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Escherichia coli-induced central nervous system infection and its impact to neurotransmitters' signaling in the host brain.
Lokočová, Gabriela ; Luptáková, Dominika (advisor) ; Krempaská, Katarína (referee)
Dissemination of microbial pathogens to the central nervous system (CNS) is one of the most severe and life-threatening complications of neurological disorders, especially in neonates. Microbial pathogen-induced CNS meningitis and encephalitis develop through several steps of host-pathogen interactions, including a high level of bacteremia (bacterial blood count >103 mL-1 ), mucosal colonization by the pathogen, microbial invasion of the intravascular space, and inoculation into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), leading to penetration of CNS barriers and inflammation of meninges and brain parenchyma. Neuroinfectious diseases are associated with acute changes in mental and motor function that are followed by chronic neurological dysfunction that can persist long after the recovery from the infection event. Increased expression of cytokines and chemokines by brain cells and CNS compartment-dependent infiltration of leukocytes and neutrophils modulate brain metabolism and function via an effect on neuronal signaling by neurotransmitters. This work aims to summarize the current knowledge about the CNS infections induced by Escherichia coli and brain region-specific neuromodulatory changes with focus on the glutamatergic, dopaminergic, and serotonergic pathway that may be further involved in host's...
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Anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective
Záplatová, Klára ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Barchelor thesis focuses on anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective. This thesis aims to provide anxiety disorders in their entireness. For this reason, thesis focuses on psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. Topic contains unconscious symptoms manifesting inside of a man. Thesis is divided into two main parts. First one consists of literature review, the second one consists of experiment design. Experiment design deals with physiological symptoms of social phobia. It is focused on specific brain areas and cortisol level in anxiety feeling as well as to feeling of a man during the experiment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Forced swimming test and mechanisms of depression
Janďourková, Pavla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Depression is a severe psychical disorder belonging to affective disorders. Nowadays, it belongs to the most common psychical disorders and prevalence is between 5 % to 16 %. An animal research is essential to study mechanisms of depression. One of the models of the depression uses a forced swimming test in the animal research. Even though this test does not claim to model depression in all complexity, it has very predictive validity and mostly it is used to assess effects of antidepressant (on the basis of observation of changes in the behaviour of the experimental animals). The aim of this thesis is to review the neural mechanisms of depression and to compare them with mechanism which can be applied in the forced swimming test and affected by the antidepressants. Key words: forced swimming test, depression, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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The biological basis of mental illness with regard to affective disorders
Volf, Petr ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
This thesis aims to provide a comprehensive overview of current biological hypotheses and manifestations of mental illness with an emphasis on affective disorders. Mood disorders are the third most common mental disorder and lifelong perspective affects almost one-fifth of the population. For this reason, their etiology is important issue for the prevention, treatment and subsequent rehabilitation. Bachelor thesis puts emphasis on the biological disposition, especially anatomical and physiological abnormalities typical for affective disorders and attempts to classify and structure the existing research findings. The output is a research project that could provide the answer, if it is indeed a significant difference in biological dispositions (and their types) in individuals with emotional disorders and a healthy population. Specifically, the text contains anatomical and neurophysiological description of the structures of the brain that are responsible for the emotional state of a person, the clinical picture of affective disorders and an overview of approaches to their genesis. The following is dedicated to individual biological hypotheses, which results in the research question, that deals with the design of empirical investigation.
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Maternal separation and its impact on neurotransmitter systems of the brain
Přítulová, Eliška ; Novotný, Jiří (advisor) ; Černá, Barbora (referee)
Adverse early life stress conditions during the postnatal period can alter normal brain and neuroendocrine system development and increase the susceptibility of the individual to various disorders. Material separation is a model used to investigate the effects of early life stress on organism. The principle of this model is to provoke the stress of the infant by disrupting its contact with the mother, which is important for its proper development. The aim of this paper is to unify the existing knowledge about the impact of maternal separation on signaling pathways in the brain and to outline the directions of future research. Despite all the differences between the individual studies, there is a basic finding that maternal separation leads to deficits in the functions of important neurotransmitter systems, can induce long-term changes in different brain signaling pathways and can be accompanied by changes at the neuroendocrine and behavioral levels.
