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Targeted Killing as a Counterterrorism Instrument: Evaluating Impacts on The Islamic State and Al Qaeda
Štěpán, David ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
This study analyzes targeted killing as a counterterrorism instrument and evaluates its impacts on the Islamic State and al-Qaeda in two separate case studies, one analyzing the death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi while the other assesses the impact of the killing of Osama Bin Laden. The theory of leadership decapitation is applied in this thesis and the academic discourse on this theory is discussed. Additionally, moral and legal aspects of targeted killing are also briefly considered. The analysis combines a quantitative approach in the form of descriptive statistics of data regarding terrorist attacks with qualitative evaluation of other counterterrorism policies and political as well as societal aspects surrounding the operations. There are some general suggestions regarding leadership decapitation that are validated in this study. Various factors need to be considered when employing targeted killing in counterterrorism, such as the structure of the terrorist group as well as its age. This study presents evidence that targeted killing of high-ranking terrorist leaders is likely to increase the use of suicide bombing in the short-term period after leadership decapitation. It also points out evidence that there is no correlation between targeted killing and the decrease of casualties from terrorism....
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Conceptual approach of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Federal republic of Germany to Anti-terrorism legislation
Hajn, Ondřej ; Váška, Jan (advisor) ; Hornát, Jan (referee)
In the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks, the European counter-terrorism policy went through a series of major changes. In the thesis Conceptual approach of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Federal republic of Germany to Anti-terrorism legislation, the focus is given to the diverse approach of both, United Kingdom and Germany, towards the counter- terrorism laws in the period between 2001 and 2016. In the first section, the author is explaining difficulties with the explanation of term terrorism in each country. The body of the thesis is then divided into two sections. Each of the sections concentrates on three legislation changes within the listed period. The selection of these changes was based on their security, political and social relevance. Autor is also presenting the controversy around the described legislation changes. The primary aim of this thesis is to demonstrate the diverse approach to counter-terrorism laws. Keywords United Kingdom (UK), Germany, Terrorism, Counter-terrorism, Legislation, Laws, Approach
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Terrorism and its criminal aspects
Kořínek, Štěpán ; Jelínek, Jiří (advisor) ; Pelc, Vladimír (referee)
Resume The title of this rigorous thesis is Terrorism and its Criminal Aspects. The thesis is divided into four chapters, whereupon each chapter is telling about the phenomenon of terrorism in a different way. The first chapter focuses on the basis of terrorism and theoretical definitions of terrorism. It also contains historical views on universal theoretically doctrinal definitions of terrorism. It follows the components of the definitions of terrorism and its causes and consequences. This part also contains the classification of terrorism called typology. The second chapter will discuss the codification of terrorism in the field of criminal law in Czech Republic and Slovak Republic. There is an analysis of valid and efficient Czech and Slovak criminal codex, which contains a crime ,,teroristický útok'' and ,,terorizmus''. It also presents other criminal activities like cybercrime, economic crime, and violent crime. Especially cybercrime, also known as cyber criminality, entails a novum in criminal jurisprudence. Next part of this chapter is focused on selected instruments of criminal law to fight against terrorism like European arrest warrant, terrorist custody, European evidence order and others. Of course, it was unimaginable, hence impossible, to forget a sphere of international law and its relation...
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Limiting Factors of the European Union Counter-Terrorism Mechanisms
Pospíšil, Petr ; Weiss, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šlosarčík, Ivo (referee)
The basis, upon which this thesis has been built, are the two following trends: occurence of terrorist attacks in the EU and creation of new counter-terrorism institutions on the EU level. A frequency of both trends has been rising: the occurence of terrorist attacks on the EU territory has increased despite the closer cooperation in security and counter-terrorism area that can manifested by adopting new measures and designing new institutions. Therefore, the author asks a question: What factors are hindering a better functioning of the EU counter-terrorism mechanisms? The six most significant EU counter-terrorism institutions with exclusively or overwhelmingly counter-terrorism mandate is subjected to analysis. The respective limits of their functioning have been subsumed to a classification that was created by the author using the general institutional theory, in particular the theory of regimes. The attention is given to an interplay between the EU counter-terrorism bodies and their counterparts on the national level. In case of every institution that has been explored, the author evaluates the following criteria. Firstly, presence of a "patterned behaviour" in sense of cooperation between the national counter-terrorism bodies and the EU institutions. Secondly, a subjective perception of such...
