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Aristoxenus of Tarentum - a study on the work Elementa Harmonica
Langhammerová, Gabriela ; Hladký, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Šíma, Antonín (referee) ; Švantner, Martin (referee)
The thesis deals with an Ancient Greek work Elementa Harmonica (Harmonic Elements) written by Aristoxenus of Tarentum and to the same extent with the contexts of the creation of this work. Elementa is primarily a musical-theoretical work, focused mainly on specific parts of which music, and more specifically, melody, consist. There is a huge and thorough description of particular elements including those who tried to deal with the same matter before Aristoxenus himself. Therefore, Elementa are amongst other a very valuable source of collected knowledge concerning both musical theory, methodology and musical practice provided by Aristoxenus' predecessors. However, Elementa have also an interesting methodological approach, combining mathematical (which means basically Pythagorean) and peripathetical (predominantly Aristotelian) attitudes in a unique synthesis leading to an establishment of a brand new position of musical-theoretical research. This thesis shall provide an analysis of the main constituting branches and its further implications. Key words: Aristoxenus of Tarentum, ancient music theory, Elementa Harmonica, methodology of science, history of science, Pythagorean tradition, peripatos, melody, elements
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Semiotic Specifics of Media Contents
Podzimek, Jan ; Bednařík, Petr (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Věra (referee) ; Ducháček, Milan (referee)
This dissertation explores specifics of media semiotics as a method of media content analysis. The main research sample consists of mediasemiotic studies, in the second place of studies within other applied semiotics and methodological publications on the subject. The research method is a discourse analysis, done on all levels from micro- to macrostructures, specifically on levels of language, intertextuality, narrativity, discussions, discourse models and discourses. The analysis also took into account interdiscoursive relations between media semiotics and media studies, theoretic semiotics, and other related disciplines, as well as the question whether bringing concepts from these fields into media semiotics involves some transformations of these concepts, and how are these transformations related to the nature of the given discourses. The main contribution of this dissertation is introduction of the principle of modularity. It is a specific way of employing analytical functions into an analytical engine, which was present in all researched media semiotic studies, but also in the studies which belong to other applied semiotics (movie semiotics, anthropological semiotics, semiotics of law), and to discourse analysis as well. The modularity is an autonomous principle which must be, in case of the...
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Friedrich August von Hayek on the Evolution of Liberal Rules
Doleček, Pavel ; Znoj, Milan (advisor) ; Profant, Martin (referee) ; Hříbek, Tomáš (referee)
The present dissertation deals with the topic of the relationship between political and moral philosophy and the epistemological and methodological arguments of Friedrich August von Hayek. The aim of the dissertation is to defend in general the assertion that Hayek's philosophy is the application of epistemological and methodological positions to moral and political philosophy and that this application is implemented through the continuous process of defining the basic theoretical positions towards philosophical tradition. This general statement is elaborated on in several perspectives. The first perspective puts the concept of knowledge in the forefront, both in the sense of a certain concept of rationality, i.e. the nature of reason and human thinking, and also in the sense of defining the nature and limits of scientific inquiry. The latter follows the development of Hayek's thinking, pointing out the aspects of his philosophy, which are the elaboration of the theories of his predecessors in thought within the Austrian economic school or classical sociology. This perspective also shows that, at a certain stage of his thinking, Hayek considerably moves away from these predecessors, particularly in the context of grasping individualism. The third perspective shows the deeper roots of some of...
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Do Consumers Really Follow a Rule of Thumb? Three Thousand Estimates from 130 Studies Say “Probably Not”
Havránek, Tomáš ; Sokolova, Anna
We show that three factors combine to explain the mean excess sensitivity reported in studies estimating consumption Euler equations: the use of macro data, publication bias, and liquidity constraints. When micro data are used, publication bias is corrected for, and the households under examination do not face liquidity constraints, the literature implies no evidence for the excess sensitivity of consumption to income. Hence little remains for pure rule-of-thumb behavior. The results hold when we control for 45 additional variables reflecting the methods employed by researchers and use Bayesian model averaging to account for model uncertainty. The estimates of excess sensitivity are also systematically affected by the order of approximation of the Euler equation, the treatment of non-separability between consumption and leisure, and the choice of proxy for consumption.
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Theory of spontaneous order in social and natural sciences
Beník, Miroslav ; Pavlík, Ján (advisor) ; Vaverka, Tomáš (referee)
On the present, a theory of spontaneous order is organized set of knowledges applicable in biology, cognitive sciences, through sociology, psychology, jurisprudence to the economics. This interdisciplinary outstroke of the theory of spontaneous order deserve to investigate genesis of its fundamental thoughts and thesis. Purpose of the composition work is to clarify forming the theory of spontaneous order in social sciences and its reception in natural sciences, also a later mutual relationship between socioscientific and naturalistic processes of self-organization.
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