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Child trafficking in the western region of Ghana: perception and views of community members in selected towns
Mensah, Ishmael
ABSTRACT Child trafficking unquestionably jeopardizes individual human rights, national security, and international stability. The general objective of this study was to investigate the perceptions and views of child trafficking in some selected communities in Western Region of Ghana. To choose a total sample size of 100 respondents for the study, a multistage selection methodology that uses cluster, stratified, and purposive sampling approaches was used. In some cases, the snowballing sample method was employed to determine some respondents, particularly trafficked victims, because the issue under inquiry is sensitive. The major research tools utilized to collect data from the respondents were an unstructured interview guide and a self-administered questionnaire. Few governmental entities have clear policies on child trafficking, according to the study's findings. The survey also found that the Western Region's mining and rural areas were both the origin and the destination of child trafficking. It was also shown that due to a lack of technical and logistical resources, the stakeholders have little influence over the prevention of child trafficking. It was consequently advised that since mining, agricultural, and fishing communities were the primary sites of child trafficking in the Western Region, it would be advisable for important stakeholders including the police, chiefs and opinion leaders, and NGOs to double their efforts in these areas.
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Comparison of the Approach to Human Trafficking for the Purpose of Sexual Exploitation in the Czech and Slovak Republics
Martincová, Kateřina ; Jelínková, Marie (advisor) ; Frič, Pavol (referee)
This bachelor's thesis focuses on the issue of sex trafficking in the Czech and Slovak Republics from the division of Czechoslovakia to the present. The aim of the thesis is to compare the development of both republics in the fight against this crime and emphasize the differences in their approaches to this issue. The thesis analyzes the main actors dealing with sex trafficking in both republics, namely the state sector and the non-profit sector. It examines how the policy regarding human trafficking operates in these republics and the level of cooperation between the non-profit sector and the state sector. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with the theory of comparison and various comparative approaches used to compare both republics. It also addresses problematic factors that may influence the results of the comparison. The practical part of the thesis employs a mixed-method approach and gathers data through semi-structured interviews with experts on the subject. The research has shown that there are significant differences between the two republics. The main difference lies in the relationship between the ministry and the non-profit sector in the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic, which subsequently influences the state of laws and policies in these areas. At the same time, the...
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The socioeconomic implications of human trafficking in Ghana
Yorke, Isaac Elliot
Background: Globalization has prompted the decrease and fading of boundaries among nations, thus facilitating the movement of merchandise, administrations, assets, and work. This has escalated transnational violations, for example, human trafficking. Human trafficking has predominantly been based on forced labour, sex work, organ harvesting, and other heinous acts. Prior to international drug smuggling, it has been one of the most lucrative transnational crimes. The continent of Africa is home to a significant fraction of the world’s youth population whose economies are unable to absorb the majority into an active workforce. Thus, this may have an impact on the prevalence of people trafficking in African civilizations. Niger, Burkina Faso, Mali, Nigeria, Gabon, Ghana, Benin, Guinea-Bissau, and Togo are the main human trafficking hotspots, with women and young people being the most susceptible. Objective: The study's objective is to examine the socioeconomic implications of human trafficking in Ghana, with a focus on the Ashanti region's Asokore Mampong district. Method: Using a qualitative cross-sectional approach, the study was carried out in the Ashanti region of Ghana's Asokore Mampong municipal district. The study relied on primary data sources from 42 police and immigration services and the vision organizations in the Asokore Mampong municipality. Interviews were also collected from four families with relatives who have been previous victims of human trafficking. The purposive sampling technique was employed to draft specific respondents who were then interviewed. The snowballing method was used to select families with human trafficking victims. A qualitative procedure was utilized to break down the information using Atlas. ti software. A descriptive method of data analysis was employed in the information presented after the data analysis. Results: The study found that some of the socioeconomic effects of human trafficking in the municipality included loss of income, feeling of embarrassment, property, missing or deceased relatives, and debt. According to the survey, child trafficking and domestic slavery of women in the Gulf States account for 40% and 60%, respectively, of the incidents of human trafficking in the Asokore Mampong municipal region. The primary challenges in the battle against human trafficking among the institutions include the absence or limited logistics for operations, inadequate funds, and insufficient staffing among the police and immigration services. Conclusion: The study has shown that human trafficking is prevalent in the Asokore Mampong municipality. However, the security institutions in the municipality are less equipped to tackle cases of trafficking Keywords: child labour, crime, Gulf state, Human trafficking, migration, socioeconomic, victim,
