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How will we live together?
Wintner, Roman ; Kocián, Václav (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
In my thesis How We Will Live Together I deal with the phenomenon of participatory housing. The first phase of the thesis is a research in which I analyse types of community housing from abroad, I examine the history of collective housing in the Czech Republic. I focus on different possibilities of participation within housing, which I demonstrate with real examples. I try to point out the still insufficient support of similarly oriented projects that could have a positive impact on the development of the housing issue in the country. In the second phase of the thesis, I develop a characterization of a fictive group of people, a community, on which I try to demonstrate the functioning and feasibility of a participatory housing project and the bottom-up model. The result is an architectural design on the site of the former sugar factory in Šlapanice, taking into account the interests and needs of the site and the community. It is a kind of reflection pointing out the possibilities and variability of the implementation of such a project in specific Czech conditions. I am basing my ideas on a foreign model, which I am trying to transfer to the territory of a more relaxed development. An important consideration in the work is given to the questions of the future in connection with housing. In the project I am working with the design of 5 different buildings, one of which also serves as a common centre for the community. The buildings are characterised by different approaches to design according to the individuality of the group of owners. I bring further considerations of possible functioning through the different zoning of the plots without strict subdivision and the different approach to the use of cars. As a paradoxical response of future housing, I bring a return to tradition and customs similar to the village environment. Not only in connection with cultivation, poultry farming, escape from hecticness, but especially with an orientation towards real values and healthy relationships, which can be mediated precisely by participatory housing.
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How will we live together?
Wintner, Roman ; Kocián, Václav (referee) ; Kratochvíl, Jan (advisor)
In my thesis How We Will Live Together I deal with the phenomenon of participatory housing. The first phase of the thesis is a research in which I analyse types of community housing from abroad, I examine the history of collective housing in the Czech Republic. I focus on different possibilities of participation within housing, which I demonstrate with real examples. I try to point out the still insufficient support of similarly oriented projects that could have a positive impact on the development of the housing issue in the country. In the second phase of the thesis, I develop a characterization of a fictive group of people, a community, on which I try to demonstrate the functioning and feasibility of a participatory housing project and the bottom-up model. The result is an architectural design on the site of the former sugar factory in Šlapanice, taking into account the interests and needs of the site and the community. It is a kind of reflection pointing out the possibilities and variability of the implementation of such a project in specific Czech conditions. I am basing my ideas on a foreign model, which I am trying to transfer to the territory of a more relaxed development. An important consideration in the work is given to the questions of the future in connection with housing. In the project I am working with the design of 5 different buildings, one of which also serves as a common centre for the community. The buildings are characterised by different approaches to design according to the individuality of the group of owners. I bring further considerations of possible functioning through the different zoning of the plots without strict subdivision and the different approach to the use of cars. As a paradoxical response of future housing, I bring a return to tradition and customs similar to the village environment. Not only in connection with cultivation, poultry farming, escape from hecticness, but especially with an orientation towards real values and healthy relationships, which can be mediated precisely by participatory housing.
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Archaic, Traditional Law and Modern Commercial Law: A Study of Their Comparisons
Ledvinka, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Brezina, Peter (referee)
The old anthropological question of the comparison between an archaic or traditional commercial law on one hand and a modern commercial law on the other is revisited using a conceptualization of an empirical study of legal comparisons performed within the real decision-making processes at work in the current Czech justice system. Commercial law is represented by a single legal institution - the law of reciprocity (comitas gentium) - which regulates the cooperation between various legal authorities and legal systems potentially entangled in cross-border commercial disputes. The reader is first introduced to the context and evidence-dependency of any legal comparison ranging from the representation of law and feud in Yemen at an asylum trial, to the legal systems regulating exchange contracts in Afghanistan involving cross-border disputes. The idea of comparing legal systems as two autonomous social units is abandoned in favor of the study of the comparative practices of a small population of Czech legal authorities, which furnishes readers with plenty of questions about the social organization of legal cognition. The dissertation refrains from drawing final conclusions using legal comparisons, instead it focuses on the limitations and barriers of marshalling evidence (symbolic representations) of...
