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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Preparation of a library of methionine sulfoxide reductase for applications in synthesis of chiral sulfoxides
Havelka, Václav ; Míšek, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
Chiral sulfoxides are important compounds in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, however, their enantioselective synthesis providing only one desired enantiomer is not fully mastered. Some natural enzymes can be used for the biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxides. One of such enzymes is methionine sulphoxide reductase. Methionine sulphoxide reductase is an enzyme limiting the effects of reactive oxygen radicals in the organism resulting from oxygen metabolism. Its function is the reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine. There are two types of methionine sulphoxide reductase, methionine sulphoxide reductase A reducing only (S)-methionine sulphoxide and methionine sulphoxide reductase B reducing (R)-methionine sulphoxide. Methionesulfoxide reductase B is suitable for the preparation of (S)-sulfoxides, however its catalytic activity is not sufficient for practical use. Using the recombinant DNA and mutagenic PCR techniques, a methionine sulphoxide reductase B mutant library was prepared, and the extent and nature of mutation introduced was determined. This library will serve as a starting point for the controlled evolution of the enzyme to obtain clones with increased activity and reduced substrate specificity.
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Bacterial populations in mucosal tissues of the house mouse
Ptáčníková, Aneta ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Hampl, Vladimír (referee)
Microbiota becomes one of the most important subjects in biological research and numerous studies revealed that microbiota plays a broad spectrum of essential roles in different organisms. This master thesis focuses on the bacterial part of microbiota contained in mucosal tissues of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus). Male and female samples were collected by nasal and oral cavity lavages, vaginal mucosa lavages and from urine and stool. We aimed to detect quantitative, qualitative and sex-specific differences in bacterial populations between mucosal tissues with particular focus on bacterial cycling in vaginal mucosa during the estrous cycles. Bacterial abundances were estimated by qPCR whilst bacterial diversity was detected by targeted metagenomic sequencing of the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences were detected in bacterial abundances and alpha diversity between particular mucosal tissues. Stool samples contained the highest number of bacteria, while samples from the nasal mucosa and urine contained low amount of bacteria. The highest alpha diversity was discovered in stool samples, the least alpha diversity was found in the urine. Mucosal tissues also varied based on the bacterial composition on the level of particular genera. Detailed analysis of estrous cycles...
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Preparation of a library of methionine sulfoxide reductase for applications in synthesis of chiral sulfoxides
Havelka, Václav ; Míšek, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
Chiral sulfoxides are important compounds in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, however, their enantioselective synthesis providing only one desired enantiomer is not fully mastered. Some natural enzymes can be used for the biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxides. One of such enzymes is methionine sulphoxide reductase. Methionine sulphoxide reductase is an enzyme limiting the effects of reactive oxygen radicals in the organism resulting from oxygen metabolism. Its function is the reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine. There are two types of methionine sulphoxide reductase, methionine sulphoxide reductase A reducing only (S)-methionine sulphoxide and methionine sulphoxide reductase B reducing (R)-methionine sulphoxide. Methionesulfoxide reductase B is suitable for the preparation of (S)-sulfoxides, however its catalytic activity is not sufficient for practical use. Using the recombinant DNA and mutagenic PCR techniques, a methionine sulphoxide reductase B mutant library was prepared, and the extent and nature of mutation introduced was determined. This library will serve as a starting point for the controlled evolution of the enzyme to obtain clones with increased activity and reduced substrate specificity.
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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Phylogenetic Studies in the Polyploid Genus Curcuma L.
Záveská, Eliška ; Fér, Tomáš (advisor) ; Schmickl, Roswitha Elisabeth (referee) ; de Boer, Hugo (referee)
1 Phylogenetic Studies in the Polyploid Genus Curcuma L. SUMMARY Curcuma is genetically one of the most complex genera within the tropical family Zingiberaceae, with hybridization and polyploidization being the major forces in its evolution. In this thesis, I have focused mainly on the genetic background of Curcuma species variation, relationships and overall genome structure, as a key to solve long standing taxonomic problems. Results of my molecular studies on the genus Curcuma performed since 2007 represent an extension of ongoing taxonomic and nomenclatural work started by Jana Leong- Škorničková in 2000. The first part of the thesis consists of a broad, general introduction to the subject to reflect the current state of knowledge, formulate the major problems to be confronted within the genus, and summarise the major results of the studies presented in the second part of the thesis. As the main obstacles in studying Curcuma are consequences of its reticulate evolution, it is also outlines the importance of understanding the genetic background and species relationships using molecular markers. Common molecular methods used for assessing phylogenetic relationships on the intraspecific and infrageneric levels - AFLP and sequencing of selected markers from cpDNA, nrDNA and nDNA - are described, with the...
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Diversity of European freshwater cyclopoid species: phylogeny, morphology and ecology
Krajíček, Martin ; Černý, Martin (advisor) ; Brancelj, Anton (referee) ; Wyngaard, Grace (referee)
Cyclopoids are together with Calanoids and Harpacticoids a part of the largest, very diverse group of crustaceans and the most numerous aquatic metazoans of the world. The history of their research goes as far back as to the beginning of 19th century when the first cyclopoid copepods were described. The taxonomy of cyclopoids started to develop gradually since that time, adding new and more detailed methods and morphological characters, as well as a certain degree of taxonomical confusion. In last decades, the molecular-genetic techniques of DNA sequencing have become available offering a new independent tool for taxonomists. This work contains different studies concerning the morphology, taxonomy, ecology, distribution and colonisation of cyclopoid copepods, with the use of molecular tools as a uniting element. Chapter 1 of this thesis summarizes basic knowledge about the taxonomy, morphology and biology of cyclopoid copepods and introduces the following chapters containing four studies presented as single publications. The taxonomy of copepods of the genus Cyclops is based mainly on the morphology which is sometimes ambivalent and some of the most problematic species groups are presented here. Chapter 2 presents our unique results, the first reconstruction of phylogenetic relationships among 15...
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