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Fertility in Russia in the period 2000-2018 with a focus on the second and higher birth order in the context of economic conditions and family policy
Třísková, Hana ; Šťastná, Anna (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
Fertility in Russia in the period 2000-2018 with a focus on the second and higher birth order in the context of economic conditions and family policy Abstract Similarly to other developed countries, Russia also faces a problem with decline of fertility and postponing childbearing to higher ages. The dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the consequent economic and social transformation that occurred in the 1990s in Russia included the country between those with low level of fertility. The aim of this theses is to study the Russian fertility in the period of 2000-2018 with the focus on second and higher birth order in the context of economic conditions and family policy. The first part of the theses outlines the description of family policy and the means of state support for families with children, as well as the presentation of fertility development in the period 2000-2018 in relation with key historical, economic and social events. The second part of the thesis presents the analysis of fertility in the period of 2000- 2018 based on selected demographic indicators. Part of the analysis includes also the influence of economic factors on the level of fertility in the period 2000-2018 based on selected economic indicators using correlation coefficient and linear regression. In the analysis, we also...
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Comparative analysis of the work- life balance policies in Austria and the Czech Republic
Jarošová, Nikola ; Pavlík, Petr (advisor) ; Kiczková, Zuzana (referee)
This thesis discusses two family policy models in the two selected Central European countries; the Czech Republic and Austria. The aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of these measures of family policy, which relates to aid reconciliation of family and professional life for families with children. Within this study of individual level measures of family policies in the selected countries, first the measures involving the formation of family and work roles in family life will be explored, followed by the possibility of interaction of the two family policies. The integral parts of the analysis will asses these measures from a gender perspective. The result of this work is a detailed comparison of the components of family policy, which affect the reconciliation of family and professional lives of families with child/children, including evaluation of the effectiveness of individual measures in the two selected countries. Key words: balancing work and family, family policy, comparative analysis, gender, family, maternity / parental leave, the labor market, institutional care for children
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Development and the current form of family policy in the Czech Republic
Bláhová, Jitka ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
Summary: Development and the current form of family policy in the Czech Republic In my diploma thesis focused on the topic "Development and the current form of family policy in the Czech Republic," I attempted for description and characteristic of a family policy by using its specific tools. The initial chapter I dedicated to the definition of important terms, with which I further work. I'm focused on the concept of the family, family policy, system and concept of family policies in general, and with their help I define a particular system of family policy in the Czech Republic. In this chapter, I paid attention to the various forms of family life and their mutual comparison. The reason for this were differences in application of the family policy to various forms of cohabitation with regard to certain cases and social situation. The initial chapter I finish off with looking back and re-evaluating specific demographic behaviour of the Czech population. The next two chapters are devoted to the structure, description and effects of family policy tools. I characterize direct and indirect financial tools and then non-financial tools of family policy. Non-financial instruments are evaluated in connection with their application in the field of harmonization of family and professional roles, and in a separate...
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Family policy of the Great Coalition in Germany (2005 - 2009)
Pištorová, Tereza ; Filipová, Lucie (advisor) ; Baštová, Petra (referee)
The Federal Republic of Germany is among the countries with the lowest birthrates in Europe; Germany's total fertility rate has fluctuated between 1.3 and 1.4 children per woman since the 1970s. Presented thesis "Family policy of the grand coalition in the FRG 2005- 2009" deals with measures taken by the Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth, headed by Ursula von der Leyen, and their impact on the birthrate and other indicators such as the employment rate among mothers and the risk of poverty. In this period of time, the concept of family policy was changed towards the Scandinavian model, which supports Work-Life-Balance. The effects of the introduction of year-long income- dependent parental benefits, which are extended by two months when the parents alternate in care, are analyzed in this thesis. The second researched measure is the massive support of the expansion of child care opportunities for children under three years of age. The thesis shows that the total fertility rate has not shown any significant change; nevertheless, the decrease in specific fertility rate among highly educated women was halted and the employment rate among mothers increased. The effects will only be able to be complexly assessed after a longer period of time.
