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Comparison of Changes in Motor and Cognitive Functions of Preschool Children
Soukupová, Tereza ; Bačáková, Radka (advisor) ; Musálek, Martin (referee)
Title: Comparison of Changes in Motor and Cognitive Functions of Preschool Children Objective: The aim of this thesis is to compare changes in motor and cognitive functions of preschool children. Methods: The research was conducted as a longitudinal study that followed 61 children aged 4-6 years over a two-year period. Various tests were used to assess gross motor skills, physical fitness, and cognitive functions, including the Test of Gross Motor Development (TGMD-2) and the Intelligence and Development Scales for Preschool Children (IDS-P). Data were analyzed using comparative, correlational, and regression analysis. Results: The findings showed improvements in gross motor skills, physical fitness, and cognitive levels over a two-year period. Girls achieved better results in locomotor skills, while boys demonstrated greater improvements in dynamic disciplines. The correlational analysis revealed several weak correlations between cognitive and physical abilities. The regression analysis showed very weak linear relationships between cognitive and physical abilities. Conclusion: Overall, the results support the importance of regular physical activities and structured motor games for the development of motor and cognitive abilities in preschool children. No significant relationship was found between...
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Manifestations of facial asymmetry in young adulthood: the relationship between asymmetry of facial expressions and manifestations of brain laterality
Hřebcová, Eliška ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Měšťák, Jan (referee)
This thesis focuses on assessing longitudinal changes in facial asymmetry of both neutral expression and various facial expressions in adolescents and young adults aged 15 to 18 years and their relation to handedness. Shape changes were evaluated in 30 girls and 27 boys of which 3 girls and 2 boys were left-handed. For the analysis, 3D geometric morphometry applied to 3D facial scans was used. The scanning itself took place on three different occasions with a 1-year gap between them. A total amount of 1440 facial scans were taken and processed, while 453 of those were used for the analyses. The output of those analyses are colour maps visualizing changes in facial shape. Right-handers were assessed as a mean group, while left-handers were assessed only as individuals, due to their low numbers. The results of longitudinal assessment in right-handers show very similar trends between boys and girls. Protrusion in right side of the forehead and right side of the nose and maxilla was observed, as well as right-sided protrusion of lower lip and mandible in later ages. Left-sided protrusion of angulus mandibulae was observed in both sexes. An almost complete absence of the forementioned forehead protrusion was observed in all left-handers. Protrusion was more often allocated on a left side of the nose....
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Longitudinal observation of parameters of dymanic postural stability on patients with sclerosis multiplex in terms of biological treatment
Krčíková, Barbora ; Vomáčková, Helena (advisor) ; Maršáková, Kateřina (referee)
Author: Bc. Barbora Krčíková Supervisor: PhDr. Helena Vomáčková, Ph.D. Title: Longitudinal observation of parameters of dymanic postural stability on patients with sclerosis multiplex in terms of biological treatment Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe the postural movement behaviour (independent of therapeutic intervention) in patients with multiple sclerosis referred for biological treatment. Methods: The study used longitudinal monitoring of fatigue and quality of walking in probands (n=2, female, ages 24 and 52) using the Multiple Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) and the Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale-12 (MSWS-12) questionnaires, Longitudinal follow-up of changes in selected parameters of dynamic postural stability obtained on the NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System (Limits of Stability) and longitudinal follow-up of mobility tests using the T25FW (Timed 25 Foot Walk), 6MWT (6-minute Walk Test) and 5STS (5-repetition sit-to-stand test). Testing was conducted in the Applied Kinesiology Laboratory of the Department of Physiotherapy, UK FTVS. Each proband was asked to complete subjective questionnaires at each measurement, after which measurements were performed on the NeuroCom SMART EquiTest System using 7 protocols - Sensory Organization Test, Motor Control Test, Adaptation Test, Weight...
