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Mother's awareness of the prevention of sudden infant death syndrome
Suchomelová, Barbora ; Průšová, Kateřina (advisor) ; Nikodemová, Hana (referee)
The bachelor thesis entitled "Mothers' awareness of prevention of sudden infant death syndrome", deals, as the title of the thesis implies, with mothers' awareness of risk and protective factors of sudden infant death syndrome. The aim of the thesis is to find out whether and to what extent mothers are informed of these factors. The thesis consists of a theoretical and an empirical part. The theoretical part is focused on the basic knowledge about SIDS, the emphasis is put on risk and protective factors of SIDS, which are key in this issue. It is also focused on the issue of losing a child to SIDS and the process of coping with this loss. In the empirical part of the thesis are evaluated the results of a questionnaire survey aimed at obtaining information about the knowledge of respondents on the topic of safe sleep of newborns and infants. The term SIDS was deliberately omitted from the questionnaire survey in order not to influence respondents' answers. The aim was for respondents to answer the questions as they would actually practice the phenomena being questioned and not as they thought the answers were correct. The data and information obtained from the questionnaire survey are primarily intended to serve nurses working with newborns to determine whether mothers are sufficiently informed...
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Late effects of oncolocigal treatment for childhood cancers
Zichová, Andrea ; Eckschlager, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kolenová, Alexandra (referee) ; Tesařová, Petra (referee)
Late effects of oncological treatment for childhood cancers Abstract The study aimed to describe the occurence of subsequent neoplasms and their risk factors at the Departement of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, Motol University Hospital, Prague. Moreover, we focused on sporadic renal angiomyolipomas as the most frequent benign subsequent neoplasms. Out of 4,059 survivors treated between 1975 - 2018 for a solid tumor on Departement of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 170 (4.2 % of all survivors) had at least one subsequent malingant neoplasm, 21 of them (0.5 of all survivors) developed more subsequent malignant neoplasms, and 34 (0.8 of all survivors) developed one subsequent malignant neoplasm and at least one subsequent benign neoplasm. Mortality among patients with subsequent malignant neoplasm was 38 %, i.e. 1.6 % of all survivors. The most common subsequent malignant neoplasms was thyroid carcinoma (37; 19.2 %), central nervous system tumors (25; 13 %), and soft tissue sarcomas (23; 11.9 %). 119 (2.9 %) survivors developed only subsequent benign neoplasm. Out of 1,098 survivors who underwent ultrasound examination between 2014 - 2019, 48 (4.4 %) had sporadic renal angiomyolipoma; moreover, 20 of them also had another subsequent neoplasm. The median age at diagnosis was 27.9 years, and the median...
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The influence of parents' eating habits on children's development of eating disorders
Černá, Barbora ; Krch, František (advisor) ; Konečná, Judita (referee)
This bachelor's thesis dealt with the issue of eating disorders (ED) in terms of the influence of parents' eating habits on the onset and development of eating disorders in children. The aim of the thesis was to determine whether this influence plays a role in the development of the disorder, how large this influence may be and which specific eating habits may be involved. The theoretical part of the bachelor thesis focused on the description of the disease, epidemiology, diagnosis, onset, course, treatment and mortality. In addition, the different types of eating disorders were presented, including their diagnosis and consequences. The last part focused on risk factors, especially the influence of parental eating habits on the onset and development of ED. The practical part was carried out by means of a questionnaire survey. Nineteen respondents took part in the survey. They were parents of outpatients of the psychiatric clinic of the VFN treated for ED. The results showed an association between the eating habits of parents and the development of eating disorders in their children, but were not conclusive. It is necessary to take into account the existence of a number of risk factors and the diversity of their effects on the onset and development of the disease.
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Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in employees of one company working in an office environment
Voláková, Tereza ; Nováková, Tereza (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Title: Prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders in employees of one company working in an office environment Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to identify the most common WRMDs in individuals with sedentary jobs in an office environment of one company. Another objective, is a more detailed evaluation of the results directed to the risk factors involved in their problems according to the respondents and the preventive strategies used by the respondents to prevent pain and discomfort. Methods: A questionnaire survey was chosen to collect data. The questionnaire for the study was based on the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionair (NMQ), a standardized questionnaire, the core of which was kept in its original form, and the section on risk factors, preventive strategies and sociodemographic questions was adapted for the respondent group. The questionnaire was distributed electronically, with respondents answering both open and closed questions. In total, the research population consisted of 133 respondents. The collected data were statistically processed using MS Excel and tables and graphs were created to illustrate the results. Results: In the last 12 months, 64 (48.1%) of the respondents had experienced Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (WRMD). The most frequently occurring WRMDs were in the...
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Prevention and therapy of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection
Polívková, Sylvia ; Beneš, Jiří (advisor) ; Krbková, Lenka (referee) ; Rožnovský, Luděk (referee)
Introduction: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is the most common nosocomial gastrointestinal infection, it is associated with antibiotic use and due to the spread of epidemic strains of C. difficile, there are differences in the course and severity of the disease. This study aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with CDI, to perform molecular analysis of isolates , and then to correlate CDI course and treatment outcomes with the causative ribotypes. Furthermore, the efficacy of antibiotic regimens in the treatment of CDI was evaluated with the severity and number of CDI episodes. Methods: The observational cohort study was conducted in 2013-2016 at the Department of Infectious Diseases of the Bulovka University Hospital in Prague. Patients with laboratory-confirmed CDI were included in the study. C. difficile isolates were characterized by ribotyping, multiple variable tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) and examination of antibiotic resistance determinants (mutations in gyrA, gyrB, rpoB genes or the presence of ermB). Univariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the efficacy of antibiotic regimens (metronidazole, vancomycin, combination of vancomycin and metronidazole, fidaxomicin). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the number and severity of CDI episodes. Results: A...
