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Porovnání množství vázaného uhlíku v nadzemní i podzemní biomase v různých typech využití půdy v okolí města Oxapampa, Peru
Chalupová, Karolína
The present work compares amount of sequestered carbon in different types of land use in the vicinity of Oxapampa in Peru. Research was conducted in the autumn of 2022 with focus on three main types of land use: coffee agroforestry plantations, montane tropical forests and silvopastoral systems. Data collection was carried out with Field-Map technology, where 47 study plots on 6 transects were compared. To estimate aboveground and belowground biomass allometric equations were used. The evaluation of soil carbon stocks was determined based on soil analysis using a Soli-TOC device (Elementar). The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the amount of carbon bound in the biomass of agroforestry coffee plantations and forest ecosystems. Soil carbon stocks were highest in forest stands in the upper soil layers. At lower depths (20–30 cm) the difference between the studied ecosystems was no longer registered. Average soil carbon values (%) for coffee agroforestry systems and particular depths were as follows: H (7,6 ± 3,8); 0–10 (5,1 ± 1,8); 10–20 (3,8 ± 0,8); 20–30 (3,4 ± 0,7). For study plots in forest ecosystems: H (34,2 ± 12,1); 0–10 (22,4 ± 14,7); 10–20 (9,5 ± 6,2); 20–30 (7,3 ± 5,8). Soil carbon stocks values for silvopasture systems were: H (12,1 ± 4,7); 0–10 (7,3 ± 3,3); 10–20 (5,3 ± 2,3); 20–30 (3,7 ± 2,1).
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Vázání uhlíku ve stínících dřevinách na agrolesnických kávových plantážích v Nikaragui
Hrubešová, Karolína
The bachelor's thesis presents the results of calculating the amount of sequestered carbon in shading trees and coffee plants on three selected agroforestry coffee plantations in the department of Matagalpa, which are located at an altitude from 880 m above sea level to 1400 m above sea level. The territory of the selected plantations belongs to the ecosystem of tropical montane cloud forest. The highest stock of carbon in the above-ground and underground biomass of shading trees was at the Selva Negra plantation, located at an altitude of 880 – 1,300 m above sea level, it was 48,7 ± 1,5 Mg ha-1, in addition coffee plants was 2,5 ± 0,22 Mg ha-1. At the La Dalia plantation at an altitude of 950 – 1,050 m above sea level, the above-ground and underground carbon stock in shade trees was 33,36 ± 1,94 Mg ha-1 and 2,3 ± 0,5 Mg ha-1 in the coffee plant. The total carbon stock from aboveground and belowground biomass of shade trees at the La Esperanza plantation, at an altitude of 1,350 – 1,400 m above sea level, was 28,8 ± 2,6 Mg ha-1. In coffee plants, the total supply was 1,9 ± 0,02 Mg ha-1. Funding options were proposed from the information found. If the studied plantations were interested in fi-nancial gain from traded carbon, they could each individually be entitled to a one time contribution: USD 2,656.47 (La Eperanza), USD 4,430.34 (Selva Negra), USD 3,085.66 (La Dalia).
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How will a longer vegetative season affect carbon sequestration in plant biomass
Kasperová, Denisa ; Albrechtová, Jana (advisor) ; Ponert, Jan (referee)
As a result of human activity, a large number of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, is released into the atmosphere, which causes a greater greenhouse effect and an increase in the temperature of the surface of the planet and the air in the atmosphere. Ongoing climate change is one of the great challenges facing society, as rising temperatures on the planet greatly affect the functioning of its ecosystems. Extremes arising from climate change, especially temperature rise and lack of precipitation or a change in the annual distribution of precipitation, affect the physiology and phenology of plants. Higher temperatures cause plant growing seasons to shift and lengthen, which has a direct impact on the sequestration of carbon in plant biomass through a biochemical, physiological plant process called photosynthesis. The increase in CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is slowed down by terrestrial forest ecosystems, as they can retain carbon in their tissues, especially in wood, for a relatively long time before it returns to the atmosphere. However, the efficiency of binding carbon into biomass also depends on other physiological processes, e.g., photorespiration, breathing, gas exchange between the plant and the atmosphere. Stressors caused by climate change can then limit growth, photosynthesis,...
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Autumn leaf senescence in temperate and boreal woody species under changing climate
Kosová, Barbora ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Konrádová, Hana (referee)
Autumn senescence of the foliage of deciduous trees of temperate and boreal zones is an annually recurring phenological phenomenon, which is part of the adaptation to life in the temperate and boreal zones with periods of frost and restriction of solar radiation. During foliar senescence, photosynthetic pigments decompose, mineral nutrients are remobilized and foliage falls off. The timing of foliage senescence in boreal and temperate deciduous trees is controlled by external and internal factors. The biggest role in the timing of senescence is played by photoperiod and temperature, which gradually decrease by he end of the growing season. The temperature is increasing due to global warming, thus affecting the length of the growing season and the sequestration of carbon into forest stands. Other factors (such as water availability) are also affected by climate change. The above-mentioned factors affect the trees of boreal and temperate forests to varying degrees, and it is, therefore, important to address them in order to be able to estimate the future development of foliage senescence and carbon sequestration in temperate and boreal forests.