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Multiple Sclerosis - Neuropsychological markers for monitoring disease activity
Friedová, Lucie ; Uher, Tomáš (advisor) ; Holštajn Zemánková, Petra (referee) ; Libertínová, Jana (referee)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that generates a wide range of clinical symptoms. These include cognitive impairment, a set of symptoms closely associated with the quality of life, which also serves as one of the most important predictors of limited ability to work. This doctoral thesis presents the output from four studies divided into three areas focusing on neuropsychological markers in connection to other manifestations and effects of MS. The first researched area is the link between speech characteristics and the information processing speed by patients with MS. Our study has proven a profound association between lower speed of articulation and below-average performance in terms of information processing speed. We have proven that acoustic quantitative speech analysis has the potential to identify patients with below-average cognitive performance. Another goal of this doctoral thesis was to ascertain the predictive value of serum neurofilament light chain levels in recently diagnosed patients with MS for the development of cognitive disorder within nine years of observation. During the period of observation, we uncovered only a loose link between high levels at the onset of the disease and the deterioration of cognitive functions in...
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Facial development in children 6 to 12 years old: longitudinal study
Tošovská, Hana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zedníková Malá, Pavla (referee)
This study is based on evaluative longitudinal data of facial development in a group of children from 6 to 12 years. The research used three-dimensional models of the faces of 18 girls and 15 boys that were scanned at yearly intervals. These models were used to follow development of the face and its particular areas including analysis of variability (PCA). Developmental changes were observed for each gender separately as well as for the development of sexual dimorphism. Results were visualized by using superimposed color maps of average faces of a particular age group and maps depicting the statistically significant differences in individual areas. The presented data exhibited growth in the face of both genders, while slightly bigger changes in the form of the face were observed in the boys' samples. For girls and boys the most intensive growth was found in the direction of the width and height of the entire face and the nose, especially in the direction of length. These changes took place throughout the whole studied period of growth, yet more intensive growth was evident for girls beginning at age 10 years and for boys from 11 years onward. Shape changes also occurred with age for both genders: the face gradually narrowed, the cheeks flattened and a more retruded position of the forehead...
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Team cohesion and team success in elite youth sport teams
Šiška, Pavol ; Slepička, Pavel (advisor) ; Landa, Pavel (referee) ; Holienka, Miroslav (referee)
The main aim of this dissertation was to examine the relationship between team success and team cohesiveness with a sample of elite youth sport teams. The secondary aim of this international thesis was to translate and analyze the psychometric properties of responses to the Czech and Slovak versions of the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (YSEQ; Eys, Loughead, Bray, & Carron, 2009b) in a sample of elite youth handball and soccer players. The accomplishment of the second purpose involved three phases of research. First, the questionnaire was translated into the Czech and Slovak languages by method of parallel back-translation. In Phase 2, feedback was sought on the translated versions of each questionnaire from both researchers (N = 2) and athletes (N = 52) to ensure the clarity of the instructions and the readability of the items. Subsequent confirmatory analyses in the final phase provided an adequate fitting model for both Czech and Slovak versions with an independent sample (N = 352) from youth sport teams. These results offer further support to Eys et al.'s (2009b) proposed two dimensional model underlying their measure of cohesion for youth sport groups. In terms of the general purpose, we employed structural equation modeling to examine the direction of that relationship via a...
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Evaluation of fundamental motor skills, specific game skills and motor abilities in young football players
Pfeifer, Radim ; Kokštejn, Jakub (advisor) ; Bujnovský, David (referee)
Title: Evaluation of fundamental motor skills, specific game skills and motor abilities in young football players Objectives: The aim of this thesis is to describe the developement of specific game skills, fundamental motor skills and agility in young football players (12- 14 years) between two measurements in the course of less than two years. The next aim is to verify the correlation between fundamental motor skills and specific game skills. Methods: The main research method of this thesis was the observation method. For the practical part of the thesis the longitudinal quantitative research with empirical elements was used. The followed group was consisted of young football players in U14 age category from FC Tempo Praha (n=12). The group was repeatedly measured during the next twenty months. The level of fundamental motor skills was examinated by TGMD-2 (Test of Gross Motor Development) and the level of specific football skills was examinated by the test of leading the ball. The level of agility was examinated by the test of agility. Results: In the first measurement of TGMD-2 83,3 % of probands achieved average or below average level. In the next measurement of TGMD-2 91,3 % of probands achieved average or below average level. There was also determinated a statistically significiant...