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Perception of risk factors for atherosclerosis from the perspective of a patient after acute myocardial infarction
SAMCOVÁ, Tereza
This bachelor thesis focuses on examining the perception of atherosclerosis risk factors from the perspective of patients after acute myocardial infarction. The theoretical part delves into the characteristics of atherosclerosis and its associated risk factors. It also addresses myocardial infarction, including its pathophysiology, treatment procedures, and nursing care for patients post-MI.The practical part sets two main objectives. The first objective is to map the perception of atherosclerosis risk factors among patients post-MI, while the second objective is to assess whether these patients have changed their behavior regarding atherosclerosis risk factors. To achieve these goals, qualitative research in the form of semi-structured interviews was conducted with 13 patients who were at least one month post-MI. The research took place in a cardiology outpatient clinic in České Budějovice.The research indicates that the majority of patients are aware of atherosclerosis risk factors and strive to follow preventive measures. Additionally, it is evident that all patients post-MI have exhibited some degree of behavior change concerning atherosclerosis risk factors.These findings could serve as a basis for developing educational programs aimed at preventing atherosclerosis in patients post-MI, thereby contributing to the overall improvement of their health status and quality of life.
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Possibilities of nurse activity in primary prevention of Chronic Kidney Disease
FIKAROVÁ, Anna
Introduction: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is an incurable condition that is increasingly prevalent worldwide. Therefore, prevention is particularly important. Nurses in primary care encounter patients at increased risk for developing CKD and can contribute to its prevention by raising awareness about the disease and ways to prevent it. Objective: The main goal of the study was to determine the perception of nurses in the primary prevention of chronic kidney failure. Methods: The research part was conducted by qualitive research method in the form of semi-structured interviews. The research sample consisted of seven nurses working in a general practitioner's office for adults. The information gathered was analysed using open coding with the qualitative statistical program Atlas.ti, resulting in two categories and four subcategories. Results: The results indicated that nurses at general practitioners' offices for adults see their main opportunity in the primary prevention of CKD as educating patients, which they conduct through oral discussions and by offering informational leaflets. Nurses primarily inform patients about maintaining a healthy lifestyle, regimen measures, familiarising patients with the disease, its complications, and the importance of regular participation in preventive examinations. Nurses perceive screening tests, which allow for the identification of at-risk individuals for CKD, as an important element in primary prevention. Conclusion: The primary prevention of CKD is primarily hindered by patients' insufficient knowledge about the disease, from which patient cooperation is derived. To enhance the efficacy of primary prevention, nurses would benefit from increased time per patient and more comprehensive promotion of CKD.
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Social work with the child, in the divorce proceedings of the parents, from the point of view of OSPOD
CINKLOVÁ, Kristýna
The final thesis deals with the issue of "Social work with the child in the divorce proceedings of the parents from the point of view of OSPOD". After defining basic concepts such as family, marriage, divorce and social work with a minor child, the types of divorce proceedings and the role of the minor child in this process are specified here. What is decisive here is the approximation of social work with the child in the divorce proceedings of the parents, especially from the point of view of the position of the social worker at OSPOD. This also includes the introduction of individual techniques and methods that a social worker can use in his position. Part of the thesis is the presentation of the conducted qualitative research in the form of a semi-structured interview with social workers at the OSPOD, who carry out collision guardianship of minor children in the divorce proceedings of the parents. The research focuses on the evaluation of methodological recommendations in relation to practice, as far as they are beneficial for improving the quality of practice.
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Statistical Analysis of an Organization´s Economic Risk Factors
Ambrožová, Andrea ; Sylva, Šujanová (referee) ; Karpíšek, Zdeněk (advisor)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of high-risk economical factors of one particular organization and consequently with their evaluation based on statistical methods. The principal aim of the study was to determine the dominant economic indicators of the organization and assess their development over time based on statistical methods, using statistical tools. The tools utilized in the thesis were Statgraphics Centurion XV and MS Excel.
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The relationship between kidney stone formation and the composition of food.
Zbořilová, Eliška ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Vránová, Dana (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis deals with causes of formation and identification of urinary concrements. The theoretical part of this study includes basic definition of problems with urolithiasis, points to risk factors of formation of urinary concrements and deals with their classification in accordance to their chemical composition. Important part of this study has been devoted to dietary habits, because composition of ingested food and daily intake of liquids is very important for formation of concrement in urinary tract. Analysis of urinal concrement and following identification of its composition is absolutely unavoidable for definition of subsequent therapeutic method of treatment of urolithiasis. In the experimental part, infrared spectroscopy has been used for analysis of urinal concrements. The calibration lines of the most frequent two-component mixtures of urinary concrements have been scaled by this method
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