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Archaic, Traditional Law and Modern Commercial Law: A Study of Their Comparisons
Ledvinka, Tomáš ; Sokol, Jan (advisor) ; Kandert, Josef (referee) ; Brezina, Peter (referee)
The old anthropological question of the comparison between an archaic or traditional commercial law on one hand and a modern commercial law on the other is revisited using a conceptualization of an empirical study of legal comparisons performed within the real decision-making processes at work in the current Czech justice system. Commercial law is represented by a single legal institution - the law of reciprocity (comitas gentium) - which regulates the cooperation between various legal authorities and legal systems potentially entangled in cross-border commercial disputes. The reader is first introduced to the context and evidence-dependency of any legal comparison ranging from the representation of law and feud in Yemen at an asylum trial, to the legal systems regulating exchange contracts in Afghanistan involving cross-border disputes. The idea of comparing legal systems as two autonomous social units is abandoned in favor of the study of the comparative practices of a small population of Czech legal authorities, which furnishes readers with plenty of questions about the social organization of legal cognition. The dissertation refrains from drawing final conclusions using legal comparisons, instead it focuses on the limitations and barriers of marshalling evidence (symbolic representations) of...
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Altruism in economics: Does purely unselfish altruism exists?
Tobiášová, Magdaléna ; Stroukal, Dominik (advisor) ; Chytilová, Helena (referee)
The thesis deals with altruism and searches for the existence of its purely unselfish form in economic theory by exploring the motives of altruism and works with the hypothesis that all altruistic behavior is motivated by altruists own utility. It focuses primarily on the economic theory of altruism and the blending of neoclassical economics, which deals with the rational behavior of economic subjects with the definition of altruism as irrational behavior. To develop the phenomenon of altruism from the point of view of economic theory, it also deals with altruism in the theory of games. This alternative approach describes altruism as reciprocal behavior and accesses it through relational goods.
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Utilization of experimental games' methods in the study of cooperation, altruism and fairness and their biological predictors
Nováková, Julie ; Flegr, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Lindová, Jitka (referee)
Cooperative, altruistic and fairness-exhibiting behavior is an important topic in evolutionary and behavioral biology and the mechanisms leading to its evolution, ultimate as well as proximate precursors, are subject of much research in biological as well as social sciences, theoretical as well as experimental work. In light of the life history theory, I focused on the connection of one's health state and cooperative behavior in humans and tested the hypothesis that more healthy individuals would manifest more cooperative tendencies (as they would have more opportunities of future interactions and long-term benefits), and conversely. The data, obtained from a sample of university students engaged in experimental games (Dictator Game, Ultimatum Game, Expanded Ultimatum Game, Trust Game, and Reversed Dictator Game) and a health and personality-focused questionnaire, did not corroborate this hypothesis. My other hypotheses - that better memory and lower temporal discounting would be related to more cooperative behavior (stemming from the conditions for reciprocal cooperation) - were supported by the data, albeit only partially in the case of memory. I also used the data from the five experimental games to briefly describe the proportions of different types of behavior (self-regarding, altruistic,...
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The I-Thou relationship of Martin Buber and its radicalization by Emmanuel Levinas
Kroupová, Dana ; Noble, Ivana (advisor) ; Fischer, Ondřej (referee)
In this thesis I explore the relation in Buber's and Levinas's understanding. Both of these Jew philosophers endeavoured to describe an essence of genuine dialogue and both saw in dialogue the word that turns to a Thou, the primal deed of spirit. Nevertheless in spite of these similarities there are also a differences in their understanding of a dynamics within the genuine dialogue. Whereas Buber talks about a reciprocity in such a relation Levinas asserts that there is an asymmetry there and therefore he radicalizes Buber's conception and responsibility towards the other. In the first part of my thesis I focus on important influences on Buber's and Levinas' lives and introduce a "poetics" of their understanding of a genuine dialogue based particularly on their main piece of work: Buber's I and Thou and Levinas's Totality and Infinity. Although there was a communication between these two thinkers according to some philosophers it often exhibited a lack of dialogue and a failure to understand each other. Therefore I outline the similarities and differences in detail in the final chapters. Keywords Buber, Levinas, Rosenzweig, I - Thou relationship, face, reciprocity, asymmetry, responsibility, ethics, infinity
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Economic and social interaction during Normalization era - system of return services and barter exchange in non-cash market
Kříž, Štěpán ; Vaněk, Miroslav (advisor) ; Franc, Martin (referee)
The diploma thesis Economic and social interaction during Normalization era is is based on qualitative research. It deals with issues of system of return services and barter exchange in non - cash market in 1970's and 1980's in Czechoslovakia. The centrally planned economy was not able to produce enough consumer goods and meet the demand of the population. Employees, who worked in department stores, took easier approach to consumer goods than others. They excercised power over distribution and they traded some commodities for another services. As a research method applied is oral history. The primary sources used are narrative interview and secondary history literature.
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