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Optimalizace procesu kontroly mléčné užitkovosti skotu prováděného firmou Natural, spol. s r.o.
ZIKMUND, Jiří
The dairy cattle recording results are among the basic information sources for breeders and breeding organizations, which is related to the improvement of breeding and breed quality. The aim of the work was to document the activity and working conditions of breeders at dairy cattle milk recording, resulting in possible optimization of some procedures in the process of control of dairy cow performance used by breeding company Natural, spol. s r.o. Another part of the thesis contains a draft of a curing plan for selected cattle breeding in order to improve its utility level. The work was followed by eight breeds, which were visited with breeding techniques four times in different seasonal conditions. In the breeding control, the breeding difference between breeds of Czech pheasant and Holstein was observed in two breeds. The preparation plan for the selected enterprise was prepared on the basis of performance monitoring documents. The monitoring showed that the technologies of milking have an impact on the time consuming of the dairy cattle milk recording process, while the positive impact on the time requirements after the transition to the electronic processing of the performance check documentation was confirmed. Other influences on the work of the worker are mentioned in the thesis. In the milk dairy inspection, an average milk yield of 2.6 ? 0.5 l / min was observed in fourteen Czech breed cows and an average fertility rate of 2.4 ? 0.5 l / min in seventeen hounds of the Holstein breed. The average rejuvenation was 13.7?3,3 l for the Czech breed and 17.5?2,1 l for the Holstein breed. By compiling the curing plan there was documented the purpose and the practice of its preparation by the breeding company, including the structure of the dairy cattle milk recording data used. At the end of the thesis, based on the findings from the dairy cattle milk recording, practical recommendations are given.
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Vliv změny technologie ustájení a výživy na užitkovost, složení mléka a zdraví dojnic
Kobalčíková, Lucie
The goal of the thesis was to evaluate the influence of stabling technology change and feeding during a stanchion barns (type K-174) reconstruction to free barn housing. The monitoring was carried out from January 2015 till February 2016. Based on the data obtained from the efficiency control for testing individual samples of milk (Milk Profit Data application) and values of pool samples during individual months were evaluated these parameters: total daily milk production, components of milk and health of dairy cows. In September 2015 were the dairy cows moved from stanchion barn into temporary conditions. There was the change of the feeding technique, housing system and milking. On the 16th December 2015, cows were moved into the newly renovated barn with a new milking house. After completion of the stress effects, there was an overall improvement of living conditions of cows. There could be seen significant improvement of the milkings hygiene which led to reducing CPM and PSB. It had an impact on cows health improvement. The change of the feeding technique also helped here. Former individually feeding components were replaced with mixed ration TMR. This resulted in a stabilization of rumen ambience, which reflected on the milk components balance. While in stanchion barn, results showed to diets errors and incidence of metabolic disorders such as acidosis, alkalosis, ketosis and diseases of mammary gland (mastitis). The results of the thesis document largely positive impact of mentioned changes - stabling technology, milking and feeding - on evaluated efficiency parameters, milk quality, milk hygiene and also metabolism of cows.
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Reprodukční výkonnost ovcí v ČR
Čudan, František
The aim of this thesis describe how we evaluate fertility and reproduction of sheep in performance testing in Czech republic, include evaluation of new traits of reproduction performance. In evaluation was traits ewe lambing rate, lambs per ewe, lambs per ewe lambing, lambs reared per ewe lambing, as a new trait weighed lambs (all in percents) and additionally lambs growth to one hundred days of life. All reproduction traits and weight of lambs in one hundred days of life have increasing tendency in Czech republic, although they are impacted by year and environment. On the percent of weighed lambs have strongest impact herd production system. The fertility and reproduction performance of sheep in performance testing in Czech republic is on the same level, like in the sheep breeding developed countries.
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Relations between production capabilities and economy of Charolais cattle breeding on selected farm
Rozsévač, Ondřej ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Zuzana, Zuzana (referee)
The aim of the dissertation is evaluation of relation between utility properties and economics of breeding cattle - breed Charolais at the chosen farm. Especially breeding conditions and zootechnical measures with their effects on the economic results in years 2009 - 2014.
There is in the literatury searches described the principle of breeding cattle and its economic conditions in the Czech Republic. Further history, characteristic of the breed and its breeding standard. There is chracterized the current state and expansion of the breed in the Czech Republic and France, the country of origin. The way of the checking the utility and the monitoring of decisive utility properties is written here.