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Israeli Precision Strikes after the Second Intifada: On Target or Missing the Mark?
Hawkins, Andrew ; Bureš, Oldřich (advisor) ; Hynek, Nikola (referee)
During the Second Intifada, Israel shocked the international community by becoming the first country in the world to publically announce an overt policy of targeted-killing. While utilized by Israel in previous conflicts, the Second Intifada was a turning point in Israeli history due to a series of dramatic changes introduced to its targeting policy which would sharply contrast those which were previously utilized. This diploma thesis analyzed thirty-eight cases of Israeli targeting operations conducted both before and during the Second Intifada to determine if the changes made to its policy during the Second Intifada resulted in more or less successful targeting operations compared to those conducted prior to this time period. The results of this study indicated that, following the introduction of the aforementioned policy changes, Israeli targeting operations during the Second Intifada were less successful than those conducted prior to this time period.
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URN - Rapid Response Unit: Counterterrorists' Perception of their Enemies and its Relation to the Czech Security Policy
Hladík, Jan ; Jireš, Jan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
The presented bachelor thesis discusses the Útvar rychlého nasazení (URN) - Rapid Response Unit of the Czech Police as a specific counterterrorist unit. The main aim of this thesis is to describe the position of the unit in the context of Czech strategic interests, as well as give an in-depth analysis of the meaning of this special force with reference to the social contract - the Czech Constitution. Firstly a model of innovative terrorism and a terrorist was developed, followed by the development of an anti-model of antiterrorism and an antiterrorist. The relationship between those opposite models is then described along with their implications. Based on the aforementioned research, a dynamic model was created which was used to carry out qualitative research with members of the URN in order to test the model. Various interviews, participatory observations and consultations were used to collect data. Based on an analysis of the results, the need for implementing an innovative mechanism of counterterrorism measurements and policies is recommended. Key words: Útvar rychlého nasazení; Rapid Response Unit; URN; URNA; terrorism; political violence; counterterrorism; antiterrorism; special forces; counterterrorist force; terrorist; antiterrorist; Czech Republic; security policy; security system; Iraq;...
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The progress of terrorism with the specialization in conventional terrorism
BREHOVSKÁ, Lenka
What does terrorism mean? It is a kind of organised violence against the people who do not fight among these victims are usualy women, small children, old people. I mean the people that are not able to protect themselves. The main aim for terrorists is to became ``famous``. Roots of terrorism we can find already in the past. The main reason for comiting terrorism are etnic, religious, political and ekonomical problemes in the society. We used to call as ideological terrorism. Terrorism has changed after the Cold War ended in 1990. The ideological one became less common but we can find it for example in Cuba, KLDR, than the terms as religious and national terrorism apeared. We can find it all around the world, especially Irak, Afganistan and namy others. After the tragical events in the USA terrorism became an international problem. We can see that the terroristic attacks became more often since the year 2001. Whit developing new waepons terrorism is every day more dangerous Terrorism is an international problem and we have to cooperate against it. Many states and organizations as OSN or NATO create antiterrorist formation. The Czech republic also takes part in this fight agains violence and cruelty. There are two big antiterrorist formation in the Czech republic. Police formation URNA and army formation SOG. There are for example GSG-9 in Germany, Alfa in Russian, Delta in USA or SAS in Great Britain in the world. Its main assigments are prevention and suppression of terrorists activites. There are many kinds of terrorism in the world. The main are International terrorism, Criminal terrorism, Conventional terrorism, Superterrorism, Elektronic terrorism or Nuclear one.
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