introduce a new approach, called the 2D hybrid decomposition of the 3D FFT (HybridFFT), where we combine both MPI processes and OpenMP threads to reach as best performance as possible. On a low number of cores, on the order of a few hundreds, we are about as fast or slightly faster than FFTW and pure MPI 2D decomposition libraries (PFFT and P3DFFT). One of the best results was achieved on a 512^3FFT using 512 cores, where our hybrid version run 31ms, FFTW run 39ms and PFFT run 44ms. The most significant performance advantage should be seen when employing around 8-16 thousand cores, however we haven't had an access to a machine with such resources. Almost a linear scalability has been proven for up to 2048 employed cores.
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Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition
Hosnedl, Daniel ; Ondřejek, Pavel (advisor) ; Tryzna, Jan (referee)
Specifics regarding methods of interpretation of the EU law and process of EU directives transposition Abstract This thesis is dedicated to the problematics regarding specifics of the European Union law interpretation methods. While majority of publications dealing with law interpretation adopts the perspective of judges and courts, and thus deals with the interpretations they render, this study adopts the viewpoint of a Czech legislator, who is facing a challenging task of transposing directives into the Czech legal order. In order for the transposition to be conducted properly, a thorough interpretation of the respective directive must precede. There is six standard and non- standard methods of interpretation at the legislator's disposal, including linguistic, logical, systematic, historical, theological and comparative one. Do these methods, however, prove to be fully applicable in case of the interpretation of the EU directives? Possibly, what would be the EU law norms interpretation specifics? This study represents an analysis of the given topic from the perspective of a legal theory and is structured into three main sections. The first section provides a brief definition of the legal interpretation as such and presents an overview of both historical and contemporary approaches towards the...
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Transposition of environmental directives into the Czech legal order and its problematic aspects
Vinařská, Lucie ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Černovská, Eliška (referee)
This bachelor thesis deals with the transposition of environmental directives into the legal order of the Czech Republic. It describes in detail the process of transferring the law into national legislation and, at the same time, it examines the problems that arise here. The aim of this thesis is to clarify the most fundamental issues that occur when transposing environmental directives based on literature and practice. The causes of inappropriate transposition are selected from relevant literature and subsequently examined in case studies. These case studies concern six directives from two areas of environmental law. Chemical pollution area with worse overall transposition results and waste management with better results. Directives from the European Commission's database, which have gone furthest in infringement procedures, have been selected for the investigation. Using both national and European documents, both legislative and non-legislative, the process of transposing individual directives has been described. Based on the research, it has been found that the waste directives have been unduly transposed because of incorrect or incomplete transposition measures, non-communication, on the other hand, dominated the chemicals directives. The research also confirmed the main reasons for problems...
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