The work was done in the farm Komensko. The farm is focused on crop production with 696ha and breeding cows without a market production of milk with 102ha meadows and pastures. There is currently bred 76 pieces in the basic herd. The herd is before completion of the transmission crossbreeding owing to repeatedly mating of bulls Charolais. The achieved results of the reproduction are good thanks to replacing insemination natural breeding. Reserves were found in growth capabilities of calves, when monitoring weights on the 120th, 210th and 365th day were lagging behind the average in the Czech Republic and France.
The achieved sales display an increasing trend, but are constrained by the expansion of basic herd and accelerated eliminate of cows with participation milk breed.
The farm shows a profit during the monitoring period. The farm had the highest profit in 2014 and it was 431 823.- CZK. By contrast the farm had the lowest profit in 2010 with the result 18 035.- CZK. Generally we can say the farm had the highest profits in the last free years. That happened because of the increasing revenues from the sold animals and higher income from the subsidies.
Promise for the future is to finish the transitional process and to allow selling the breeding material instead of the cattle for a much better price.
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Development of British beef breeds of cattle
Khajlová, Anna ; Stádník, Luděk (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on suckler cows breeding. Literary review and further details are focused on the development and application of four selected beef breeds of British origin in terms of cattle breeding in the Czech Republic.
In the introduction I would like to describe mainly the origin and domestication of cattle. Much of the work is also devoted to meat production, its control and eventually classification and monetising the final product according to a single system SEUROP applicable in countries European Union. In this chapter were simultaneously described factors of the most important facts affecting meat performance that affects the overall results of the breed, including its profitability.
The second half of the thesis summarizes the basics of cattle breeding, organization during the calendar year and grazing. There is an idea of reproduction, calving and basic measures during rearing and weaning calves. In other chapters, are explained the circumstances of the development of animal husbandry and the current status of beef breeds in the country. Also described are two basic systems of breeding beef cattle, it is a system of intensive fattening and breeding no milked cattle under extensive conditions, which are characterized in detail in a separate chapter.
In the last chapters are presented in detail four selected meat breeds originating from the British Isles, which are in our conditions most frequently raised and used for extensive breeding system no milked cattle. There is also magnified view of history. It contains breeding these selected breeds, including the identification numbers of the development from the beginning to the present.
Besides to the detailed characteristics of these selected meat breeds and their descriptions are shown and summarized like the results of performance within the CHECKS performance of beef cattle. For each breed they are processed mainly results concerning the weight of calves in individual sections and their rearing till 365 days of age, in addition, depending on gender.
At the end, there are mentioned criteria of selection program, breeding goals and standard of these four selected meat breeds of British origin.
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The consequence of milk recording in dairy cattle breeding
Pokorná, Kamila ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
This thesis is elaborated a detailed review of literature to illuminate the importance of milk recording in breeds of dairy cows, which illustrates the benefits of milk recording for breeders. The emergence of milk recording in the Czech Republic dates back to 1905, when it began milk recording carried out by the Danish model. From the beginning of the milk recording was not met with such great success. Over time, the importance of milk recording in the Czech Republic grew. Patronage over milk recording over the years was taken by the International Committee for Animal Recording (ICAR), which includes the Czech Republic since 1992. The milk recording in the Czech Republic is performed using several methods. Official method A and unofficial methods B and F, wherein the method A is divided into A4-P, A4-A and A4-T. Milk recording in the Czech Republic is performed only properly educated personnel, who takes sample in individual farms. After sampling, the samples are transported and subsequently processed in laboratories for analysis of milk. Results of milk recording are important for the monetization of milk and breeding organization. The results of many years of breeding work, the main base are just the results of milk recording, were the reduction cows and increase milk production. Only the number of cows in lactation period from the year 2005 to 2014 fell by 50,636 dairy cows. To reduce dairy cows occurred precisely because of the increasing milk production. Larger quantities of milk milked from each cow meant that there was no need for such a large amount of dairy cattle. Milk production from 2005 to 2014 increased on average by 1,477 kg, which is the result of breeding work. Importance of milk recording is currently mainly breeding again. Results of milk recording are used to select animals and to organize and manage the herd. Results of performance tests are also used in numerous researches.
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Analysis of Holstein dairy cow breeding
Váchalová, Veronika ; Toušová, Renata (advisor) ; Ducháček, Jaromír (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the breeding of Holstein dairy cattle within the system of intensive agriculture. The first chapters summarise the history of the breed, its origins and utilitarian purpose. The following chapters describe the systems of stabling, feeding and milking. The main factors affecting the economy include the quality and production of milk, as well as reproduction of dairy cows.
