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Effect of material moisture on mechanical properties of a FDM printed part
Matějka, Tomáš ; Zouhar, Jan (referee) ; Zemčík, Oskar (advisor)
This thesis deals with the effect of humidity to the mechanical properties of 3D FDM printed parts. The aim of the thesis was to experimentally determine the rate of infulence of humidity to the mechanical properties, according to selected tests, for 3D printed parts by FDM method. Furthermore the course of air moisture absorption over time was monitored. The thesis contains description of the machines and material used. The way in which materials absorb moisture is also described here. Based on the research were selected specific materials, PLA, ABS, PETG, ASA and Nylon PA12. Tested samples were produced on a Kossel Linear Plus 3D printer from Anycubic. First experiment dealt with weight loss due to drying and the weight change due to air mositure absorption over time. This was followed by experimental evaluation of changes in tensile properties of the samples. In the next part of the thesis the change in toughness of materials was evaluated. There were made analysis of the macrostructure of the quarries for both tests. Furthermore the hardeness change was measured depending on the presence of moisture in the original samples. A microtome cut was made to analyze the results. The last part of the work was the economic evaluation of drying processes, which resulted in specific recommendations for the storage of printing materials.
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Empirical evaluation of the relative economic sovereignty of the EU: implications for anti-coercion policies
Kovalchuk, Olha ; Semerák, Vilém (advisor) ; Schwarz, Jiří (referee)
Zvýšené geopolitické napětí v posledním desetiletí odhalilo řadu hrozeb, které by mohly ohrozit relativní ekonomickou suverenitu Evropské unie. Pokusy velkých mocností, jako jsou USA, Čína a Rusko, ovlivnit politickou integritu EU prostřednictvím ekonomicky donucovacích opatření, ukázaly zásadní význam pro zajištění odolných dodavatelských řetězců. Tato práce poskytuje analýzu možných zranitelností dodavatelských řetězců EU v letech 1995-2020 na základě analýzy vstupů a výstupů a analýzy přímých dovozních závislostí na základě dat BACI. Modifikovaná metoda hypotetické extrakce, metoda globální extrakce, byla použita k měření účinků simulovaných šoků na ekonomiku EU ze zákazů dovozu ze strany hlavních světových mocností a naopak. Klíčové závislosti mezi EU a Ruskem, Čínou a USA byly zjištěny z hlediska přímých dovozních závislostí, meziproduktů a celkových vstupů, konečné poptávky a přidané hodnoty. Klíčová zjištění práce odhalují, že i když existuje vysoká míra vzájemné závislosti mezi EU a dalšími hlavními aktéry, důležitost obrany její ekonomické suverenity zůstává zásadní pro ochranu politické integrity EU před zahraničními donucovacími opatřeními.
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The role of nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondrial metabolism
Čunátová, Kristýna
Mitochondria, 'the powerhouses of the cell', house the integral metabolism pathway of oxidative phosphorylation to produce the majority of cellular energy. Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase, also called complex IV (cIV), is indispensable for the overall oxidative phosphorylation function as the terminal oxidase, and for its regulation to sustain energetic needs. Since cIV is a multimeric enzyme composed of subunits encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, its biogenesis is a complicated process, which needs to be coordinated to complete a fully functional complex. Further, the setup of individual nuclear-encoded subunits isoforms of cIV may fine-tune cIV function based on the tissue or the environment context. Despite the physiological and pathological relevance of cIV composition, biogenesis, and the secondary deficiencies triggered by cIV defects, nuclear-encoded subunits' function remains poorly understood. At first, mammalian COX4 subunit isoforms with tissue- and oxygen-dependent expression were studied in the HEK293 cellular model with an exclusive expression of COX4I1 or COX4I2 isoform. Remarkably, the COX4I2 isozyme showed lower affinity to oxygen, which may imply regulation of cIV activity under hypoxia, and is of physiological relevance for the oxygen-sensing mechanism. Further,...
