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Social Theory and the Late-Modern Approaches to the Study Of Culture
Lachmann, Filip ; Balon, Jan (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
Sociology, social science and human sciences in general are interested in the study of culture since its inception. This concern, however, have transformed over the years and the development of individual disciplines, especially in the 20th century, where the phenomenon of culture has become one of the main indicators of social coexistence. The concept of culture itself represents a very wide range of activities, objects and characteristics tied with the human and his behavior. This work focuses on the process, during which social scientists have begun to perceive the culture no longer just a file or a store of values, but as part of power struggle, hegemony, ideology and oppression in their everyday impact on the scientific knowledge and the creation of social discourse. It notes the rise of critical theory, which arose mainly in the context of the so-called "cultural turn", starting in the postwar period. It records the development of social theory as a discipline combining several approaches, grounded in a larger frame of reference, the main aim is to highlight the difference between social science typical for modernity and more or less postmodern authors, which we nowadays consider the leading scientists and philosophers of the 20th century. This report covers the Frankfurt School of T. Adorno,...
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Supercivilization. Patočka's Concept of Modernity and it's Relevance In The Context of Contemporary Historical Sociology.
Homolka, Jakub ; Arnason, Johann Pall (advisor) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
This thesis deals with the concept of modernity called "nadcivilizace" ("supercivilization") that was developed in the nineteen-fifties by Czech philosopher Jan Patočka (1907-1977) in his originally unpublished study Nadcivilizace a její vnitřní konflikt. The main goal of the thesis is to introduce this concept in the framework of the author's life and work, as well as in the context of current research in the field of historical sociology. This goal is fulfilled through three main steps, which are preceded by preliminary remarks about the issues of nowadays civilizational analysis. The first part is focused on the introduction of the author's concept of modernity as it was presented in the aforementioned study. Patočka's original term "nadcivilizace" is introduced and put into the context of civilizational analysis. At the same time, the circumstances of the genesis of the text, and the spiritual framework of the epoch in which Czech philosopher lived, are presented. Second part attempts to put the original concept into the author's lecture of philosophy of history, and to demonstrate the changes that occurred in Patočka's understanding of modernity in his work Kacířské eseje o filosofii dějin (Heretical Essays in the Philosophy of History, 1975). Finally, the last part is dedicated to the problem...
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Phenomenon camp
Černá, Lucie ; Paulíček, Miroslav (advisor) ; Holeček, Tomáš (referee)
In this work we pay attention especially to the broader introducing of the phenomenon, which is called Camp. We describe here the basic features of the camp, such as excessive efforts to effect, a possession for foiled art and his seriousness, which fails. We discuss the camp view of the surrounding world, with its typical irony, and we refer also to the current form of this phenomenon. We try to show the historical development of the camp, with particular emphasis on modernity, precisely because of his perception that it is based. Space is also devoted to the development, which can be detected in the works of various authors who deal with the theme of Camp. We focus also on specific redefinition of "good" and "bad" art, and not neglecting the relationship between camp and kitsch, as it often leads to erroneous substitution of these two phenomena. Much of the work is dedicated to taste, because camp has become sociologically relevant issue in communion with it. Here we focus mainly on the different view of the taste of "upper class" and the upper class itself. We show the connection of Camp with the theory of American authors Kern and Peterson which refers to the cultural "omnivorousness". At the same time we try to indicate where in the sociological point of view upon taste there is a place for...
