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Performing a Relay Attack on Mifare Smart Cards
Činčala, Martin ; Henzl, Martin (referee) ; Malčík, Dominik (advisor)
This thesis deals with performing a relay attack on MIFARE smartcards while using off-the-shelf readers only. These readers are not designed for such attacks therefore implementation of the attack that would succeed against every smartcard was not possible. Since various attacks on smartcards have already been implemented, I have focused on the latest and still insufficiently explored card MIFARE Ultralight C. Relay attack has been implemented with simplified emulation of 4-bytes long UID and successfully tested on MIFARE Ultralight C. With the use of other readers it should be possible to perform attack also on other cards like MIFARE Plus, Desfire and SmartMX. For the purpose of cloning MIFARE Classic open-source tools are introduced.
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Security of authentication protocols
Tran, Minh ; Člupek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Dzurenda, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the security of authentication protocols. The aim of the thesis is to analyze current security threats and attacks on current card systems mainly JavaCard and Mifare. And then to create a mobile application using Android platform with NFC and HCE functions, which realises the founded attacks. These attacks are relay attack and card cloning. Mobile side of the application is written in Kotlin programming language and server side in JavaScript, EJS and CSS. In the end attacks on EMV and access system of an unnamed university are demonstrated.
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Molecular Characterisation of Parvalbumin Gene: Evolutionary Insights and Forensic Applications for Fish Species Identification and Authentication
Mukherjee, Subham ; Horká, Petra (advisor) ; Kalous, Lukáš (referee) ; Flajšhans, Martin (referee)
Abstract Parvalbumin (pvalb), a low molecular weight calcium-binding protein, plays a crucial role in regulating Ca2+ switching in fast-twitch muscle fibres and has been identified as a major cause of fish-induced food allergies. The molecular evolution of pvalb genes in teleost fish and its cause, duplication of the whole genome, was investigated, revealing high diversity and complex gene repertoires, making detection and identification challenging. This study provides robust genomic evidence of the complex evolution of parvalbumin genes in teleost fish. In addition to its role as a potent allergen, the pvalb gene, a nuclear gene, can serve as a valuable molecular marker. Keeping this in mind, a real-time PCR assay is developed to detect and quantify two European anglerfish species simultaneously, Lophius piscatorius and Lophius budegassa, which are susceptible to illegal species substitutions in the global seafood trade. The assay targets the intronic region of the pvalb gene, demonstrating high specificity, efficiency, and robustness, making it a potential forensic tool to prevent food fraud and ensure the accurate identification of fish species. Furthermore, a standardised quantitative PCR-based method is presented for the β-pvalb gene in Lophius piscatorius, utilising a plasmid DNA calibrator...
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Molecular basis of interactions between Dishevelled 3 (Dvl3) and Protein Regulator Of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1)
Kropáčková, Veronika ; Bařinka, Cyril (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee)
Scaffolding protein Disheveled (Dvl) is a key component of Wnt signaling cascades. Dvl participates in a number of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, determination of cell polarity, and also stem cell self-renewal. It is therefore indispensable for the correct embryo development and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. The protein regulator of cytokinesis (PRC1) is a microtubule-associated protein. PRC1 is involved in spindle midzone formation during cell division. Spindle midzone precedes the contractile ring assembly and is essential for normal cell cleavage. In our laboratory, PRC1 was identified as a putative interaction partner of DVL3. This master thesis is focused on delineation of the interaction interface between DVL3 and PRC1 using TIRF microscopy (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy). To this end, full-length DVL and PRC1 proteins together with their truncated variants were designed, expressed and purified. It was discovered that PRC1 interacts with all three DVL isoforms and the N-terminal part of PRC1 is required for the interaction between PRC1 and DVL3. Furthermore, the DEP domain of DVL3 is likely involved in PRC1interactions. Key words: Dishevelled 3, DVL3, Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, PRC1, interaction interface, TIRF...
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Preparation of the constructs for analysis of expression of nuclear receptor nhr-97 by using transgenic techniques in the model system Caenorhabditis elegans
Boušová, Kristýna ; Stiborová, Marie (advisor) ; Hudeček, Jiří (referee)
The aim of this work was to prepare two constructs of the promoter of a gene coding for nuclear hormone receptor nhr-97 in C. elegans. Nuclear receptors belong to a large group of genes sharing homologous sequences in some vertebrate nuclear receptors. The first part of the work describes the structure of nuclear hormone receptors, their function and significance in the nematodes C. elegans. The model organism C. elegans, its anatomy, life cycle and genome were also described. The work also discusses the structure and use of green fluorescent protein (GFP), which serves to localize the expression of the nhr-97 gene in C. elegans. In the practical part of the work, the preparation of two constructs of the promoter is described. Isolation of genomic DNA of C. elegans, PCR amplification of the promoters and their subsequent cloning into vector pPD95.67 containing a gene coding for green fluorescent protein were performed. To verify the successful cloning of the promoter constructs, sequencing DNA was performed. Cloned promoters of nhr-97 will be used for microinjetions to C. elegans gonads and the expression of this gene regulated from particular promoters will be subsequently monitored using expression of green fluorescent protein in progeny.
