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Funkční potraviny a jejich benefity na lidský organismus
Dvořáková, Monika
This bachelor thesis deals with the issue of functional foods and their use by the general public to improve health. The aim of the thesis was to find out what func- tional foods are used, what is their purpose and to characterize them. In this thesis we find examples of foods that, when consumed, bring us more benefits than just their nutritional value. These include biologically active substances, various antioxidants, fiber, but also probiotics and microbiots, whose consumption is significantly growing. Latter parts of the thesis concern prevention of certain chronic diseases, which can be achieved by diet diversity with emphasis on functional foods.
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The use of phytotherapy in the self-treatment of the adult population in the Czech Republic
Čech, Jindřich ; Šafratová, Marcela (advisor) ; Doseděl, Martin (referee)
The use of phytotherapy in the self-treatment of the adult population in the Czech Republic Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Student: Jindřich Čech Supervisor: PharmDr. Marcela Šafratová, Ph.D. Consultant: doc. PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Introduction: The theoretical part of the thesis focuses on the issues of immunity support and respiratory infections and their symptoms, along with possible solutions through medicinal plants and their preparations. The practical part of the thesis includes the results of a survey that monitors the experiences, opinions, and perspectives on phytotherapy from both the general public and professionals. The thesis first introduces various respiratory infections along with their symptoms and causes, and subsequently discusses medicinal plants and the evidence supporting their use. The work includes plants with immunostimulatory effects, followed by plants with antiviral effects, and then plants that help treat the symptoms of respiratory infections. Another section addresses the issue of defining and classifying medicinal plants and their preparations, including legal aspects. The first part of the practical work presents the results of the survey focused on the general and professional...
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Mladý ječmen a chlorella jako součást zdravého stravování
BÍCOVÁ, Pavla
Products of young barley and chlorella belong to the increasingly popular nutraceuticals due to their rich nutritional composition. The aim of the thesis was: to assess the offer of young barley and chlorella in the market network in the Czech Republic, to evaluate the knowledge about these products and the effects of using these dietary supplements by questionnaire survey (n = 338) and to assess the quality of the selected products. There is a relatively wide range of chlorella (57 products; 75 % in tablet form) and young barley (24 products; 71 % in powder form) products on the Czech market, which differ in composition, processing method, country of origin, price and information provided about them. Knowledge of the production method and the contents is important when consumers choose products. This knowledge was found to be low among some users. Awareness increased statistically significantly with age and educational attainment. The majority of users of chlorella (181; 55 %) and young barley (224; 68 %) did not suffer from side effects associated with initiation of use. The most frequently reported adverse symptoms were related to the gastrointestinal tract (diarrhoea, constipation). The most frequently reported beneficial effects were more energy and vitality, improved digestion and immunity. The microbial quality of the chlorella and young barley samples met the legislative requirements. Total polyphenol content and total antioxidant activity were lower (1.20?0.00 mg/g - 1.35?0.01 mg/g, 0.73?0.00 mg/g - 0.84?0.02 mg/g, respectively) in chlorella (11.44?0.26 mg/g - 7.92?0.25 mg/g, 10.36?0.00 mg/g - 22.76?0.27 mg/g, respectively) compared to young barley.
