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Mapping the influence of the Mediterranean (kosher diet) and traditional Czech diet on the incidence of colorectal cancer
Ben-Perets, Diana Ester ; Sládková, Petra (advisor) ; Svěcená, Kateřina (referee)
This diploma thesis deals with mapping the influence of the Mediterranean (kosher) diet and the traditional Czech diet on the occurrence of colorectal cancer. The aim of the study was to identify differences between the eating habits of Israelis and Czechs and to assess their potential impact on the development of this type of cancer. The methodology included an analysis of the eating habits of both groups, epidemiological data and a literature review of relevant studies. The results of the study indicate that there are differences between the eating habits of Israelis and Czechs, with the Israeli diet, although influenced by westernization, showing positive tendencies compared to the traditional Czech diet. This observed difference may play a key role in the prevention of colorectal cancer. Despite the fact that Israelis are not strictly limited to the Mediterranean diet, the study highlights its positive effect on reducing the risk of this disease. On the contrary, the negative contribution of the traditional Czech diet underlines the need to improve eating habits in the Czech population. This work contributes to the literature regarding the influence of diet on health and offers a comprehensive view of the differences between the Mediterranean and Czech diets in relation to colorectal cancer....
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Vliv změny stravovacího režimu na vybrané ukazatele mikrobiomu lidského trávicího traktu
Patloka, Ondřej
The literature review of this thesis discusses the intestinal microbiome of the human gastrointestinal tract. The main attention is paid to the chapters on the development of the intestinal microflora within the life stages of a person, the importance of the microbiota in terms of metabolism and influencing the health of the host, and the influence of the way of eating in terms of the intake of basic nutrients and specific food components of the diet, which can change the bacterial diversity and composition of the intestinal microflora. In the practical part, a microbiological analysis of the fecal microflora of six individuals (n=6) who underwent a weight reduction course was performed. During the experiment, 3 microbiological analyzes of the stool of the probands were performed within the monitored period, i.e. (at the beginning of the weight reduction course, at its end and in the period after the end of the weight reduction course). Microbiological analysis was performed by the plate method, where the number of KTJ/g stool of the probands was evaluated after cultivation. For each of the probands, one sample was analyzed in each phase of the experiment. For statistical evaluation, the averages of log KTJ/g from the stool of all probands within each phase of the experiment were used. At the same time, there was a detailed evaluation of the intake of basic nutrients and other food components of the diet from the dietary records of the probands within the individual periods of the experiment. At the end, a correlation analysis was performed between the observed parameters. During the experiment, there was a decrease in the intake of total carbohydrates, monoenoic and trans fatty acids (P<0.05). In the group of probands, a tendency to decrease total energy intake and increased fiber intake was also noted. As part of the reduction course, there was a decrease in the abundance of Bacteroides spp. and lactic acid bacteria (P<0.05). In contrast, the numbers of Lb were increased at the end of the reduction program. acidophilus and Lb. rhamnosus in the stool of probands (P<0.05). In addition, in the period after the end of the reduction course, there was an increase in the abundance of fecal Bifidobacterium spp. (P<0.05) and a reduction in the number of Enterococcus spp. in the proband group (P<0.05). Based on the detected changes in the abundance of the bacterial composition of the cultured taxa, a possible reduction in the body weight of the probands within the monitored experiment can be assumed.
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Kvantitativní zastoupení bakterií rodu Lactobacillus v lidském zažívacím traktu v závislosti na změně stravovacích návyků
Kolísková, Kateřina
This diploma thesis deals with the issue of quantitative representation of the bacterial family in the human digestion system depending on changes in eating habits. The start of literary digest addresses general characteristics of digestion microbiome and its bacterial represen-tation. The most comprehensive part belongs to individual factors, who influenced overall number of bacterial species inhabiting the digestion microbiome. The last chapters of the theoretical part belong to cultivative and molecular biological methods, which are used in examination of the human digestion tract. Experimental part focuses on differences in the number of individual bacteria in the samples of human excrements, whose presence was determined by cultivative methods. Isolation of bacterial DNA was performed, which was subsequently confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. In resulting values, we observed small changes (p < 0,05) in bacterial species L. acidophilus a L. rhamnosus at the end of the second period. All bacterial families, except Bacteroides, had downward tendency (p > 0,05). Based on acquired data from food records, we observed changes in consumption of basic macronutrients (protein, fat, carbohydrates) and fiber. Only in carbohydrates and sim-ple sugars, we observed statistically provable differences (p > 0,05). Final analysis proved that changes in eating habits did not influence the total number of bacterial species inhabiting digestion microbiome.
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Stravovací návyky adolescentů
Krys, Lukáš
The bachelor's thesis deals with the eating habits of adolescents in secondary schools with a focus on gastronomy. In the theoretical part, the basic concepts related to the topic are clarified - the period of adolescence, adolescent nutrition and components of nutrition, eating behavior and eating habits of adolescents. The theoretical work also describes the environment influencing the eating habits, physical activity of adolescents and their preferences in eating. The practical part is based on the quantitative method of a questionnaire survey, where the information obtained will be used to determine whether adolescents have correct or incorrect informations and habits in the area of proper eating.
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Poruchy příjmu potravy a stravovací návyky u žáků SŠ
Zapalová, Markéta
Bachelor's thesis dealing with eating habits, nutrition and any subsequent problems that may arise from bad eating habits. It is primarily focused on eating disorders. The work is focused on high school students, i.e. on adolescents. The first chapter deals with the definition of eating habits, health and nutrition. The second chapter deals with the eating habits of adolescents and shows how the ideal diet of secondary school students should look and how it differs from the actual eating habits of students. The third chapter defines eating disorders and what disorders can be included in this category.
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Major dietary mistakes in patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension
Hampl, Petr ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
Abstact Arterial hypertension is one of the most serious risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the form of stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. Damage caused by the disease increases over time due to asymptomatic course and interaction with other risk factors, especially dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, smoking habits, or obesity. These combinations of risk factors, together with hypertension, further multiply the overall cardiovascular risk of sufferers. Although arterial hypertension is influenced by pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modification, its high prevalence represents a serious health problem in both the Czech Republic and in other developed countries. This bachelor thesis aims to evaluate the eating habits of patients with essential hypertension, a multifactorial form of the disease without a specific causing cause, and of hypertonics with primary aldosteronism, which arises on the basis of autonomous overproduction of aldosterone. Although this form of disease has a specifically treatable cause, its course and organ complications are often more serious than those of essential hypertension. Dietary habits, together with adherence to other nonpharmacological measures, can largely moderate the manifestations of the disease...
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Dietary habits of patients in the schizophrenic spectrum
Krůčková, Dominika ; Kalinová, Nelly (advisor) ; Pehr, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with the dietary habits of schizophrenic patients and the effect of anti- inflammatory food on the levels of inflammatory markers in the blood. Patients suffering from schizophrenia are observed to have poorer eating habits compared to healthy controls. These patients are more likely to consume saturated and trans unsaturated fatty acids and less likely to include fruit and vegetables, unsaturated fatty acids or fibre in their diet. At the same time these patients have a higher consumption of foods involved in promoting chronic inflammation and thus possibly worsening the symptoms of the disease. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dietary habits of schizophrenic patients using a semi-quantitative frequency questionnaire and to compare them with a control group without a psychiatric diagnosis. Furthermore, based on the findings from the DII to select foods from the questionnaire that contain components of or are themselves included in the anti-inflammatory food index and to determine whether the frequency of consumption of these foods correlates with blood levels of inflammatory markers. According to the results of this work the diet of schizophrenic patients can be considered less healthy compared to the control group due to lower consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables,...
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