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Metaphors in Partners' Calling
Štěpánová, Pavla ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
Diploma thesis Figurativeness of denominations in a partnership based on a questionnare survey deals with a discourse of figurative denominations in partnerhips. Firstly, the position of partnership denominations within the field of onomastics is defined and a general language characteristics of these denomations is presented. Further on, the main ideas from cognitive linguistics are presented, especially the conceptual metaphor theory which has been the basis for an analysis and interpretation of partnership denominations. These have been divided into several semantical groups in the context of which the partnership denominations are being analysed.
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Politeness in Communication of Women and Men
Kaushiková, Martina ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
The bachelor thesis deals with the issues of politeness in communication of women and men. The focus is on three types of communication situation, which differ depending on the gender of the communicators: 1) communicators are only women, 2) communicators are only men, 3) communicators are both men and women. The theoretical part of the thesis deals with delimiting communication, politeness concepts and social roles. The work is delimited towards Grice's cooperative principle in relation to Leech's concept of politeness. The aim of the bachelor thesis is to compare the theory and the approach of individual linguists with real displays of politeness in common communication on the basis of a questionnaire. Special attention is given to the characteristic of language devices used in polite communication; the use of language devices by males and females is compared. An integral component of the work is correlating the differences in the conception as well as in the display of politeness in men and women with the differences in the language perception of the world of a man and a woman.
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The Dog in Linguistic Picture of the World in Czech
Prokšová, Hana ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Bozděchová, Ivana (referee)
I. Abstract This paper is based on the theoretical principes of the Polish ethnolinguistic works introduced in the first part of this paper. We pay special attention to the theory of anthropocentrism of a natural language. The main focus of this theory is the differentiation between "one's own" and "human" on one side and "someone else's" and "non-human"on the other in a cognitive comprehension of the world. We further apply the anthropocentric approach to outline the conceptualization of domestic animals in the Czech language. The second part of the text deals with the expression pes (‚dog') in Czech and its derivatives, their position within the lexical system, their semantics, connotations and the stereotypes associated with them. The conclusion presents a cognitive definition of the concept pes (‚dog') in Czech. The definition builds upon the entry structure of the Polish Dictionary of Folk Stereotypes and Symbols.
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The linguistic picture of the leg/legs in Czech
Čurdová, Veronika ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Pacovská, Jasňa (referee)
The thesis is a contribution to the study of designations of the human body in the Czech language and is based on contemporary theories and methods of cognitive and cultural approaches to language. It focuses on that part of reality which is called noha / nohy by members of Czech linguistic community. First, two terminological perspectives from which the leg / legs can be seen were comapared: the natural perspective of the linguistic picture of the world and the scientific medical perspective. The medical perspective tends to categorize parts of the body very precisely, it also analyses deep structures of the leg / legs. In contrast the natural perspectives only the surface of the leg / legs and distinguishes those categories which are significant for humans and their existence in the world. In the main chapter we attempt to define the meaning of the Czech noha / nohy and of parts of the leg / legs by analysing definitions in Czech monolingual dictionaries, etymology of words, derived words and compounds, synonyms and especially phraseology. Based on the analysis of these sources we determined the systemic connotations and connected semantic profiles. We set down four semantic profiles: 1) appearance of leg / legs; 2) leg /legs as a part of the human body; 3) leg / legs as a means of movement...
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Culturological aspects in lessons of Russina and German (based on the material regarding Czech, Russian and German lores)
Havelková, Lenka ; Žofková, Hana (advisor) ; Nečasová, Pavla (referee) ; Vysloužilová, Eva (referee)
HAVELKOVÁ, L. Culturological aspects in lessons of Russian and German (based on the material regarding Czech, Russian and German lores) : Dissertation thesis. Praha : Univerzita Karlova, 2011. 254 p. Supervisor: PhDr. Hana Žofková, CSc. Key words: communicative competence, comparison of lores, (folk)lores, foreign-language education, language picture of the world, sociolinguistic competence, use of lores in foreing- language teaching Abstract: The dissertation thesis deals with culturological aspects of foreign-language education when concentrating on folklores, their culturological potential, their comparison and the possibility of their use in German and Russian language class work. The thesis is dedicated to the issue that has not been either theoretically or practically developed yet. The main objective was the discovery whether folklores can be used in foreign-language education while shaping communicative competence and eventually how they can be used. The thesis comes out from general relation between a language and culture, from knowledge about national culture and its components and from the analysis of basic modern linguistic didactic principles. The theoretical part explains basic terms and relations towards related disciplines which are crucial for the issue solution as well as the communicative...
