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Impact of Population Policies on Economic Development
Kaneko, Shinya ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hejlová, Hana (referee)
Within the presented thesis, the issue on the impact of population policy types and economic development is investigated using econometric regression analysis on an unbalanced data panel of 188 countries during the period of 2000 to 2014. The key development of the existing econometric model is the adoption of population policy indicator variables according to the type of population policy (pronatal, antinatal, maintain and no intervention). The aim of this thesis is to show the significance and positive or negative correlation of population policy dummy variables with the use of representative datasets, which were selected according to empirical research. Additionally, the same model is also conducted for different groups of countries, (more developed, less developed and least developed) so as to examine the outcome according to the level of development. Consequently, short term negative effect of pronatalistic and maintaining population policy on GDP per capita is demonstrated. On contrary, regressions on different groups of countries validates no significant evidence on policy dummy variables.
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Population policy in China
Čadyová, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Population policy in China Abstract This thesis concerns the topic of population policy in China, focusing on the one-child policy. It describes the development of these policies and then deals with the research questions themselves. First of all the thesis describes the process of the fertility decrease in China in connection with the population policy since the 50s of the 20th century. This part of the thesis results in the findings that the largest fertility decrease occurred in the 70s of the 20th century as a consequence of the population policy measures. It was even before the implementation of the one-child policy in 1979, even though this also had a significant impact on the fertility. The one-child policy, amongst low fertility, has also brought some negative effects including accelerated demographic aging, increased sex ratio at birth, the phenomenon of "little emperors", more difficult situation for parents who lost their only child, etc. The thesis also compares the population policy of China and other Asian countries with similar trends in fertility. This part of the thesis results in the finding that similar fertility limitation can be handled by a milder way than it was in the case of China. Keywords: China, population policy, fertility, one-child policy
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Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China
Papřoková, Petra ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Analysis of fertility decline in Vietnam in the context of population policy and in comparison with China Abstract Vietnam was unified in 1976 after a 20-year war which left the country devastated. Since that time, Vietnam has experienced dynamic population changes. The Government has introduced an interesting population policy with successful programs. From the end of the 80s until the beginning of the 21st century, Vietnam experienced a huge decline in fertility, one of the most significant in the world. Today, total fertility rate fluctuates around replacement level. This thesis analyzes changes in fertility in Vietnam in the context of implementing population policy. Furthermore, it compares fertility decline and population policy influence with the situation in China, where a similar policy has been applied. Keywords: Vietnam, China, population policy, fertility decline, induced abortions
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Comparison of baby boom in the 1970s and in the 2000s in the Czech Republic
Oplatková, Barbora ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Fialová, Ludmila (referee)
Comparison of baby boom in the 1970s and in the 2000s in the Czech Republic Abstract We could have registered two significant periods of sudden growth of live-born children in the Czech Republic after year 1945, in the 1970s and in the 2000s. The main aim of this thesis is to compare the periods of baby-boom in 1969-1979 and 2001-2011. The population policy and population climate was compared. The indicators of fertility were counted using demographic analysis methods. The indicators helped identify the process of baby-booms. The improvement of financial and housing situation of young families in both periods had the main influence on the growth of live-born children. The growth of natality was mainly influenced by the increased number of young women in reproduction age. The results confirmed that the well targeted population policy can improve the population climate and subsequently increase the growth of live-born children. Keywords: baby boom, population policy, population climate, fertility, the Czech Republic
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Opinions of teens on the issues of seniors
Kosová, Magdaléna ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
English abstract The thesis deals with the theoretical and the practical level, the views of adolescents on the issues of the elderly. Represents the characteristics of adolescence and its stages. Describes the basic physical, psychological, emotional and social changes of adolescence and their impact on this age period. Subsequently defines old age, aging, elderly, and the phase of old age. With regard to the stage of old age outlines the basic physical, psychological, and social changes in the period of old age. The third chapter focuses on the issue of the views and attitudes of the society on the elderly and the factors, which affects them. The fourth chapter describes the opinions and attitudes of adolescents to the elderly and the factors which influence. The third and the fourth chapter is enhanced by research with this issue. The final chapter consists of the research of the investigation describing the views of adolescents to the elderly. Research survey consists of ten lines with the selected issues of the elderly, dealing with the characteristics of the elderly, the expectations and concerns of the elderly, the advantages and disadvantages of the elderly, the work of the elderly, care for the elderly, living with seniors, the situation of today's older people benefit from contact with the senior...
