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Abundance and habitat use of reintroduced populations of the Hermit (Chazara briseis) in the Czech Republic
Pešová, Lucie ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Vrba, Pavel (referee)
The Hermit (Chazara briseis) belongs to the critically endangered species in the Czech Republic. Its last population survived until recently in the NPR Raná in the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area, but it has gradually declined. The specie's habitat is short-stemmed grasslands, which are maintained mainly by extensive grazing and management. Currently, these sites are declining, traditional management has changed and the sites are gradually becoming overgrown. Therefore, the reconstruction of the butterfly's habitats has been undertaken in selected localities that the butterfly used to inhabit in the past, in the České středohoří Protected Landscape Area (PR Číčov, Dlouhá hora, PP Radobýl) and in the Český kras Protected Landscape Area (Třesina, Radotín). Reintroduction of eggs and caterpillars took place in these sites in 2020-2021. The aim of the thesis was to evaluate the population abundance and habitat use of the Chazara briseis at these sites immediately after reintroduction. I estimated the size of the populations using the mark-capture-recapture method in 2020 and 2021. The size of the populations in the Lonské středohoří (Dlouhá hora and Číčov) was around 400-500 individuals with a fairly balanced sex ratio. Overflights were also recorded between these sites, which may indicate...
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Je vysazování rychleného plůdku lipana podhorního vhodným postupem pro podporu tohoto druhu ve volných vodách?
PASTEJŘÍK, Jan
This thesis focuses on the possibilities of supporting or restoring populations of the brown trout in Czech streams. Due to the effects of many negative factors, the populations of brown trout in our streams have significantly decreased, and the artificial introduction of reared individuals has so far proven to be ineffective. The aim of the thesis was to assess the possibility of strengthening or restoring the population of brown trout in selected sections of streams by introducing quick-growing fry reared in pond conditions. A significant number of recaptured individuals in all monitored locations indicates that the fish are capable of surviving and prospering in a new environment. During recaptures, it was found that the introduced fish formed a significant proportion of the fish communities present in the experimental sections. Successful overwintering of some of the introduced individuals was demonstrated in all locations. The use of alizarin solution as a bath for marking brown trout fry is an appropriate method for the efficient marking of a large number of small individuals with the possibility of detecting marks in the field without the need to kill identified individuals. The production and introduction of quick-growing fry of brown trout appear to be a promising approach for restoring and supporting their populations in free waters.
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Posouzení možnosti reintrodukce lipana podhorního vysazením uměle odchovaných generačních ryb v předvýtěrovém období
PASTEJŘÍK, Jan
My bachelor s thesis deals with the possibility of reintroduction of the European grayling (Thymallus thymallus) into open waters by stocking artificially bred generation fish in their pre-spawning period. 3-4-year-old broodfish, bred in the pond Hulák in Prachatice, were used for the experiment. Then in the spring the fish were marked and stocked in the parts of FROV JU fishing ground, where fish were previously caught with electric aggregates and the local composition of fish stocks was examined. In the same way, a control catch was carried out also in the autumn - this time there was a main focus on the presence of the European grayling and juveniles. In addition, a follow-up section of the river (outside the experimental sections) was fished out and most fish were caught here. Based on the results of the monitoring, it can be said that in the section of the river where artificially bred generation fish were stocked at least partially successful natural spawning took place. Although the number of caught fish in the autumn was low (11 fish), this approach might be considered as promising in terms of the possibility of supporting the occurrence of the European grayling in open waters and suitable for further testing. Only 6 % of stocked generation fish were caught out 7 months after stocking. The size of these fish was practically the same as when stocked. In case of using this approach within the fishery management, it is necessary to stock generation fish no more than a few weeks before the expected spawning.