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Analysis of selected nutraceuticals by liquid chromatography
Ibrahim, Laureen Reda Youssef ; Jenčo, Jaroslav (advisor) ; Opletal, Lubomír (referee)
39 ABSTRACT Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department: Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany Candidate: Laureen Reda Youssef Ibrahim Supervisor: RNDr. Jaroslav Jenčo, Ph.D. Title of dissertation thesis: Analysis of selected nutraceuticals by liquid chromatography The extract obtained pellets of Humulus Lupulus L. var Columbus was subjected to a phytochemical study and isolation of its bitter acid constituents. The summary extract was separated into individual fractions by liquid-liquid extraction. After performing HPTLC, GC-MS, and LC-MS analysis, the fraction HL-Hex B was selected and purified further by preparative chromatography. A monocomponent pale yellow solid substance of lupulone was obtained after the final preparative separation. Based on instrumental analysis by reversed phase HPLC with core-shell particles, the analyte was compared to the extract of dietary supplement HopsVital where the presence of bitter acids in the supplement was shown. Key words: nutraceuticals, high performance liquid chromatography, sample preparation, modern stationary phases
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Possibilities of influence of cardiovascular risk markers with a diet enriched with amaranth flour
Chmelík, Zdeněk ; Vrablík, Michal (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Vohnout, Branislav (referee)
Univerzita Karlova v Praze 1. lékařská fakulta Abstrakt dizertační práce Možnosti ovlivnění markerů kardiovaskulárního rizika stravou obohacenou amarantovou moukou PharmDr. Zdeněk Chmelík Praha 2022 Abstract (EN) Introduction: Diet suitable for lipid metabolism disorders should not increase the total and LDL cholesterol, and ideally should assist in its lowering. Analysis of literary sources suggest that amaranth can meet these properties. Aim: The execution of literary investigation of the issue and experimental verification of lipid- lowering effect of amaranth flour in laboratory conditions. Methods: 50 (Experiment 1) or 40 (Experiment 2) The mice were divided into five (Experiment 1) or four (Experiment 2) groups fed by control mixture (C), high-energy diet (HED), high- energy diet with amaranth (HED+A) and in Experiment 1, by high-energy diet with amaranth flour and simvastatin (HED+A+S) or only with simvastatin (HED+S), and in Experiment 2 a by high-energy diet with squalene (HED+S). Weight gains were measured and TC, LDL and HDL cholesterol determined. Results: Feeding of HED diets resulted in a statistically significant increase in the TC cholesterol by 81% (Experiment 1) or 125% (Experiment 2), LDL cholesterol of 612% (Experiment 1) or 304% (Experiment 2) and a decrease in HDL cholesterol by 8.4%...
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Novel bile acid derivatives as a promising therapeutic approach for liver and metabolic disorders
Štefela, Alžbeta ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Vítek, Libor (referee) ; Juřica, Jan (referee)
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Alžbeta Štefela Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD. Title of the doctoral thesis: Novel bile acid derivatives as promising therapeutic approach Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic steroidal molecules that are traditionally known to facilitate intestinal digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble substances. On top, the recent findings have revealed that they represent important signaling agents involved in the orchestration of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism and immune response. BAs exhibit these roles by activating intracellular nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X (FXR), pregnane X (PXR) vitamin D receptors. Furthermore, BAs act as endocrine signaling molecules and activate numerous biological cascades via a membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, termed TGR5. Therefore, the extensive modulation of BA scaffold underwent to identify compounds with specific targeting of above-mentioned receptors as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various liver and metabolic disorders including cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or diabetes. The principal aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the structure...
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Novel bile acid derivatives as a promising therapeutic approach for liver and metabolic disorders
Štefela, Alžbeta ; Pávek, Petr (advisor) ; Vítek, Libor (referee) ; Juřica, Jan (referee)
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Candidate: Mgr. Alžbeta Štefela Supervisor: Prof. PharmDr. Petr Pávek, PhD. Title of the doctoral thesis: Novel bile acid derivatives as promising therapeutic approach Bile acids (BAs) are amphipathic steroidal molecules that are traditionally known to facilitate intestinal digestion and absorption of lipids and fat-soluble substances. On top, the recent findings have revealed that they represent important signaling agents involved in the orchestration of lipid, glucose and energy metabolism and immune response. BAs exhibit these roles by activating intracellular nuclear receptors such as farnesoid X (FXR), pregnane X (PXR) vitamin D receptors. Furthermore, BAs act as endocrine signaling molecules and activate numerous biological cascades via a membrane G-protein-coupled receptor, termed TGR5. Therefore, the extensive modulation of BA scaffold underwent to identify compounds with specific targeting of above-mentioned receptors as a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of various liver and metabolic disorders including cholestasis, biliary cirrhosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or diabetes. The principal aim of this doctoral thesis was to investigate the structure...
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Bioaktivní látky ve výživě člověka
Jirková, Tereza
This bachelor thesis was focused on studying the literature on the selected topic and on the distribution of individual groups of substances and their effects on human health. The thesis mainly focused on the influence of human nutrition on ones health. In the practical part of the work, there were evaluated selected types of fruits and vegetables, as to which are the most beneficial for end consumers rated by their ascorbic acid and polyphenols content. The highest concentration of ascorbic acid was measured in rosehips and chilli peppers. Fairly high content of ascorbic acid and polyphenols was found in pomegranate juice and rosehips. In terms of the content of those health-beneficial substances, it was found that the most beneficial are rosehips and pomegranate juice. In this work, there were created calibration charts and tables with ascorbic acid and polyphenols content in selected fruits and vegetables.
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