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The role of nuclear-encoded subunits of cytochrome c oxidase in mitochondrial metabolism
Čunátová, Kristýna ; Pecina, Petr (advisor) ; Gahura, Ondřej (referee) ; Ugalde, Cristina (referee)
Mitochondria, 'the powerhouses of the cell', house the integral metabolism pathway of oxidative phosphorylation to produce the majority of cellular energy. Mammalian cytochrome c oxidase, also called complex IV (cIV), is indispensable for the overall oxidative phosphorylation function as the terminal oxidase, and for its regulation to sustain energetic needs. Since cIV is a multimeric enzyme composed of subunits encoded by nuclear and mitochondrial genomes, its biogenesis is a complicated process, which needs to be coordinated to complete a fully functional complex. Further, the setup of individual nuclear-encoded subunits isoforms of cIV may fine-tune cIV function based on the tissue or the environment context. Despite the physiological and pathological relevance of cIV composition, biogenesis, and the secondary deficiencies triggered by cIV defects, nuclear-encoded subunits' function remains poorly understood. At first, mammalian COX4 subunit isoforms with tissue- and oxygen-dependent expression were studied in the HEK293 cellular model with an exclusive expression of COX4I1 or COX4I2 isoform. Remarkably, the COX4I2 isozyme showed lower affinity to oxygen, which may imply regulation of cIV activity under hypoxia, and is of physiological relevance for the oxygen-sensing mechanism. Further,...
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Security Risks for Critical Infrastructure in the Water Management Sector
Fošumpaurová, Anna ; Špelda, Petr (advisor) ; Střítecký, Vít (referee)
The thesis examines the security concerns connected with the critical infrastructures in the water management sector, specifically hydraulic structures comprising the drinking water supply system. The thesis focuses on systemic risk and reliability assessment as a component of contemporary principles and security practices comprising the critical infrastructure protection (CIP) framework. The foremost objective is to explore to which extent Czech domestic procedures peruse the international expertise when assessing systemic risks stemming from the dependencies and interaction of water supply chain components. Investigating the present-state risk assessment relates strongly to the policy development at the European Union level. For that reason, the thesis commits particular attention to the Council Directive 2008/114/EC and Directive (EU) 2020/2184 and their impacts on the management and operation of critical infrastructures in the water supply sector. The thesis also studies the state- of-the-art reliability assessment methods for water distribution networks. The acquired knowledge is utilised to estimate the reliability of a study distribution network using stochastic simulation and survey selected network robustness-improving solutions. The thesis identifies the critical elements of a water...
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Effect of material moisture on mechanical properties of a FDM printed part
Matějka, Tomáš ; Zouhar, Jan (referee) ; Zemčík, Oskar (advisor)
This thesis deals with the effect of humidity to the mechanical properties of 3D FDM printed parts. The aim of the thesis was to experimentally determine the rate of infulence of humidity to the mechanical properties, according to selected tests, for 3D printed parts by FDM method. Furthermore the course of air moisture absorption over time was monitored. The thesis contains description of the machines and material used. The way in which materials absorb moisture is also described here. Based on the research were selected specific materials, PLA, ABS, PETG, ASA and Nylon PA12. Tested samples were produced on a Kossel Linear Plus 3D printer from Anycubic. First experiment dealt with weight loss due to drying and the weight change due to air mositure absorption over time. This was followed by experimental evaluation of changes in tensile properties of the samples. In the next part of the thesis the change in toughness of materials was evaluated. There were made analysis of the macrostructure of the quarries for both tests. Furthermore the hardeness change was measured depending on the presence of moisture in the original samples. A microtome cut was made to analyze the results. The last part of the work was the economic evaluation of drying processes, which resulted in specific recommendations for the storage of printing materials.