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Concept of the four seasons in Czech language
Pevná, Lucie ; Janovec, Ladislav (advisor) ; Chejnová, Pavla (referee)
The diploma thesis explores the four seasons from the view point of the linguistic picture of the world theory. The etholinguistic approach is applied in the thesis - attention is paid to the Czech-specific perception of reality especially focused on the weather and the changes of the nature in the course of the four seasons. Human perception of the change is based upon the senses - the sense of hearing, the sense of smell, and touch and the eyesight. Each season is unique. The seasons can be differentiated by their season specific stereotypes, season prototypes, and connotations. On the linguistic pictures of each season collocations are built, from which new lexical items originate, describing the season as such. Due to anthropocentrism we perceive individual astronomical and meteorological issues as personified items to which we ascribe human behaviour and human qualities. The motto of the thesis says: "I will not do the spring sowing next year. " The motto denotes the interaction of two conceptual schemata (the scheme of a cycle and the scheme of a journey) realizing the fact that the natural cycle corresponds in our mental representation with the phases of human life. The difference between the concepts is that man always reaches the terminal point of his journey unlike the nature constantly...
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Birds in the phraseological similes. Contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech
Šťastná, Lucie ; Vaňková, Irena (advisor) ; Andrlová Fidlerová, Alena (referee)
This bachelor's thesis is a contribution to the study of the linguistic picture of the world in Czech. The first chapter of the thesis describes the formal semantic structure of the phraseological simile and further discusses the simile's position within the linguistic picture of the world. Moreover, the chapter defines the thematic group of zoonyms (names of animals) in relation to similes. The second chapter presents the linguistic picture of the prototype of a bird, and the next one focuses on specific bird species. The thesis not only reconstructs particular linguistic pictures, but also, most importantly, links them with phraseology - primarily with lexicalized similes. These set phrases relate to the bird itself (its body, behaviour and character) as well as to various significant aspects of its life (e.g. its nest or eggs).
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Second language acquisition (English) based on mother tongue (Czech) - connections to the theory of children's language picture of the world
Lopatová, Lucie ; Pacovská, Jasňa (advisor) ; Filippová, Eva (referee)
This thesis engages in the language acquistion of the mother tongue (czech) and the second language (English) in preschool age and discribes the development of child language competence in both languages based on available theories, results of illustrative research and one-year observation in kindergarten with bilingual education program. In the beginning, there are defined theories which engaged in past and engage today (from 20th century till the present day) in study of language acquisition. In addition of these theories we focus factors which influence on the language development of children and consideration even theory of children's linguistic picture of the world. We compare the development of language competence (phonetic-phonological, semantic, grammatical, communication, pragmatic and vocabulary) in first language (czech) which are defined in agreement with available theories with empirical discoveries which indicate the development of those competence in second language (English) and we discribe partial methodological processes.
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Phrasems in Norwegian and Czech - A Comparison from the Cognitive Linguistics Perspective
Payneová, Marie ; Štajnerová, Petra (advisor) ; Vaňková, Irena (referee)
In this thesis we deal with the analysis of expressions - in particular the metaphorical and phraseological expressions - containing a motive of an animal in Czech and Norwegian. The method is based on cognitive linguistics, mainly on the Polish ethnolinguistic school, with a special focus on the definition of metaphor and symbol from the point of view of the philosophical hermeneutics. We describe and support some common principles of the perception and conceptualization of animals in both languages and we focus on semantic connections concerning this topic. Our main focus is on the expression wolf - we compare the linguistic picture of the world of this controversial animal in Czech and Norwegian.
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