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Issues in organized crime
Fiala, Adam ; Fiala, Miloš (advisor) ; Vilášek, Josef (referee)
Name: Issues in organized crime Aims of the thesis: 1. To define and classify organized crime 2. To describe historical development of organized crime 3. To analyze organized crime in the states where its presence has become evident i.e. Italy, USA, Russia and Japan 4. To characterize the main activities of organized crime 5. To define the means of fighting organized crime Methods: When analyzing organized crime, it is impossible to use research methods that would comprise direct contact with a criminal environment. Indirect evidence was used to compile the thesis. Methods of research: 1. The use of information from publications 2. Analysis of documents 3. Research into selected legal means of fighting organized crime 4. Content analysis of the press 5. Statistics Results: Various views on organized crime, its features and its typology have been defined. Its causes and the conditions under which organized crime arises, as well as its beginnings, were described. Findings about organized crime in selected countries were analyzed; attention was drawn to history, the present day and occurrences and activities of the main organized groups. The main activities of organized crime were described in four groups, focusing on their description, organization and the legal issues. Eventually, possible means of...
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A construction of human trafficking in the Czech Republic
Černá, Steffi ; Střítecký, Vít (advisor) ; Ludvík, Jan (referee)
This thesis deals with the construction of human trafficking in the Czech Republic. It presumes that human trafficking is not an objective problem that can be accurately quantified and described, but that there are discourse types which are used by actors to frame the topic. I have identified four discourse types: human trafficking as organized crime, human trafficking as migration, human trafficking as prostitution and human trafficking as forced labour. The main actors in this field use the various types of securitization to present the theme of human trafficking. I also use the securitization approach described by Claudia Aradau, like is politics of pity and politics of risk. This thesis asks questions, who are the main actors in this securitization process and how do they create it and which discourse topics do they use. The construction of human trafficking is examined by discursive analysis. The most important source of information is the official documents of the main actors and their interaction that frames the topic. Interesting is also clash between discourse and practice, which comes out of different discursive types. The last chapter asks whether the desecuritization would not be good way to follow.
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Illegal work
Kudláčová, Petra ; Krahulcová, Beáta (advisor) ; Kaňák, Jan (referee)
The thesis called Illegal work deals with illegal employment of foreigners in the Czech Republic, which is in most cases connected with trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced labor. The first chapter is generally devoted to the definition of the concept of illegal work under Act No. 435/2004 Coll. on Employment and Act No. 262/2006 Coll. Labour Code. The second chapter brings the view of the employee, employer and the state on illegal work. The following third chapter focuses on the sectors in which illegal work occurs most often. The fourth chapter describes the working conditions of employees who are illegally employed and are exploited in every possible way, especially in terms of pay, working conditions or working hours. The fifth chapter contains factors that affect the exploitation of migrant workers and trafficking in human beings for the purpose of forced labor. The sixth chapter is devoted to the control bodies of the state administration, such as the State Labor Inspection Office, the Customs Office, the Labor Office and the Foreign Police. The seventh and last chapter of the theoretical part deals with possible ways of prevention in the field of illegal employment. The eighth chapter contains a practical part in which the quantitative method is used, while the technique of...
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Obchodování s lidmi v kontextu vztahů mezi Thajskem a Laosem
Zavadilová, Tereza
The thesis deals with the issue of trafficking in persons between Laos and Thailand. In the first part, the work concentrates on definitions of key concepts of human trade in Southeast Asia, the structure of the text, methodological approach and provides the hypothesis. In the second part, the trafficking profile of both Thailand (the receiving country) and Laos (the victim) is discussed by using books, government reports and research studies. This bachelor thesis compares the individual experience of selected states but also discusses the Thai-Lao relations and how they deal with trafficking in persons bilaterally. It concludes that in order to counter this challenging issue, Thailand and Laos must use national, bilateral and regional strategies through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as well as contribute towards global solutions to this transnational problem.
