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Preparation of myo-inositol derivatives
Kurčina, Adam ; Kamlar, Martin (advisor) ; Baszczyňski, Ondřej (referee)
Phosphoinositides are naturally occurring molecules with vast range of biological activity important for cell life and survival. The exact role and mechanism of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate's actions are not yet elucidated. This bachelor's thesis is dedicated to the synthesis of selectively protected myo-inositol derivative suitable as precursor for synthesis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate derivatives. Key words: Inositol, protective groups, regioisomers
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Flexibility of cyclitol metabolism as a component of effective plant defense against water scarcity
Skulníková, Barbora ; Konrádová, Hana (advisor) ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on plant defence mechanisms against drought stress and salinity stress associated with the production of compatible solutes, while attention is paid to the accumulation of cyclic sugar alcohols, myo-inositol and its methylated derivatives. It describes the occurrence of these substances, their biosynthesis and function in plants. Another part of this thesis focuses on the crystalline ice plant (Mesembranthemum crystallinum), which is an important producer of these substances and serves as a model used to study the stress response in plants. It describes its life cycle and especially the mechanisms that makes it resistant to drought stress and salinity. The last chapter is dedicated to the knowledge gained through the study of transgenic plants, which were prepared using genes from crystalline ice plant and other stress tolerant plants.
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Pleiotropic effects of transcriptional protein Opi1 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Pavlíčková, Martina ; Schierová, Michaela (advisor) ; Mašek, Tomáš (referee)
Phospholipid biosynthesis in Sacchromyces cerevisiae is regulated by Ino2p-Ino4p activation complex and Opi1p repressor. The most highly regulated INO1 gene encodes inositol-3- phosphate synthase. This enzyme catalyzes the first step of the metabolic pathway of inositol synthesis. The Ino2p-Ino4p activation complex binds to the promoter of the target genes and interacts with other proteins necessary for activation (Snf1p, SAGA, SWI/SNF, INO80). The Opi1p represses transcription by direct binding to Ino2p and by interaction with other proteins (Sin3p, Cyc8p). The activity of Opi1p protein is mediated by cellular localization and by phosphorylation. The regulation of phospholipids is dependent on the growth phase and on the availability of precursors. Apart from its repressor activity, Opi1p affects mitochondrial metabolism, endoplasmic reticulum stress, cell size, mat formation and invasive growth.
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