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Returning Vertebrate Species as a Topic of Environmental Education
Hartlová, Adéla ; Andreska, Jan (advisor) ; Chocholoušková, Zdenka (referee) ; Urban, Peter (referee)
The presented thesis deals with the relationship between humans and animals that return to the Czech Republic due to various circumstances, especially national protection, and protection within the European Union. This is a group of animals that have been exterminated from the Czech wilderness for various reasons and upon their return cause damage, arouse fear and cause controversy. The spontaneous return and reintroduction of some vertebrate species is, therefore, considered a controversial topic at present because we are facing reintroduced and returning species more and more frequently. This is why people should ideally be introduced to this topic at primary schools, where the information is presented in a clear and didactic way, rather than later on, for example, in the context of various attitudes-raising campaigns. For this reason, this research was performed at primary schools, grammar schools and secondary vocational schools training future foresters and fishermen, in order to determine what pupils' attitudes towards these returning or reintroduced vertebrate species are and what can influence these attitudes. This research was carried out in the form of a questionnaire survey with analyses in Jamovi and Statistica 14. Subsequent analyses of the data revealed that students have generally...
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Phylogeography and conservation genetics of rare palearctic megaherbivores
Červeňák, Jakub ; Hulva, Pavel (advisor) ; Robovský, Jan (referee)
This review is focused on the surviving species of Pleistocene megaherbivores in the Palearctic realm. It describes a basic classification of herbivores depending on their trophic niche, the adaptations associated with diet and an application of Cope's rule in evolution of ungulates. This is followed by a description of different approaches in defining megafauna and causes of large animals extinctions at the end of the Pleistocene and during the Holocene. At the end of the general part of this work, the importance of megafaunal elements as keystone species and concepts of downsizing, associated trophic downgrading and the idea of rewilding are being emphasized. In the second part of the work, Pleistocene history, phylogeography and marked reduction of range during the Holocene are described for elk (Alces alces), European bison (Bison bonasus) and Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) according to the available literature. Finally, a history of the efforts to save the species and current knowledge on conservation genetics related to an overcome bottleneck effect are ascertained. Key words: Pleistocene megafauna, bottleneck, reintroduction, rewilding, browsing, grazing
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Reintroduction of butterflies (Lepidoptera)
Štochlová, Tereza ; Sedláček, Ondřej (advisor) ; Straka, Jakub (referee)
The thesis deals with one of the active means of conservation - reintroduction. By this ap- proach, organisms are released in their historical range from which they have disappeared. Re- introductions typically concern vertebrates, that is, however, why this thesis focuses on a group of invertebrates - butterflies (Rhopalocera). The main aim of this work is to carry out a research of previous experiments, evaluate used methods and discover the best way to proceed with reintroduction of butterflies. This process contains many important steps. Firstly, a suitable species must be chosen, that means one that is declining and has limited dispersal abilities. Secondly, an appropriate habitat for releasing organisms must be found - host plants ought to be sufficiently abundant and the area big enough. If the habitat quality is not satisfactory, it can be achieved through management, most commonly by planting host plants, mowing or grazing. Next step is choosing the right donor population. It should be stable, genetically variable, and genetically and ecologically related to the original extinct population. After transfer and release of sufficient number of organisms, it is crucial to carry out a long-term monitoring of the newly formed population and to modify its management when necessary. All methods...
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Historical existence of european bison in the Czech geographical region and its significance to the surrounding landscape
Řezáč, Tomáš
The subject of this diploma thesis is an analysis of the historical existence of European bison in the Czech geographical region and an evaluation of the significance of its presence to the surrounding landscape. The goal of the thesis is to depict bison population changes in the Czech territory over time and the meaning of efforts to reintroduce the bison into its natural habitat. An important part of the work then will be the preparation, realization and evaluation of two excursions during which students go for European bison directly into the field.
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Historical existence of european bison in the Czech geographical region and its significance to the surrounding landscape
Řezáč, Tomáš
The subject of this diploma thesis is an analysis of the historical existence of European bison in the Czech geographical region and an evaluation of the significance of its presence to the surrounding landscape. The goal of the thesis is to depict bison population changes in the Czech territory over time and the meaning of efforts to reintroduce the bison into its natural habitat. An important part of the work then will be the preparation, realization and evaluation of two excursions during which students go for European bison directly into the field.
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