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Current diversification scenarios of the Russian Federation on one side and the V4 countries on the other with respect to the interdependence theory
Záhradníková, Lea ; Holubcová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The thesis focuses on current diversification scenarios in the field of gas supply the Visegrad Group (V4) and the Russian Federation relying on the model of asymmetrical interdependence. Russian Federation, the main supplier of natural gas to this region, has lost its status of a reliable partner due to the gas wars with Ukraine in 2006 and 2009, which have negatively affected the supply of natural gas to the EU countries. The research focuses on the current diversification options of V4 countries related to their suppliers and supply routes with respect to their relationship with the Russian Federation; the diversification options for the purchasing markets of the Russian Federation are also analyzed. The author validates the hypothesis that energy relations among the Visegrad countries and the Russian Federation in the field of gas supply are largely controlled by the asymmetric interdependence that is currently exacerbating tensions among the set actors. Current diversification scenarios are presented and evaluated, with the aim of assessing the importance of the projects with regard to actors' energy security. Keywords: interdependence, energy security, diversification, gas supply, gas interconnector, V4, Energy Union, Russian Federation, Nord Stream II, LNG
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Geopolitics of Oil
Odintsov, Nikita ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Binhack, Petr (referee)
The aim of the Geopolitics of Oil is to find a theoretical conceptualization of oil trade regime evolution and its changes during the period between the end of the World War II and 2011. This thesis builds on the two major theories of international relations: neorealism and interdependence theory. The theoretical part of the paper analyzes their main contributions and weaknesses. This enables to formulate the new approach to political economy of oil with a special emphasis on geo-economics. This thesis seeks to answer two main research questions: 1) "Under which conditions do oil exporters consolidate their energy sector?" and 1) "What is the reason for engagement of foreign powers in the oil regions?" This thesis examines relations between exporters from the Persian Gulf and the United States. Interdependence theory is tested by a calculation of symmetry or asymmetry in interdependent relationship between importers and exporters, which is done by a comparison of the market shares between the two during the period of changes in the oil trade regimes. Neorealist theory and political economy of oil approach are examined through detailed case studies that inquire how oil importers and exporters have tried to use oil to pursue their own power interests. This thesis concludes that the geopolitics of oil...
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Current diversification scenarios of the Russian Federation on one side and the V4 countries on the other with respect to the interdependence theory
Záhradníková, Lea ; Holubcová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kučerová, Irah (referee)
The thesis focuses on current diversification scenarios in the field of gas supply the Visegrad Group (V4) and the Russian Federation relying on the model of asymmetrical interdependence. Russian Federation, the main supplier of natural gas to this region, has lost its status of a reliable partner due to the gas wars with Ukraine in 2006 and 2009, which have negatively affected the supply of natural gas to the EU countries. The research focuses on the current diversification options of V4 countries related to their suppliers and supply routes with respect to their relationship with the Russian Federation; the diversification options for the purchasing markets of the Russian Federation are also analyzed. The author validates the hypothesis that energy relations among the Visegrad countries and the Russian Federation in the field of gas supply are largely controlled by the asymmetric interdependence that is currently exacerbating tensions among the set actors. Current diversification scenarios are presented and evaluated, with the aim of assessing the importance of the projects with regard to actors' energy security. Keywords: interdependence, energy security, diversification, gas supply, gas interconnector, V4, Energy Union, Russian Federation, Nord Stream II, LNG
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Interdependence and Power in EU-Russian Gas Relations
Abubakirova, Evgenia ; Svoboda, Karel (advisor) ; Young, Mitchell (referee)
The aim of this thesis is to investigate gas interdependence for political relations between the European Union and the Russian Federation. Despite of the fact that relations in the gas sphere still have particular importance for both parties, after the Ukrainian crisis, sanctions and counter-sanctions applied, they have reached the lowest point of cooperation since the end of the Cold War. This thesis is based on the interdependence model of international relations theory, asymmetries in sensitivity and vulnerability of the EU and Russia were connected to their strategies as part of the political power play. Therefore, conflict situation, high level of sensitivity and vulnerability, and interest in finding alternatives of both parties lead to the situation of 'negative interdependence'. In this context, this kind of interdependence where partners would rather avoid relations logically pushes the EU and Russia apart and stimulates reconsideration of their relationship in gas sphere.
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