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Walking and writing the world. An approach to modernity in Bohemia and France from the beginnig of the 19 th century to the 1948's
Matysová, Kristýna ; Hrbata, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Kyloušek, Petr (referee) ; Hrbata, Zdeněk (referee)
Walking and writing the world. An approach to modernity in Bohemia and France from the beginning of the 19th century to the 1940's In Christian allegoric texts the Pilgrim traditionally symbolizes the journey of mankind to heaven. From the second half of the 19th century on, poets, travelers, and vagabonds pursued the quest of an afterlife from within city walls. This dissertation examines the different representations of modern wandering via an in-depth analysis of the theme as encountered in French and Czech literature and arts from the early 19th century to the 1940's. It reveals, in chronological order, the different artistic approaches to modernity. By bringing out the various patterns that emerge from the texts, while taking into account the historical and social contexts in which they were created, this work adds to existing knowledge on the cultural similarities between France and Bohemia. It also examines the different literary genres which originate from mankind's need to walk and write the world.
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The ideal of community in modern societies
Štěch, Ondřej ; Hrubec, Marek (advisor) ; Znoj, Milan (referee) ; Skovajsa, Marek (referee)
of doctoral thesis This thesis deals with the problem of community conceived as an important ideal in modern societies. Its departing point in understanding modernity is the concept of social imaginaries as developed by Charles Taylor. The interpretation of this concept shows, that community is always only an alternative model of social relations. Despite this situation, it is an always recurrent ideal. The question is, why it is so and in which forms it manifests itself. The first question is answered with the help of the theory of recognition of Axel Honneth, which analyzes moral development of the subject in connection with communal relations. Identity is always anchored in the experience of recognition, and this experience needs to be confirmed in human relationships. Community, then, is the place of such confirmation. The thesis then proceeds to the reconstruction of various shapes of the ideal of community. In the reconstruction of these two most important forms of community, the thesis relies on the work of communitarian theorists and of Benedict Anderson. The first one shows small, mainly local communities growing out of free will of their members. Such communities are formed for various purposes. The second important form are imagined communities, especially nations. The thesis is...
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Is the concept of human rights fictitious? Jürgen Habermas' postmetaphysical conception of human rights.
Lysoňková, Michala ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Barša, Pavel (referee)
Human rights are the pervasive practical and political concept, discussed in various branches: political and legal philosophy, political science or jurisprudence. In the diploma thesis, this concept is discussed in the framework of political philosophy. An author's basic question: Is the concept of human rights plausible (rationally valid) in the postmetaphysical situation as well, and if so, which rights are possible to specify as "human"? This question is asked in view of contemporary (content, spatial and symbolical) expansion of human rights and solved in light of Jürgen Habermas' conception of human rights. Habermas' conception of human rights represents probably the most significant rational attempt to reformulate this concept in the postmetaphysical situation. His foundation is apparently free from the burden of all anthropological presuppositions, connected with a pristine articulation of the rights of man. As we know, these presuppositions also resound in the legal concept of human dignity. After the problem definition, a historical excursus on the field of rational natural law and basic characterization of the postmetaphysical situation, an analysis and evaluation of presuppositions intrinsic to Habermas' "linguistificated" conception of human rights follow - i.e. universal pragmatics,...
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Ostalgie in Czech art
HULEOVÁ, Markéta
This thesis Ostalgie in Czech art summarizes recent history of art aimed to fifties and sixties of the twentieth century and also the fundamental notion of Czech cultural time - socialist realism. In opposition to the term 'socialist realism', there is a term 'ostalgie', which is focused on a nostalgic memories during normalization. In the theoretical part of this thesis author presents and explains the two main terms and focuses on the cultural aspects which were brought or denied to the nation by to the socialistic system in those times. In the practical part the author follows the theoretical part, especially in creating posters, which is influenced by nostalgic spirit.
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Social networks in electronic spaces and their impact on society
Brchaň, Miroslav ; Novotná, Eliška (advisor) ; Žebrák, Miroslav (referee)
"Social networks in electronic spaces and their impact on society," analyzes the company with help of modernity. It explores the roles of individuals in civil society, and roles, The state in shaping society and the Internet. The practical part deals with democratic freedoms in society and ways to measure them. The these deals currently with used Internet technology and is dedicated to measuring its freedom. In conclusion, using the regression analysis validated correlation of democratic freedoms and liberties on the Internet.
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