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Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
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The support of families with children till the age of seven in the 21st century in the Czech Republic
Zmeková, Klára ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
The support of families with children till the age of seven in the 21st century in the Czech Republic The topic of the thesis is the support of families with children till the age of seven in the 21st century in the Czech Republic. The main objective is to summarize the possibilities of state and private sector. Because the family, especially the association among parents and their children, has an irreplaceable importance for all the society. It is interesting how much has the support changed in the recent years. Considering the fact that the society has entered a new millennium, a lot of people were expecting, with more than ten years after the Velvet Revolution, some reversal, or an evolution. During the last thirteen years, there happened many very important events, such as the accession to the European Union or the intervention of the so-called global financial crisis (thanks to which the social solidarity has become more than necessary). Over the whole period, eight governments of two political parties and one caretaker government had been changed in the Czech Republic. The left replaced the right, the impact of individual political views was of a different power. It is clear that the direction of legislators' thinking affects the society and vice versa. The thesis is divided into seven...
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Family policy in the Czech Republic and services of care about children in the pre-school age
Sláma, Vladimír ; Munková, Gabriela (advisor) ; Kotous, Jan (referee)
v anglickém jazyce Family policy in the Czech Republic and services of childcare for children of pre-school age This master's degree thesis deals with family policy, in particular with the institutional provisions of childcare services for children of pre-school age, their legislative framework and potential future development. The goal is to find out whether the current legislation of childcare services sufficiently reflects the needs of parents, given demographic developments and the existing socio-cultural and economic context. The first chapter characterizes the current context of family policy in the Czech Republic: We are experiencing rising fertility rates, while people realize parenthood at later stages of their lives. In addition, opinion polls show that 50% of families desire an egalitarian family model with an equal distribution of childcare responsibilities between both parents, thus allowing for the professional development of each. In reality, however, women usually lower their professional ambitions and stay at home taking care of the children. The second chapter suggests that the discrepancy between the desired and the actually practiced family model is a result of existing family policies in the Czech Republic, which prefer the model of the father as the breadwinner and the mother...
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Parental leave in Dresden and Leipzig with the focus of fathers involvement as an example for successful family politic
Jus, Denise ; Barth, Boris (advisor) ; Mlsna, Petr (referee)
In recent years Germany had to deal with demographical changes on his own territory, pointing an increasingly aging population and on the other hand with a low birth rate that could not normalize this trend. Family policy deals with these issues because one of its current goals is to raise birth rates and ensure and strengthen the position of women in the market. As a possible solution, the family policy sees it in the contribution of men to the share of parental leave. Therefore this diploma thesis will have this topic in the focus. The turning point for Germany and especially for fathers was the year 2007 when the so called "Elterngeld" was introduced with the goal to encourage men to take parental leave and support the woman with raising children. Thanks to this fact that a man help a woman with an upbringing child and household, to women is given the possibility to return to the working environment earlier (at least for a half-time job). This partnership should ensure greater stability in the relationship and possibly ensuring next offspring that Germany necessarily needs. Since 2007 can be noticed interesting numbers of men entering the parental leave. Noteworthy is that one of the highest figures is reported by Saxony with Dresden and Leipzig. Since the man is now seen as one of possible...
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Accessibility of pre-primary education in the Czech Republic
Lešetická, Zuzana ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Kocourková, Jiřina (referee)
The aim of this study is to analyze and evaluate care services for preschool children in the Czech Republic from the perspective of a demographer. The first part is concerned with theory relating to this issue. This development of preschool education in this country with an emphasis on the period after 1990 . In the next section participation in preschool education in the districts of the Czech Republic is analyzed. As a part of analysis an international comparison is also made with selected European Union countries. A survey was carried about using a questionnaire, the results of which became an importance source helping to describe and, in some cases, illustrate the current situation in and around Prague. The final part outlines the possible future development in the numbers of children and the resulting interest in preschool care. To address the problems related to the return of women to the workplace (labor market) after maternity leave, the number of children are estimated and grouped according to the levels of education of the women.
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