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Nonindigenous amphibian and reptile species of the Near and Middle East
Pazderková, Marie ; Šmíd, Jiří (advisor) ; Brejcha, Jindřich (referee)
This literary review summarizes information about twelve reptile and amphibian species, which are nonindigenous for the Near and Middle East. The studied area comprises the following states: Bahrain, Egypt, Iraq, Iran, Israel, Jordan, Qatar, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Palestine. Nonindigenous species are introduced to new localities mainly via human causation. It can be either unintentional, such as transportation of the animal along with agricultural crops or exotic plants, or intentional, such as releasing the animal into the wild by breeder. Introduction of nonindigenous species can have unfortunate consequences for the stability of the indigenous ecosystem. From a human point of view, nonindigenous species can negatively affect local agriculture. Key words: Nonindigenous species, invasive species, Near East, Middle East, ecosystem, introduction, reptile, amphibian
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Is vertebrate local biodiversity influenced by beaver activity?
Komár, Ondřej ; Munclinger, Pavel (advisor) ; Uhlíková, Jitka (referee)
Beavers (Castor spp.) are ecological engineers and keystone species thanks to their ability to significantly modify the landscape to suit their ecological needs. Beaver, however, do not only create suitable habitats for themselfs, but as well for the whole spectrum of other vertebrate species and thus they increase local species richness. Currently there are only two extant species of beaver, European beaver (Castor fiber) and North American beaver (Castor canadensis), but they do not differ in their ability to modify the local landscape under the same ecological conditions. The construction of a beaver dam on the water stream and the subsequent flooding of the landscape results in the creation of a beaver pond, which is suitable habitat for amphibians, freshwater turtles, water birds and shorebirds. Beavers also create suitable habitats for other semi-aquatic mammals such as muskrat (Ondatra zibethicus) and Eurasian river otter (Lutra lutra). The efect of beaver activity on the local richness of fish species is complex and depends on the water stream characteristics, such as the stream gradient. Beaver dams can also limit the movement of migratory fish to some extent, but the dams do not represents an absolute migration barrier. Beaver do not just affect vertebrate communities inhabiting aquatic...
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Ecology of the Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) in the Czech Republic
Stejskalová, Nikol ; Weiser, Martin (advisor) ; Pergl, Jan (referee)
The Tree of Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) is an invasive deciduous tree, which has spread to every continent except Antarctica from its original area. It came to the Czech Republic in the 19th century as ornamental tree to the gardens of castles and parks. Later it spread to surrounding cities, but also into wild nature. Nowadays we find it in the Czech Republic primarily in hotter and drier areas and human disturbed areas. Its occurrence in these areas may suggest ideal conditions, which A. altissima seeks for its growth and spread. Studied conditions in this bachelor thesis are light, temperature, soil, water availability and overall environment, which A. altissima finds in its native and non-native area. Limits for the individual conditions were investigated, and these could define, where A. altissima can appear and where it cannot. Then everything was linked to the conditions in the Czech Republic. The results show that its appearance in the Czech Republic is mostly affected by altitude and average annual temperature linked with it. Shading limits A. altissima, but less than it was expected. When it comes to soil and water availability, A. altissima is very undemanding. The question is if A. altissima has already managed to occupy every location where it is able to grow in the Czech Republic and...