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Demography of Japan and its Impact on Japanese Family
Dubeňová, Kristína ; Sýkora, Jan (advisor) ; Labus, David (referee)
DUBEŇOVÁ, Kristína. 2013. Demography of Japan and its impact on Japanese family [Bachelor thesis] Kristína Dubeňová - Charles University in Prague. - Faculty of Arts, Institute of Far East. - Supervisor: Doc. Ing. Jan Sýkora, M.A., - Prague: UK, 2013. 52 p. The work focuses on the demographics of early modern Japan up to the present times and its impact on the development of the Japanese family. The basic aim of this work is to highlight the major social problems of family life, mainly arising from the population development of the country, such as delayed entry into marriage, parenthood postponement, prolongation of young people living together with their parents, or the increase in divorce rates. The analysis of these phenomena is provided by the study of two closely related areas such as demographics of Japan and the structure of the Japanese family . To the nearest and najobjektívnejšieho view this thesis has been developed by a number of materials that directly address this issue and provides the reader with a detailed summary of theoretical issues. Keywords Demographic transition, Structure of the Japanese family, Population ageing, Birth rate decline
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The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965
Křesťanová, Jana ; Kocourková, Jiřina (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The effect of population policy in Czechoslovakia on fertility in the period of 1950 to 1965 Abstract The main aim of this thesis is to describe the implemented measures of the population policy in Czechoslovakia between 1950 and 1965 and analyze their effect on fertility and on the other components of the population development in its context. The effectiveness of the population policy in this thesis is evaluated on the basis of identified patterns of development of fertility, abortion, marriages and divorce. Most of the adopted measures were not effective, because they had not been forestalled with any solutions to the problems such as unsatisfactory standards of living, high female employment, a lack of knowledge of the methods of modern contraception, and insufficient development of public services, which were completely affecting the population climate. The greatest impact on women's fertility was the approval of the abortion act, which resulted in decrease of number of births. The second significant intervention of population policy appears between 1963 and 1964 by pledging to prolong maternity leave. The fertility increased, but just for a short time. Overall character of the population policy was ineffective. Keywords: Population Policy, Population Climate, Fertility, The Abortion Act, Czechoslovakia
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The development of fertility in the context of populationpolicies in the Netherlands during the period from 1963 to 2006
Kratochvíl, Martin ; Kučera, Tomáš (advisor) ; Kurtinová, Olga (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to describe the development of fertility in the Netherlands during the last half-century and look at it in the context of Dutch population policies in that period. Fertility is represented by the period total fertility rate and some other selected indicators relate to population policies. The second demographic transition theory provides this work with a theoretical basis. The core of the work consists of statistical data analysis, which purpose is to discover and statistically confirm the relationship between the period total fertility rate and population policy mesures implemented by the Dutch governments. Methods used are time series analysis, factor analysis and elements of regression analysis. It was concluded that the influence of most variables on the period total fertility rate cannot be statistically proven. The only indicator that is at least partly related to the period total fertility rate is ratio of female to male hourly wages. The results of this thesis show that the changes in gender equality presumably influence fertility the most.
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Economic consequences of China's One-child policy
Letko, Roman ; Bartůsková, Lucia (advisor) ; Pavlíček, Tomáš (referee)
The objective of this diploma thesis is to describe and to complexly evaluate Chinas one child policy from its introduction in 1979 till its abandonment in 2015. Theoretical part of thesis offers a detailed description of the policy, its application in real life, circumstances and aims that led to the implementation of the policy. Applied part of thesis analyses its effect on the fertility rate, population growth and economic growth. According to the results of this analysis one child policy helped to decline Chinas fertility rate and population growth, however its impact is just partial. The decline of Chinese population growth then contributed to the economic growth; my estimate is that it composed 40 % of average annual growth of real GDP per capita. One child policy is also responsible for raising sex ratio and ageing of population in China. These demographic problems let to its replacement by two child policy that probably wont solve these problems.
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Similarities and differences of family behavior in international comparison
Lončíková, Kateřina ; Nývlt, Ondřej (advisor) ; Cséfalvaiová, Kornélia (referee)
The thesis deals with development and changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic and selected European countries. First, the thesis explains the concepts of population and family policy. There are big differences how the definitions are viewed in case of these concepts and the relationship of population policy and family policy. Some authors consider population and family policy as identical, other authors strictly separate those two. Another part describes the changes in family behavior in the Czech Republic after 1989. The key part of this thesis is contained in the third chapter. It deals with development and description of the first selected demographic indicators characterizing the family behavior, then the indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data. All indicators are monitored in 21 European countries including the Czech Republic. Based on the data received I created cluster analysis for each group of indicators(i.e. for Demographic indicators describing the family behavior and for indicators describing the family behavior based on LFS and SILC data).
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