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Development of the oronasal facial region in children aged 7-17 years: longitudinal study
Jungvirtová, Tereza ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Moslerová, Veronika (referee)
This thesis is based on longitudinal monitoring of developmental changes of the oronasal region in a group of children from 7 to 17 years. Growth and shape changes, variability and sex dimorphism were monitored using 492 3D facial models of 40 boys and 47 girls. These models were obtained by yearly scanning children aged 7 to 12 years and 12 to 17 years. The Vectra 3D optical scanner was used to obtain the models and data were evaluated using classical and geometric morphometry methods (T-test, DCA, Per vertex T-test and Principal component analysis). The results of the analyses were visualized using superprojection color maps of average faces and significance maps that show statistically significant regions of oronasal region changes. During the period under review, the growth of the oronasal region is evident in both girls and boys. The most intense growth occurred in the area of the nasal spine in both sexes, so there was a lengthening of the nose. Overall, the oronasal region extended and expanded to acquire a more convex shape. Growth intensity increased in girls from 10 years and in boys from 11 years. Sexual dimorphism was pronounced up to 11 years, between 12 and 13 the differences were not as pronounced as in the previous age categories, and these changes began to increase again from 14...
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Longitudinal Study of Children Growth in Central Bohemia and Prague with Respect to the Development of Passing Basic School Education
Povinská, Monika ; Vančata, Václav (advisor) ; Ehler, Edvard (referee)
For my dissertation, I have chosen to monitor and research growing children in Prague and in the Central Bohemian Region. Primarily, I am interested in the growth period of the younger school age (which corresponds to the first degree of compulsory school attendance). However, I also monitored and worked with the growth data of infant and pre-school aged children. The reason for this is that I needed the growth data from a longer period of time for a better assessment. I am really interested in the area of child anthropology because I belive the growth of every child is essential for their future. The final height and weight of the individual, specifically his/her total body proportions, can have a significant influence on their next life. I am convinced that this can have a major influence on the health, social application and self-confidence for each of us. Thanks to a very willing approach of a Prague pediatrician I managed to accumulate the growth data of children living in Prague. I would like to compare the obtained data with the data of children living in the Central Bohemian Region. I was able to gain the growth data of the children thanks to the friendly cooperation of my pupils'parents, my acquaintances and friends. Children were selected according to their health cards. On these cards...
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Facial development in children 6 to 12 years old: longitudinal study
Tošovská, Hana ; Velemínská, Jana (advisor) ; Zedníková Malá, Pavla (referee)
This study is based on evaluative longitudinal data of facial development in a group of children from 6 to 12 years. The research used three-dimensional models of the faces of 18 girls and 15 boys that were scanned at yearly intervals. These models were used to follow development of the face and its particular areas including analysis of variability (PCA). Developmental changes were observed for each gender separately as well as for the development of sexual dimorphism. Results were visualized by using superimposed color maps of average faces of a particular age group and maps depicting the statistically significant differences in individual areas. The presented data exhibited growth in the face of both genders, while slightly bigger changes in the form of the face were observed in the boys' samples. For girls and boys the most intensive growth was found in the direction of the width and height of the entire face and the nose, especially in the direction of length. These changes took place throughout the whole studied period of growth, yet more intensive growth was evident for girls beginning at age 10 years and for boys from 11 years onward. Shape changes also occurred with age for both genders: the face gradually narrowed, the cheeks flattened and a more retruded position of the forehead...
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