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Finanční aspekty lesních ekosystémů
Štěpánková, Michaela
Štěpánková, M., Financial aspects of forest ecosystems. Bachelor thesis. Brno: Mendel University in Brno, 2022. Forest ecosystems provide a range of services that affect the life and well-being of society. As a result of climate neutrality being achieved under the Green Deal, the carbon sequestration ecosystem service plays a significant role. Its role is to reduce atmospheric concentrations and slow global warming by storing oxide in its biomass. Climate change is, among other things, also the cause of the bark beetle calamity, which has negatively affected the functional capabilities of forest ecosystems and the financial situation of forest owners. Therefore, the aim of the work is to quantify the financial aspects of forest ecosystem management on a model of 1 hectare and to evaluate the level of support for forest owners. The benefit of carbon sequestration is demonstrated in the enumeration of the value in individual regions of the Czech Republic regarding the area size of forest land. Consequently, a recommendation for forest ecosystem management is cre-ated to protect investments and the resilience of forests to climate change.
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Obsah organického uhlíku v orniční a podorniční vrstvě půdy v porostech energetických trav
BLÁHA, David
The study aimed to determine the total content of organic carbon in the topsoil and subsoil layer of energy grasses (Dactylis glomerata, Elymus elongatus subsp. ponticus cv. Szarvasi-1, Festuca arundinacea, Phleum pratense). The plant cultures were established on 16 April 2019 at the experimental field of the Faculty of Agriculture and Technology, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice. The organic carbon content was evaluated depending on the sampling depth and the fertilization variant. Soil sampling was taken at regular intervals with a pedological sounding rod from three depths (0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm). The samples were adjusted for subsequent analysis on a Primacs SLC Analyzer in the Department of Agroecosystems laboratory. The highest content of total organic carbon was observed at 0-10 cm depth and the lowest at depth of 20-30 cm. Furthermore, a positive effect of fertilization on the total organic carbon content was found.
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Carbon sequestration in grassland ecosystems at various spatial scales
BUREŠOVÁ, Renata
The aim of this work was to get information about the carbon sequestration in selected types of the grasslands ecosystems of regional study area (upper part catchment area of the Stropnice river), and upscale these results to the total area of regional study, eventually to larger areas on the base of maps with different size of minimal mapped unit.Three aspects of the carbon sequestration at sampling sites were studied: biomass production, quantity and quality of litter and decomposition rate. Appropriate aproach to up-scaling method and possibility of usage less detailed mapping layer Corine-LC for carbon stock study was verified through the biotope valuation method (BVM). This method allowed to compare the results on different levels of sample site data generalization.
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The importance of mycorrhizal fungi in the root decomposition.
Haiclová, Klára ; Kohout, Petr (advisor) ; Kolaříková, Zuzana (referee)
Mycorrhizal fungi are known as symbionts of many plant species. Fungi provide better access to mineral nutrients and water for host plants, and in return fungi receive carbohydrates from plants. Although a significant proportion of organic matter is bound in the root biomass, little is known about the factors affecting root decomposition. Understanding the process of root decomposition and the factors that affect it, is important to us. Knowledge of root decomposition helps us understand the carbon cycle and answer questions about carbon sequestration in soil. This Bachelor's thesis is focused on the importance and function of mycorrhizal fungi during root decomposition. It describes the influence of mycorrhizal fungi on the decomposition of fine roots colonized by mycorrhizae, the ability of mycorrhizal fungi to decompose organic matter and influence the decomposition rate through competition with saprotrophic organisms. Keywords: mycorrhizal fungi, roots, decomposition, rate, organic matter, soil, importance, carbon sequestration
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Carbon sequestration by forest ecosystems in canging climate.
Hlaváčková, Lucie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Urban, Otmar (referee)
The global carbon cycle is in the focus of the scientists' interest, because understanding carbon sinks and their relationships can show the solutions of problems related with increasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in the future. I focused on the role of forests ecosystems in this carbon cycle. All forests cover almost one third of the Earth's land area. By photosynthesis they bind big part of atmospheric carbon to their biomass. Sink strength of forest can differ according to the type of biome, forest stand age and actual climatic conditions. Forest biomes can be generally divided according to the latitude to three groups: tropical forest biomes, temperate forests and boreal forests. The size of carbon stock decreases in this order. Other parameters, such as net primary production and respiration differ in dependence on the particular ecosystem. Tropical rain forests represent great carbon stock, but their deforestation causes massive C emissions back to the atmosphere. Boreal forests aren't considered as important carbon sink, but they influence local climate. Some speculations can also appear about the old forests. It is possible to find authors, who claims, that old forests are no more carbon sinks, so that their carbon balance is neutral. Many surveys prove that they bind less carbon...
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The effect of tree species on soil properties
Hüblová, Lucie ; Frouz, Jan (advisor) ; Veselá, Hana (referee)
Soil quality and its ability to support plant growth and soil organisms is affected by the content of soil organic carbon which can also influence many soil properties. The biggest terrestrial reservoirs of carbon (C) are forests. The amount of C sequestered in soil depends on quantity and quality of organic matter returned to forest floor as leaf litter. For how long and how effectively the C will be stored in soil is largely dependent on the rate of decomposition of organic matter and stabilization mechanisms. In this work I compared data from 40 "common garden" experiments in which different tree species were planted in adjacent plots on homogenous soil. C storage was compared on three types of afforested soils with different previous land use. Forests and former arable soils represented the well- developed soils in late stages of pedogenesis. Post-mining sites represented soils where pedogenesis was in the initial state. I found out that soil age is the controlling factor of carbon sequestration. In well-developed soils more C was stored under conifers. In initial soils on post mining sites on the other hand more C was stored under broadleaves. A negative correlation between sequestered C and C:N ratio in leaf litter was found on post mining sites. The results suggest that different mechanisms...
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