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Image fusion within prostate biopsy
ŽŮČEK, David
This study deals with the use of image fusion within prostate biopsy, which is a method used for several decades, which serves to accurately capture pathological findings in the prostate, primarily prostate cancer. The combination of imaging modalities, which are magnetic resonance and intracavitary ultrasonography, is used to guide the biopsy. The aim of the study was to study the unusual situation where one and the same radiological team performs both procedures at the same time. Procedures from which the prostate biopsy methodology guided by image fusion is formed. Subsequently, we established a hypothesis that specific benefits can be found when the same doctor and radiology assistant perform both procedures. Procedures which consists of image fusion of magnetic resonance imaging and intracavitary ultrasonography, which guide the prostate biopsy of the same patient. The methodology of the theoretical part was the study of mostly foreign professional medical articles and literature and the subsequent use of the information to clarify the described method. In the practical part, the output data of physical examination of 59 patients were processed with the use of ROC analysis and then compared with two foreign studies to verify the established hypothesis. The data were provided by Mr. MUDr. Zdeněk Chudáček Ph.D. The results of the ROC analysis and its comparison with foreign studies confirmed the hypothesis, and therefore the presence of specific advantages of the studied unusual situation of performing a prostate biopsy in the way determined at the beginning of this study. The results of this study will be used in a broader journal publication, which aims to bring the issue of this study to the professional radiological public.
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The communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic
Steinbergerová, Zuzana ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis Communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic presents international nonprofit organization which focuses on men's health. The first part of thesis focuses on history of the organization and its missions. The thesis continues with a chapter in which is explained the role of marketing in nonprofit organizations then marketing goals in the organization are defined. The next part of the thesis is concentrated on communication strategy of the organization in the Czech Republic. This part also analyzes who are target audiences and defines competitors among other nonprofit organizations within the same area of interest. Furthermore this chapter presents communication activities in two time periods: 2009- 2012 and 2013-2015 and analyses them. The next part concerns author's own research, which will reveal awareness of the organization in the Czech Republic. Moreover research will show if Czechs consider the organization as trustworthy institution or not. In addition to that, research will disclose if the organization was successful in terms of increasing the awareness of male's cancer during the 7- year-period of its presence in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the thesis recommends how Movember Foundation can improve its...
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Physiological and pathophysiological role of GCPII in the body
Sedlák, František ; Konvalinka, Jan (advisor) ; Klener, Pavel (referee) ; Smetana, Karel (referee)
Glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII) is a metalloprotease responsible for cleaving the neurotransmitter N-acetyl-aspartyl-glutamate in the central nervous system to N-acetyl aspartate and glutamate. At the same time, in the human small intestine, it facilitates folate absorption by cleaving γ-linked glutamate from folyl-poly-γ-glutamate. In humans, GCPII is also expressed in a number of other organs (e.g., kidney and prostate) and tumors, where its physiological function is unknown. In an attempt to characterize the physiological function of the enzyme, we first characterized the commercially available monoclonal antibodies against GCPII. Further, we developed a fully synthetic replacement based on a hydrophilic polymer with bound GCPII inhibitors. We evaluated the suitability of using a murine biomodel to study GCPII function in vivo. We found the difference in GCPII expression profile in mouse and human. We did not observe GCPII in either the mouse prostate or small intestine. To assess physiological and pathophysiological functions of the enzyme we analyzed a GCPII-deficient mouse model. Apart from the observation of enlarged seminal vesicles in older males, we did not detect any other obvious phenotype. Similarly, we confirmed that GCPII cannot cleave amyloid peptides (Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42)....
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Metabolismus sarkosinu a nádorová onemocnění prostaty =: Sarcosine metabolism and prostate cancer disease /
Strmiska, Vladislav
Prostate carcinoma is one of the most frequent cancer diseases of maturated men. Diagnose of this cancer disease is based on level of prostatic specific antigen and digital exam per rectum. However, presence of tumor, grade and stage must be examined by biopsy. This method may not to be accurate. This is the reason why are new diagnostic methods investigated, to increase the accuracy of diagnostic prostate cancer. Amino acid sarcosine is currently on of the most widely discussed biomarker, that can serve as a diagnostic biomarker for early stage detection in prostate cancer. The present work deals with the study of sarcosine metabolism in prostate cancer cell lines, mainly, but also by amino acid metabolism in cells in general. Understanding to importance of single amino acids in malignant and non-malignant cell pathways can significantly contribute to effective targeted therapy without side effect on healthy tissue. Prostate cancer cells in presence of sarcosine increase their migration potential, malignancy by increased doubling time, and concentration of sarcosine N-demethylation enzymes, sarcosine dehydrogenase and sarcosine oxidase. Through this biochemical pathway is increased synthesis of main methylation donor S-adenosilmethyonine (SAM) ad cellular methylation potential.