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Vliv hlaváče černoústého (Neogobius melanostomus) na potravní řetězec řeky Ploučnice
STANĚK, Pavel
Biological invasions are prominent factor affecting changes in invaded ecosystems. Invasive species can alter in food web of the indigenous community, which leads to changes in the community through ecological and economic effects. This work was focused on the effect of the Round goby (Neogobius melanostomus, Pallas 1814) food web of river Ploučnice. Round goby was first recorded recently in the Czech Republic (2015). Thus, it can still be considered a young invader into Czech inland waters. The main goals of this thesis were: I) to reveal Round goby food source preferences, II) to Competition between Round goby and European bullhead (Cottus gobio, L 1758), as this species is a native endangered species present at this locality. III) Possible preferences of Round goby as a putative food source of predatory fishes in sampled localities. For this purpose, River Ploučnice has been chosen. River Ploučnice flows into Elbe River, which is fully invaded by Round goby. Thus, the bottom part of the Ploučnice River is invaded by Round goby as well. However, thanks to the presence of migratory barriers between localities, Round goby has not yet been detected in localities upstream. To reveal mention goals all biota units in all localities were sampled. Later, stable isotope analysis (carbon and nitrogen) followed by Bayesian models were employed. In general, results suggest that this species had the highest abundance among other species in localities with an established Round goby population. In addition, results reveal Round goby as a true generalist regarding food source preferences. Comparing trophic niche width and overlap showed a significant overlap between some of the ontogenetic groups of round goby and European bullhead, reaching up to 67,8 %. Also, increased niche overlap between ontogenetic stages of European bullhead was observed when Round goby was present, in comparison to localities without the presence of Round goby. Additionally, predatory fish food preferences showed no specialization on round goby as a food source, although round goby was part of their diets. In conclusion, this was found round gobyas a consumer, competitor, and even as a food source for predatory fishes.
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Problematika invazních druhů raků na území České republiky
Čuprová, Veronika
The diploma thesis following the bachelor thesis "Invasive species in the Czech Republic" is focused on the issue of invasive species of crayfish. The aim of the thesis is to describe the legislation, the current method of monitoring these species and the possibilities of their regulation. The thesis deals with the monitoring of invasive crayfish species at two selected sites in the Czech Republic and the application of appropriate regulatory interventions. Along with the monitoring, water samples were taken and analyses for the presence of crayfish plague were carried out. The results show that at the Prostřední rybník site, where the marbled crayfish occurs and where eradication measures have been underway since 2020, it has still not been completely successfully eradicated. From the interview conducted with local respondents, it was found that about half of the respondents are aware of this issue, thanks to the actions carried out to eliminate this species and the information boards posted in the area. In addition to the signal crayfish, a small population of the native endangered river crayfish is also present at Besének. Regulatory measures have also been implemented at this site in order to eliminate this invasive species as much as possible and to prevent potential threats to the native crayfish. Based on the results obtained, further possible control measures were proposed at both sites. In the future, more focus should be placed on education of this highly topical issue, as public awareness and understanding is considered one of the most effective preventive measures.
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Vegetace na zemědělské půdě v blízkosti železničních tratí
Vidrmertová, Ivana
The aim of this study was to monitor the vegetation, species distribution and percent cover of each species in an orchard adjacent to a railway line. Three sites were selected for observation, namely the orchard inter-row, the path in the orchard and the railway embankment. Vegetation was assessed by phytocenological photographs, of which 18 were taken, each covering 10 m2. The observations were carried out in July and September 2022. The data were processed by principal component analysis (PCA) and redundancy analysis (RDA). At the same time, the data were tabulated according to habitat and date of observation. Thirty-eight plant species were found during the assessment, and individual weed species representation was distributed into five groups according to habitat. Among the species assessed, five invasive species were found - Amaranthus retroflexus, Cirsium arvense, Erigeron annuus, Setaria pumila and Solidago canadensis.
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Hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues
Rudolf, Vít ; Stejskal, Vojtěch (advisor) ; Sobotka, Michal (referee)
1 Hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues Abstract The diploma thesis focuses on the hunting and fishing in the light of selected environmental issues. Both hunting and fishing are activities that may serve as freetime activities, but their main purpose is nature conservation and as such should respond to the changes in nature brought about by climate change. The aim of this diploma thesis is to provide the reader with a basic insight into the legal regulation of hunting and fishing and to assess the current legal regulation in terms of preparedness for the changes in nature brought about by ongoing climate change. The second objective is pursued by answering three questions: "Does the Czech legislation sufficiently care about biodiversity conservation?", "Does the Czech legislation effectively combat invasive and non-native species?" and "Is Czech legislation prepared for the changes in animal behaviour that will inevitably occur in the context of climate change?". The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters. The beginning of the diploma thesis focuses on the issue of climate change, where the emphasis is mainly placed on laying out the problems related to the loss of biodiversity, the introduction of non-native species and changes in animal behaviour. Next, the diploma...
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