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Specific theories of private property in the economic thought of XIX century: the Manifesto of the Communist Party versus Rerum Novarum
Šárková, Kristýna ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares the Catholic and Marxist understanding of private property as expressed in Rerum Novarum and the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The situation of the lowest class had demeaned during the 19th century to such a level that a large part of society had to face an existential crisis. A continually decreasing wage, alarming working conditions, the non-existence of social security and a high unemployment rate were characteristic for the 19th century. With the rise of mechanical production women and children started playing an active part in the working process, thus escalating the competition on the labour market. Karl Marx's solution written down in the Manifesto was based on abolishing private property and allocating it under collective keeping. On the contrary, the Catholic Church insisted on maintaining private property and emphasized solidarity among social classes. The Church's reaction to the condition of the lowest class and the growing support of communism in Europe was formulated in the first social encyclical Rerum Novarum. The thesis compares both views involved through describing the historical background and understanding of property. The rest of the work deals with a more detailed analysis of the Catholic point of view, followed by a discussion of the application and...
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Message and relationship of social thoughts of Bernard Bolzano and Charles Fourier
Krpálková, Soňa ; Bendl, Stanislav (advisor) ; Syřiště, Ivo (referee)
This work presents the personality and work of two thinkers, Bernard Bolzan and Charles Fourier. It focuses on their social ideas, so it looks mainly at their side of social utopians. It compares their views on the ideal organization of human society. It also pays attention to teaching and education in their conception, moreover, with reflection in relation to today. The aim is also to map the initial conditions of each of the thinkers, material, family, ideological, historically contemporary. At the very beginning, the work places all this in the context of historical development and subsequently in social theories. After an overview of developments and social theories, he introduces the topic of social utopianism and introduces two other important utopians - Saint-Simon and Robert Owen. Then the personality and work of Bernard Bolzan, followed by Charles Fourier, are introduced. The following is a comparison of the relevant categories for both thinkers, representing the degree of overlap of their common features. Then there is a chapter focused on education and training with an overlap to the present. The work shows that social utopianism is characterized by ignorance of socio-economic development and insufficient processing of a specific way of implementing the social establishment. These elements also...
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Specific theories of private property in the economic thought of XIX century: the Manifesto of the Communist Party versus Rerum Novarum
Šárková, Kristýna ; Vyhnánek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Skuhrovec, Jiří (referee)
The bachelor thesis compares the Catholic and Marxist understanding of private property as expressed in Rerum Novarum and the Manifesto of the Communist Party. The situation of the lowest class had demeaned during the 19th century to such a level that a large part of society had to face an existential crisis. A continually decreasing wage, alarming working conditions, the non-existence of social security and a high unemployment rate were characteristic for the 19th century. With the rise of mechanical production women and children started playing an active part in the working process, thus escalating the competition on the labour market. Karl Marx's solution written down in the Manifesto was based on abolishing private property and allocating it under collective keeping. On the contrary, the Catholic Church insisted on maintaining private property and emphasized solidarity among social classes. The Church's reaction to the condition of the lowest class and the growing support of communism in Europe was formulated in the first social encyclical Rerum Novarum. The thesis compares both views involved through describing the historical background and understanding of property. The rest of the work deals with a more detailed analysis of the Catholic point of view, followed by a discussion of the application and...
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Comparison of Czech and Polish transformation of property rights during economic transition
Kricner, Jakub ; Vostrovská, Zdenka (advisor) ; Petrášek, František (referee)
At the beginning of the 1990's, a crucial systemic change took place in the Eastern Europe at that time -- and that was a changeover from a planned to a market economy. This thesis aims at the comparison of one of the very basic cornerstones of this economic transition -- the transformation of property rights from the state to the private ownership. In the theoretical part, a factual change of ownership in Czechoslovakia and Poland will be compared: the arrangement of institutional conditions, strategies, methods and the actual course of the property rights change during the years 1989 -- 1993 till the break-up of the federation. The analytical part focuses on the analysis of the property rights change in both countries with a special emphasis on their common and also distinct features (a diverse rate of privatization etc.), which were given by different initial conditions in those two countries. This part also deals with the consequences and evaluation of the conditions that both of the analyzed countries prepared for the development of a market economy. The main aim of the thesis is to compare the efficiency of two essentially unlike approaches to the change of property rights. The partial goal is to describe the development and time discrepancy of institutions and working of real economic processes, particularly in relation to a capital market. The consequences of either delayed or timely birth of significant institutions will also be evaluated.
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Czechoslovak political and economic transformation in view of institutional economics theories
Kuchař, Pavel ; Lehmannová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Lipka, David (referee)
The diploma thesis looks into the matter of political and economic transformation of Czechoslovakia and Czech Republic through lenses of institutional economics theories. It claims that the transformation measures did not consider the social embeddedness within cultural and historical limitations. The first part of the paper defines the methodology of institutional economics based mainly on Ronald Coase's and Oliver Williamson's work. The following part aims to draw an image of historical and political context of Czechoslovak transformation. The compatibility of conditions, goals and means of the transformation is being considered in the third part. Finally, the work structures and evaluates World Bank's data set that forms an important part of endogenous influences of institutionalisation. The conclusion judges the outcome of political and economical transformation rather critically.
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Analysis of expropriation of private property in the public interest in the Czech Republic
Kubínková, Martina ; Slavíková, Lenka (advisor) ; Vejchodská, Eliška (referee)
Diploma thesis analyses the institute of expropriation as a significant intervention to the property right of private subjects. The first chapter attends to different forms of property and tries to find the reasons for existence of public domains. The next part deals with the conception of public interest and approaches to this conception. The chapter about the legislature resumes the most important items of the Law of Expropriation and other laws relating to this question. In the fourth chapter are described cases of expropriation for different reasons in the Czech Republic. The last part analyses described cases, criteria for the comparing are the legal conditions for expropriation: public interest, effort to agreement with the owner and compensation of expropriation. The analysis comes to the conclusion that the biggest problem is insufficient legislature of the institute of expropriation.
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Privatizace městského bytového fondu v Havlíčkově Brodu
Šulc, Petr ; Krebs, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Hermann, Tomáš (referee)
Cílem diplomové práce je přiblížit čtenáři vývoj a základní charakteristiky koncepce bytové politiky ČR a dále pak způsob jakým vznikl městský bytový fond. Čtenáři této práce by měli pochopit právní koncepci privatizace obecních bytů a její aplikaci na konkrétním případu privatizace bytového fondu v Havlíčkově Brodu, kterou zde uvádím včetně jejího zhodnocení. V poslední kapitole se budu věnovat vyhodnocení výsledků dotazníků, které jsem získal na základě výběrového šetření od dotazovaného spektra lidí, jichž se privatizace týkala. Na jeho základě ověřím pomocí statistické metody Chí-kvadrat test logické hypotézy stanovené na základních ekonomických úvahách a všeobecně známých skutečnostech.
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