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Friendships and partner relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorder
Slavíčková, Kateřina ; Sotáková, Hana (advisor) ; Kucharská, Anna (referee)
This master thesis examines friendship and partnership relationships in young adults with autism spectrum disorders. In the literature section, the definition of autism spectrum disorders according to the International Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the American Psychiatric Association's DSM-V manual is presented, the specific areas of autism spectrum disorders are discussed, with attention being paid mainly to the social area, and the chapter also focuses on diagnosis and support options. The next chapter covers general aspects of friendship and specifics in friendships for people on the spectrum. The chapter on partner relationships is divided in the same way. The literature section also includes specifics of relationships in the online world and concludes with a brief summary. The research section begins by introducing the research objectives and research questions. The research design was conceived as qualitative. The research was conducted in two phases, the first of which was an online questionnaire. The second phase then consisted of semi- structured interviews that aimed to deepen the findings from the questionnaire. Both phases of the research were evaluated qualitatively using the thematic analysis method. The results of the thesis describe how people on the...
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Etiquette in Kindergarten
KINZLOVÁ, Lucie
The bachelor thesis deals with etiquette in kindergarten. Its aim is to describe the rules of etiquette with regard to the age of children and look for possibilities to adopt them in kindergarten. The theoretical part defines the term etiquette in relevant context. It offers an insight into the connection of the educational process in kindergarten with acquisition of the basic rules of social behaviour. It characterizes the developmental specifics of preschool children, the specifics of preschool education, its methods and forms. It describes the basic areas in which it is possible to link the daily routine set in a kindergarten with etiquette. The practical part contains a program focused on learning the basic rules of etiquette which is divided into three blocks, considering appropriate dining habits, communication and care of appearance (hygiene habits). It also includes program evaluation including evaluation of acquired habits in these areas and children's view on compliance with rules of social behaviour. The gained experiences are summarized and linked to the theoretical basis in the discussion.
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Vliv hřebce na sociální úspěšnost hříbat
PEJCHOVÁ, Tamara
Paternal behaviour in mammals could play an important role in the development of young offspring. The aim of this work is to evaluate the effect of interactions between colts and the stallion (father) in the early phase of their development focusing on the subsequent behaviour and social position of these young stallions in the bachelor group. We found that the behaviour of stallions is age-dependent and the individuals born to primiparous mothers are more dominant. In addition, we have not confirmed that the father is a behavioural model for his male offspring. In conclusion, we suggest that the most important factor which affects a social behaviour of young stallions is their personality.
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Pozorování hejnového chování ryb v pelagickém habitatu umělé vodní nádrže prostřednictvím videokamery
HOLUBOVÁ, Michaela
The research presented in this thesis contributes to broadening of the knowledge on free-living adult fish schools and behavioural patterns in a temperate freshwater reservoir. The behaviour of fish in the pelagic zone is rather poorly studied. Naturally, schooling tendency varied between species mostly due to increasing vulnerability to predation. Heterospecificity in schools was not a rare phenomenon, mainly for vulnerable species that shared the same space and food niche with a predatory less attractive species. The individual needs fluctuate as factors might be reconsidered in short time periods and most probably are reflected in behavioural responses. Individual responses are also reflected in the distribution of the fish in the reservoir and density in particular habitat. There is a "critical density" that triggers the formation of fish schools, followed by a slowing increase in density of fish clusters (observed units). This corresponds to increasing proportion of fish in a school and declining proportion of singletons. The trend of count of clusters tended to have an upper limit that should result in constant count of fish clusters after reaching a particular fish density. In other words, fish in the habitat maintain maximal distances even when the density increases. During high density periods the distances are kept by school formation. Overall the usage of the visual census as presented, proved to be a convenient tool for observation and assessment of freshwater fish. It has been demonstrated that the method can obtain comparable results to hydroacoustic survey amounts as well as purse seining.
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Social organization and mating systems in the genus Myotis
Wnuková, Lucie ; Jahelková, Helena (advisor) ; Lučan, Radek (referee)
We can find a big variety of social organizations and mating systems in order Chiroptera. The most common is polygamy where paternal care is typically missing. In temperate zone, there is seasonal change of climate what is influencing sociality and mating of Chiroptera which are adopting so called temperate cycle. This cycle is characteristic also for our species Myotis. During summer, females live in nursery colonies to make the nursing of the youngsters easier. In every specie of this order living in Czech Republic females are having only one cub. Shelters of the nursery colonies are for example in the cavities of trees, buildings or other gaps. Myotis myotis and M. Blythi, which originally occupied the caves, in our conditions are living in buildings. Number of individuals in the colony varies and depends on type of shelter. In species M. bechsteinii, M. nattereri and M. daubentonii, female colonies are disrupted into several sub-groups living in different shelters. This social organization is called fission-fusion. Even though males are being solitary during this period of time, we can find them also in female groups or they can form an only male group. Mating occurs usually in autumn when nursery colonies break up, probably during swarming. In winter, they are hibernating in their hibernacula which are...