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Preparation of expression system of gamma-lactamase and expression testing
Magyerková, Monika ; Ingr, Marek (advisor) ; Šácha, Pavel (referee)
γ-lactamase is an enzyme clearing five-membered lactam cycles. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is one of its potential substrates. Degradation of PVP by γ-lactamase is being studied due to its eventual use in waste-water purifying plants. The aim of the work was to prepare a synthetic gene from the bacterium Comamonas acidovorans and to clone it into the expression vector pET22b. PCA method was used for the synthesis of the γ-lactamase gene. 1725 bp long sequence of the γ-lactamase gene was split into two parts (synthons) which were synthesized individually. After the synthesis restriction cleavage and ligation to the vector pUC19 were performed. Competent cells E. coli, strain DH5α, were transformed by the obtained construct. After the sequence confirmation both synthons were cleaved by restriction endonucleases and connected by single-step ligation to the plasmid pET22b. Expression bacterial cells E. coli, strain BL21(DE3)RIL, were transformed by the recombinant plasmid containing the connected synthons and expression of the recombinant γ-lactamase was tested. Sequence of the clone producing a protein of the expected length was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The prepared plasmid will be used for the expression of recombinant γ- lactamase. (In English)
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Preparation of a library of methionine sulfoxide reductase for applications in synthesis of chiral sulfoxides
Havelka, Václav ; Míšek, Jiří (advisor) ; Hlouchová, Klára (referee)
Chiral sulfoxides are important compounds in the pharmaceutical and chemical industries, however, their enantioselective synthesis providing only one desired enantiomer is not fully mastered. Some natural enzymes can be used for the biocatalytic preparation of chiral sulfoxides. One of such enzymes is methionine sulphoxide reductase. Methionine sulphoxide reductase is an enzyme limiting the effects of reactive oxygen radicals in the organism resulting from oxygen metabolism. Its function is the reduction of methionine sulfoxide in proteins to methionine. There are two types of methionine sulphoxide reductase, methionine sulphoxide reductase A reducing only (S)-methionine sulphoxide and methionine sulphoxide reductase B reducing (R)-methionine sulphoxide. Methionesulfoxide reductase B is suitable for the preparation of (S)-sulfoxides, however its catalytic activity is not sufficient for practical use. Using the recombinant DNA and mutagenic PCR techniques, a methionine sulphoxide reductase B mutant library was prepared, and the extent and nature of mutation introduced was determined. This library will serve as a starting point for the controlled evolution of the enzyme to obtain clones with increased activity and reduced substrate specificity.
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Security of authentication protocols
Tran, Minh ; Člupek, Vlastimil (referee) ; Dzurenda, Petr (advisor)
This thesis deals with the security of authentication protocols. The aim of the thesis is to analyze current security threats and attacks on current card systems mainly JavaCard and Mifare. And then to create a mobile application using Android platform with NFC and HCE functions, which realises the founded attacks. These attacks are relay attack and card cloning. Mobile side of the application is written in Kotlin programming language and server side in JavaScript, EJS and CSS. In the end attacks on EMV and access system of an unnamed university are demonstrated.
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Molecular basis of interactions between Dishevelled 3 (Dvl3) and Protein Regulator Of Cytokinesis 1 (PRC1)
Kropáčková, Veronika ; Bařinka, Cyril (advisor) ; Macůrková, Marie (referee)
Scaffolding protein Disheveled (Dvl) is a key component of Wnt signaling cascades. Dvl participates in a number of biological processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and migration, determination of cell polarity, and also stem cell self-renewal. It is therefore indispensable for the correct embryo development and tissue homeostasis in adulthood. The protein regulator of cytokinesis (PRC1) is a microtubule-associated protein. PRC1 is involved in spindle midzone formation during cell division. Spindle midzone precedes the contractile ring assembly and is essential for normal cell cleavage. In our laboratory, PRC1 was identified as a putative interaction partner of DVL3. This master thesis is focused on delineation of the interaction interface between DVL3 and PRC1 using TIRF microscopy (Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence microscopy). To this end, full-length DVL and PRC1 proteins together with their truncated variants were designed, expressed and purified. It was discovered that PRC1 interacts with all three DVL isoforms and the N-terminal part of PRC1 is required for the interaction between PRC1 and DVL3. Furthermore, the DEP domain of DVL3 is likely involved in PRC1interactions. Key words: Dishevelled 3, DVL3, Protein regulator of cytokinesis 1, PRC1, interaction interface, TIRF...
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