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Cooperation of the state and non-governmental non-profit organizations in combating labour exploitation in the Czech Republic
Klánová, Renata ; Cejp, Martin (advisor) ; Frič, Pavol (referee)
The submitted thesis focuses on the cooperation of the state and non-governmental non-profit organizations in fighting labour exploitation in the Czech Republic. It is one of the most frequent forms of the human trafficking in the CR. The thesis is based on several theories and concepts, such as the actor - network theory, the institutional theory, the Four "C" theory, the NNO theory or the dignified work concept. The thesis analyses the concept of the policy on labour exploitation in the Czech Republic with a focus on the cooperation of main actors from state and non-profit sectors in fighting labour exploitation and proposes how to improve this cooperation. The thesis defines different relevant terms as well as the term "labour exploitation". It also presents statistical data concerning this phenomenon. An analysis of policy documents on a transnational and national level is used to analyse the policy concept. The thesis also works with a quick analysis of actors and semi-structured interviews with eight experts from public and non-profit sector - specifically with employees of the Asylum and Migration Policy Department of the Ministry of the Interior, the Crime Prevention Department, the State Labour Inspection Office and with social workers of the non-profit organizations La Strada and...
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International Regimes against Trafficking in Human Beings: European Experience
Prixová, Barbora ; Karlas, Jan (advisor) ; Knutelská, Viera (referee)
The target of this research is to reveal causal factors that influence the way policy goals and instruments of international organizations in the domain of human trafficking are designed. By tracking evolutions of anti-trafficking policies undergone by the Council of Europe and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, the thesis demonstrates impact of specific factors on changes in the functioning of international organizations. To unravel mechanism explaining the internal workings of a policy formation within an IO, the thesis considers and tests theoretical assumptions of three rivalling theories on institutions; the realism, historical institutionalism and neoliberal institutionalism. Premises of respective theories, which offer contrasting perspectives on the functioning of international organizations, will help to formulate corresponding independent variables. The dependant variable being the changing design of institutions, the detailed cross-case analysis spanning a period of one decade uncovers causal relations between independent dependent variables. Thus, by means of time series data collection, patterns revealing which of independent variables can be designed as responsible for observed changes becomes visible. In this way, the study is able to answer to what extent...
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The Phenomenon of Prostitution as a Social Pathological Phenomena and Possibilities of Its Regulation de Lege Ferenda
WILLFURTHOVÁ, Nikola
The aim of the submitted bachelor thesis with the following title ´ The Phenomenon of Prostitution as a Social-Pathological Phenomenon and Possibilities of Its Regulation de Lege Ferenda´ is to analyze and compare the Czech legal adjustment dealing with prostitution with neighbouring states. Another aim is to determine the opinions of students dealing with social subjects at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, and students at the School of Nursing and Vocational Nursing School in České Budějovice on the issue of prostitution, its regulation, and identify the differences. The bachelor thesis is divided into a theoretical and a research part. First, the theoretical part defines prostitution, the historical development of prostitution, and division of prostitution. Further, the theoretical part defines regulation, and it lists three main political approaches to solving prostitution. The conclusion of the theoretical part presents the current situation of prostitution in the Czech Republic. Specifically, what the development of prostitution legislation was, and what suggestions to regulate prostitution were presented. Then, the current prostitution legislation was defined. Research part is divided into two parts. In the first part, a qualitative strategy was used to collect data. Data collection method was done via content and comparative analysis in the first part. Laws, decrees, governmental regulations, and other legal norms of individual chosen states make up a data source within the first part. Further, expert collection, magazine and book data, and publications by organizations dealing with prostitution in individual chosen states, made up the sources. V1: What approach is applied within legal solutions to prostitution in neighbouring countries? V2: What approaches do students of social subjects at the Faculty of Health and Social Sciences of the University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, and students at the School of Nursing and Vocational Nursing School in České Budějovice take towards prostitution regulation? H1: Students of social subjects at the above-mentioned schools statistically differ significantly in their preferences to the state´s approach to sex business. The qualitative research has proven that Eastern neighbouring countries have the same, abolitional approach, as we do. On the contrary, western countries have a different and a progressive approach within legal solution of prostitution. Quantitative research has proven that there is no statistically significant difference in the preferred approach of state towards sex business among the students of the above-mentioned schools.
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