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Use of Montessori Teaching Method in Primary School
Olšanská, Lenka ; Mazáčová, Nataša (advisor) ; Váňová, Miroslava (referee)
The thesis is focused on the use of the Marie Montessori method at the second stage of the primary school. The first part explains the principles of Montessori education and training, including the introduction of appropriate didactic recommendations. There are mentioned possibilities of project teaching and description of the cooking project that is the subject of the research. The aim of this work was to find out what changes pupils perceive after completing the annual cooking project. The results showed that pupils learned how to cook, work in a team and how to resolve conflicts. They started eating more vegetables. Cooking is fun. In the future, pupils want to choose whether or not to participate in the project.
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Sledování sociálního chování u morčat v modelové situaci
ELIÁŠ, Zdeněk
The aim of this work was to find out the social behaviour and interactions among the established group of guinea pigs (Cavia aperea var. porcellus) and the newly assembled groups, with each group being monitored three times, always for 24 hours. A total of 12 short-haired guinea pigs of smooth coat breed with balanced age distribution, divided into three groups, were monitored. The behaviour and activities of guinea pigs were recorded on a camcorder followed with subsequent evaluation of video recordings by means of ethograms and verbal description. Among monitored and evaluated activities were rest and sleep, feed and water intake, comfort behaviour, movement and conflict. In guinea pigs, there were proven differences in behaviour for all of the activities monitored. The individuality of individuals and their different behaviours manifested themselves, with each of them behaving a little bit differently from the others. By comparing the groups, significant differences in behaviour were found. Each individual behaved a little bit differently, but the same pattern of behaviour was not repeated among the groups. Also, it was found that the number of conflicts among guinea pigs decrease overtime for which the guinea pigs are together.
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Etologie ovcí s ohledem na klimatické podmínky
ČEDÍKOVÁ, Kristýna
This bachelor thesis focuses on the ethology of two selected breed of sheep - Grey Horned Heath and Charolais sheep. The main method of this research was ethological observation. The observation took place during 2018 and 2019 on a farm in the village Chlístov. The key observed behaviour of sheep was defined as feeding, standing, lying/resting and moving. Observations were organized during different season of the year (spring, summer, autumn and winter) to demonstrate the effect of the climatic conditions on sheep behaviour. Both herds of sheep were observed at the same time to eliminate and avoid the influence of other various aspects which could influence behaviour, thus the same time observation provided fully comparable data. Results of ethological observation are evaluated by comparative method.
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Laterality in social and locomotory behaviour of domestic pigs (Sus scrofa f. domestica)
Kunclová, Kristýna ; Špinka, Marek (advisor) ; Nekovářová, Tereza (referee)
The aim of this diploma thesis is to find out whether pigs exhibit laterality in social behavior, especially the laterality of rotational movements in game behavior and social interactions. We aimed also to explore how this laterality is influenced by other factors, especially the possibilities of playful behavior in ontogenesis, personality and others social and non-social factors. Alternatively, whether the degree of laterality determined varies depending on the social situation (game / aggression) and whether is influenced by the litter. I have investigated this behavior for 64 pigs in 16 litters from videotapes of their social behavior. For each pig, I recorded the playing element and the preferential side. For individual game elements I did not find any preference for rotation at the population level and only a slight tendency for individual laterality. For social game elements, I have shown a weak population tendency to prefer left side, but only for a group of more playing pigs. The main contribution of this work is the symmetry found in the implementation of individual game elements and, on the contrary, the observed laterality at the population level for social game behavior. Since the laterality of playful behavior has not yet been investigated, it is possible that this symmetry is...
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Ontogenetic development and behaviour of captive Blue-winged Kookaburra (\kur{Dacelo leachii})
SVOBODOVÁ, Yveta
The Blue-winged Kookaburra is among the species of birds in which there is a sex dimorphism manifested in two characteristics. The first is the more pronounced coloration of the tail of the male; the second is the weight difference between the sexes. The female is about 70 - 100 grams heavier than the male. These differences do not occur earlier than after the first year of life. Although globally, there are 133 individuals of the Blue-winged Kookaburra (61 males, 58 females, 14 young) in human care in 45 institutions in 5 regions, it is successfully reproduced in only 9 institutions. Ostrava Zoo, as one of the three zoos and zoo parks in the world, keeps the Blue-winged Kookaburras in a group of eight, which is the optimal number of individuals forming a breeding cooperative group. In breeding seasons 2011 - 2016, Ostrava Zoo showed excellent results in breeding these Coraciiformes, with 15 successfully raised individuals. It therefore provided the data, together with Prague Zoo. This diploma thesis is a summary of own ethological observations at Ostrava Zoo and of a short observation at Prague Zoo. Summarizing the data from these two zoos, the thesis assesses weight differences of fertilized and unfertilized eggs, ontogenesis, growth rate and sex of the Blue-winged Kookaburras. On the basis of the growth and weight differences between the sexes, it deals with the sex determination of the young. It further describes social behaviour and vocalization within a breeding group with a predominance of females, evaluates general group relationships, and compares the results with a wild population
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