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Genetics of psychic diseases
Krčmářová, Eliška ; Šolc, Roman (advisor) ; Dudová, Iva (referee)
Psychological diseases are very heterogeneus group of diseases, including a complicated and complex multifactorial etiology with a possibility of an important role of a genetic component. Some diaseses got discovered their clear genetic origins, for instance Rett syndrom, where the origins are caused by a mutation in gen MECP2. The origins of a majority of other psychological diseases are more complex - it is chiefly a combination of specific polymorphism of many gens with an impact of an external environment. Among this group we can range diaseases such as anxiety disorder, eating disorder, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Autism presents the polymorphism of few different gens, however other mentioned diseases presents mainly polymorphism of genes, connected into neurontransmission. This thesis deals with a selection of potential genetic causes of psychological diseases, illustrated by the specific examples. Keywords: psychological diseases, Rett syndrom, autism, neurotransmitters, anxiety disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, mutation, polymorphism
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Anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective
Záplatová, Klára ; Šivicová, Gabriela (advisor) ; Hrachovinová, Tamara (referee)
Barchelor thesis focuses on anxiety disorders from a biological and psychological perspective. This thesis aims to provide anxiety disorders in their entireness. For this reason, thesis focuses on psychological and physical symptoms of anxiety. Topic contains unconscious symptoms manifesting inside of a man. Thesis is divided into two main parts. First one consists of literature review, the second one consists of experiment design. Experiment design deals with physiological symptoms of social phobia. It is focused on specific brain areas and cortisol level in anxiety feeling as well as to feeling of a man during the experiment. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Computer modeling of ion protein interactions: Allo steric effects of phenolic ligands and ions on insulin hexamer struct ure
Palivec, Vladimír ; Jungwirth, Pavel (advisor) ; Fišer, Jiří (referee)
Title: Computer modeling of ion protein interactions: Allosteric effects of phenolic ligands and ions on insulin hexamer structure Author: Vladimír Palivec Department: Department of Physical and Macromolecular Chemistry Faculty of Science UK Advisor: prof. RNDr. Pavel Jungwirth, DSc., IOCB AS CR, v.v.i. Advisor's email address: pavel.jungwirth@uochb.cas.cz Abstract: Insulin hexamer is an allosteric protein capable of undergoing conformational changes between three states: T6, T3R3, and R6. Transitions between them, as well as the formation of insulin hexamers, are mediated through binding of phenolic ligands or ions. This thesis presents a molecular dynamics study of allosteric behavior of insulin using empirical force fields. Two effects are closely inspected - cation (Zn2+ , Ca2+ , K+ , and Na+ ) binding to the insulin hexamers and a possible binding of two neurotransmitters - dopamine and serotonin to the phenolic pocket. The results show that high charge density cations (Zn2+ and Ca2+ ) are mostly localized in the B13 glutamate cavity, slow- down diffusion, while preventing other cations from entering. In contrast, low charge density cations (Na+ and K+ ) do not have this effect. Concerning neurotransmitters, dopamine does not bind to the phenolic pocket whereas serotonin binds in a similar way like...
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Forced swimming test and mechanisms of depression
Janďourková, Pavla ; Nekovářová, Tereza (advisor) ; Vodička, Martin (referee)
Depression is a severe psychical disorder belonging to affective disorders. Nowadays, it belongs to the most common psychical disorders and prevalence is between 5 % to 16 %. An animal research is essential to study mechanisms of depression. One of the models of the depression uses a forced swimming test in the animal research. Even though this test does not claim to model depression in all complexity, it has very predictive validity and mostly it is used to assess effects of antidepressant (on the basis of observation of changes in the behaviour of the experimental animals). The aim of this thesis is to review the neural mechanisms of depression and to compare them with mechanism which can be applied in the forced swimming test and affected by the antidepressants. Key words: forced swimming test, depression, neurotransmitters, antidepressants, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
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