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The role of BK polyomavirus in human cancer
Cirbusová, Adéla ; Saláková, Martina (advisor) ; Šroller, Vojtěch (referee)
BK polyomavirus is small uncoated DNA virus which is ubiquitous in human population. In imunosupresed individuals can cause severe diseases, specifically BK polyomavirus associated nephropathy (BKVaN) and hemoragic cystitidis. Except that, it is presumed that BKV may be responsible for some cases of human cancer. Some features of BKV could support this idea. There are three encoded oncoproteins in BKV genome. BKV is oncogenic in rodents, where induces multiple types of tumors and it can transform cell lines as well. Moreover, BKV DNA was found in many types of human cancer. All these facts suggest a possible role of BKV in human cancer. Bladder carcinoma in pacients after transplatation and prostate adenocarcinoma are the most likely candidates to link with BKV participation. There is no complete evidence though. Therefore, future studies are necessary to proof or even exclude BKV as a possible cause of human cancer. key words: BKV, cancer, LTag, prostate, bladder
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The possibilities of education in the prevention of incontinence after prostate surgery
ČEŠKOVÁ, Jana
The goal of the work is to ensure a safe feeling for the patient in preoperative preparation so that it can cooperate more actively in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. Another goal of the work is to create an educational material intended for patients with planned prostate surgery. The research was carried out by a qualitative method using questioning in the form of interviews. One group of patients was educated according to the custom of the department and the other group was edited using a brochure. When searching for the respondents, patients were approached by the patients of the Písek hospital. Data analysis was carried out by the hand-coded method, also referred to as the paper and pencil method. The results can be divided into four areas according to which research question they apply. The first part of the results provided information that if the patient is subjectively well informed, we will ensure active co-operation in the prevention of incontinence in the postoperative period. In the second question, we investigated whether the lack of information has an impact on the feeling of safety and security. This has also been confirmed. The third area gave the answer to whether the patient is satisfied if he feels time pressure during reception. The majority of men were unsatisfied with the time pressure. The fourth area assessed the suitability of education through a brochure and according to the practice of the department in the success of the preventive measure of postoperative incontinence. The men who used the brochure were aware of the possible complication and its prevention. The work provides a comprehensive view of the issue of education in prevention of incontinence after prostate surgery. The output of this work is an information brochure for patients of the urological ambulance. Results of the research are used to improve the educational process in patients coming for surgery of the prostate.
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The communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic
Steinbergerová, Zuzana ; Shavit, Anna (advisor) ; Klimeš, David (referee)
The bachelor thesis Communication Strategy of Nonprofit Organization Movember Foundation in the Czech Republic presents international nonprofit organization which focuses on men's health. The first part of thesis focuses on history of the organization and its missions. The thesis continues with a chapter in which is explained the role of marketing in nonprofit organizations then marketing goals in the organization are defined. The next part of the thesis is concentrated on communication strategy of the organization in the Czech Republic. This part also analyzes who are target audiences and defines competitors among other nonprofit organizations within the same area of interest. Furthermore this chapter presents communication activities in two time periods: 2009- 2012 and 2013-2015 and analyses them. The next part concerns author's own research, which will reveal awareness of the organization in the Czech Republic. Moreover research will show if Czechs consider the organization as trustworthy institution or not. In addition to that, research will disclose if the organization was successful in terms of increasing the awareness of male's cancer during the 7- year-period of its presence in the Czech Republic. The last chapter of the thesis recommends how Movember Foundation can improve its...
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Antitumor immunotherapy of prostate carcinoma
Kobosilová, Linda ; Špíšek, Radek (advisor) ; Šmahel, Michal (referee)
The progressiveness in basic immunology is leading to a better comprehension of the interaction between the immune system and tumours. It arouses the interest in the use of the immune system in cancer treatment. Preclinical and clinical studies of the antitumour immunotherapy report promising results of several tested substances. These results also illustrate the basic operating principles of the immune system. The best illustration of the hopes put into antitumour immunotherapy is a recent approval of a substance for prostate cancer treatment called Sipuleucel-T by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA). This work summarizes recent findings in the development of strategies for the antitumour immunotherapy of prostate cancer, but most of these findings and strategies are applicable for other types of cancer as well.
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