The practical part is engaged in the evaluation of reproduction and milk production at the farm in Tlumačov, which belongs under the Mrákov collective farm in the district of Domažlice. The farm had 239 cows of the Holstein breed in 2015. Their results were evaluated on the basis of milk utility control sheets for the period from 1st January 2015 to 31st December 2015. I divided the monitored herd into 3 groups: cows in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation. I focused on the comparison of the total milk yield, milk fat content, protein percentage and number of somatic cells in all three groups. The results showed that the average milk yield of the entire herd for 2015 was 10,064 kg with an average fat content of 384 kg (3,81%) and milk protein content of 328 kg (3,26 %). As for the number of somatic cells, the average value 130,000/ml achieved by the farm in Tlumačov is very good. The best results were achieved by cows in the 1st lactation, with the average value of 70,000/ml. Their milk therefore is in compliance with the highest quality requirements.
Reproduction was evaluated by basic parameters. The results showed that gravidity after the first insemination reached satisfactory values for heifers as well as cows. Although the service period was shorter than optimal, according to various literary sources it is tolerable. The insemination index for heifers was evaluated as very good. Cows also achieved a good result in this parameter in 2015.
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Issues of Heat sheep breeding
Křečková, Kateřina ; Fantová, Milena (advisor) ; Ptáček, Martin (referee)
The aim of my thesis was to find and evaluate available information on breeding the German Grey Heath Sheep in the Czech Republic and other countries of its current expansion.
The thesis according to available literature describes and evaluates all the characteristics of the German Grey Heath Sheep, its exterior, productive or reproductive performance, expansion in the Czech Republic, Germany and Switzerland.
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Mléčná užitkovost plemene lacaune ve vybraném chovu
CHODCOVÁ, Anna
This thesis deals with the influence of age of Lacaune breed ewes on milk performance (milk yield and the content of individual components of milk). The length of lactation was also evaluated. Data from farm Statek Horní Dvorce s.r.o. were used and entries from years 2012, 2013 and 2014, when the milk performance was monitored by method AT. With the view of the fact that the standardized lactation in 2012 was set on 240 days while since 2013 the required length was 150 days, the year 2012 was not included into the comparison due to dubiousness of the results. The influence of age of an ewe on total milk yield in the studied farm is not clear and cannot be established with significant certainty, although in the studied years the milk performance was higher than the average in the Czech republic. In the 2013 was the total milk yield 323 kg of milk and in the 2014 was 307,4 kg of milk. The findings of basic milk parameters of individual components of milk show that the age of an ewe has an influence on the components. With growing age the content of fat was decreasing. At three-year-old ewes the content of fat was 7.36%, while at four-year-olds the content reached only 7.3%. The content of lactose also seemed to decrees with age. At three-year-old ewes the content of lactose was 4.86%, while at four-year-olds the content was 4.63%. However, the content of protein had growing tendency. At three-year-old ewes the content of protein was 5.61%, while at four-year-olds the content was 5,89%. Further was evaluated the length of lactation. It was shown an increase in the average length of lactation as they get older ewes, but the effect on lactation length was also the start date of the dry period of herd.
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The comparison of growth performance of beef breed Aberdeen Angus twins
KOCÁBEK, Jan
Aberdeen Angus (originated in Scotland) is the second most common beef breed in the Czech Republic due to its resistance to adverse climatic events, modesty, earliness, ease of calving, low birth weight of calves and good maternal instincts of cows. The main economic indicator of suckler cows rearing is the number of born and weaned calves. Production of twins is possible way to improve these indicators. The aim of this thesis was to compare the growth potential of twins of Aberdeen Angus beef breed with individuals who were born as singletons. The work is focused on comparing the weight at birth, in 120 and 210 days of age. Most twins in the population of Aberdeen Angus breed reared in the Czech Republic in 2009-2013 was born in 2012 - 9.44 % (270 pcs.), the least in 2013 - 6.67 % (184 pcs.). The incidence of twins by birth order increased from 1 to 3 birth order (78, resp. 130, resp. 131 pcs.) as further increasing order resulted into decline of twin's incidence. The difference in weight between twins and singletons at birth was 5.81 kg, in 120 days 28.32 kg and 37.32 kg 210 days (P 0.001). Differences within twins by sex were for bulls and heifers statistically significant (P 0.001). The relationship between weight at birth and calving ease was also investigated - in the case of twins relationship was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). The lowest mortality rate of twins was in 2013 - 8.70 % (16 pcs.), the highest mortality rate was in 2012 36.67 % (99 pcs.). Most twins were born in 2011 (179 pcs.), whereas least twins were born in 2010 (160 pcs.).
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