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Methods of Biomedical Informatics in the study of inflammatory bowel disease in children
Čopová, Ivana ; Hradský, Ondřej (advisor) ; Ďuricová, Dana (referee) ; Krupička, Radim (referee)
METHODS OF BIOMEDICAL INFORMATICS IN THE STUDY OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN CHILDREN Abstract Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are a group of chronic, polygenic diseases primarily affecting the gastrointestinal tract, with an increasing incidence in both adult and paediatric populations globally. These diseases include Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and so-called IBD unclassified (IBD-U). Faecal calprotectin (FC) is a marker of inflammation in IBD and its levels correlate with disease activity as defined by clinical parameters, endoscopic findings and histology. Current medical practice is associated with the availability of a large amount of clinical data and the desire to apply it effectively in the medical decision-making process in such a way as to achieve the maximum possible reduction in the risk of adverse disease course and the occurrence of disease- and/or treatment-associated complications. The primary goal of this dissertation is to apply biomedical informatics methods to paediatric IBD in the process of validating FC in predicting disease activity and response to treatment, searching for additional potential predictive factors, and developing prediction models for specific clinical situations. We found that the development of FC levels in the early phase of induction therapy...
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Histopathological predictors of clinical course severity and development of surgical complications in children with inflammatory bowel diseases
Fabián, Ondřej ; Zámečník, Josef (advisor) ; Daum, Ondřej (referee) ; Karásková, Eva (referee)
The aim of the presented thesis is to summarize a benefit and limitations of histopathological assessment of bioptic samples for diagnostics and prediction of complicated course of the disease in children with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We would also like to outline a potential benefit of more sophisticated histopathological methods in these domains. In the first phase of our research, we aimed at correlation of microscopical disease activity in children with Crohn's disease (CD) with activity assessed endoscopically and clinically. We also examined a histopathology as a possible predictor of development of complications, since previous works on adult cohorts indicate only a limited predictive value of microscopy. Our study confirmed this premise also for pediatric patients, since histopathological findings correlated weakly with endoscopy, didn't correlate with clinical activity of the disease and did predict none of the defined complications. On the other hand, endoscopy appeared to be a reliable predictor of complicated course of the disease. In the next part of our research, we were searching for other, more precise methods of assessment of histopathological disease activity that could serve as predictors of complications. We focused at immunohistochemical assessment of tissue...
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Dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in inflammatory bowel diseases
Armerová, Eliška ; Petrezsélyová, Silvia (advisor) ; Červená, Klára (referee)
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of enzymes involved in many cellular processes such as DNA damage repair, transport of membrane proteins, chromatin modification, cell cycle and apoptosis. E3 ubiquitin ligases have been shown to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and their abnormal function associated with their deregulation contributes to inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In recent years, GWAS has identified approximately 200 risk loci that are susceptible to these diseases. Including those encoding E3 ubiquitin ligases.The aim of this work is to compare the already identified E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with these diseases and to give an overview of them with a focus on the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Key words: E3, ubiquitination, inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal homeostasis, CD, UC
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Dysregulation of E3 ubiquitin ligases in inflammatory bowel diseases
Armerová, Eliška ; Petrezsélyová, Silvia (advisor) ; Červená, Klára (referee)
E3 ubiquitin ligases are a large family of enzymes involved in many cellular processes such as repair of damaged DNA, transport of membrane proteins, chromatin modification, cell cycle and apoptosis. E3 ubiquitin ligase has been shown to play a significant role in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis, and their abnormal function associated with their deregulation contributes to inflammatory bowel diseases such as ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. In recent years, approximately 200 risk loci have been identified that are susceptible to these diseases, including those encoding E3 ubiquitin ligase. 10 of them have been identified. The aim of this work is to compare the already identified E3 ubiquitin ligases associated with these diseases and to give an overview of them with a focus on the regulation of intestinal homeostasis. Key words: E3, ubiquitination, inflammatory bowel diseases, intestinal homeostasis, CD, UC
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The quality of life of children with Crohn's disease
Vaňková, Vendula ; Mareš, Jiří (advisor) ; Vaňková, Dana (referee)
Author: Vendula Vaňková Institution: Charles University in Prague Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové, Department of Social Medicine, Department of Nursing Title: The quality of life of children with Crohn's disease Supervisor: prof. PhDr. Jiří Mareš, CSc. Number of pages: 120 Number of attachments: 8 Year of defense: 2018 Keywords: Crohn's disease, children and adolescents, inflammatory bowel diseases, quality of life, mixed approach This bachelor thesis explores the quality of life of adolescents with Crohn's disease. The theoretical part deals with Crohn's disease - the incidence of diseases in adults and children and adolescents, etiology, symptoms, complications, diagnosis and treatment. The next chapter focuses on the specificities of Crohn's disease in childhood. The notion of quality of life is explained in the next chapter together with a description of previous research on this issue. Qualitative and quantitative research in adolescents with Crohn's disease is key to work. The tested set was established from five adolescents aged 14 - 17 (3 girls and 2 boys). The adolescents answered the questions in the semi-structured interview, then completed the PedsQL questionnaire, which evaluates children's quality of life. The thesis verifies the quality of life of adolescents with Crohn's...
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Nutrition in patients with chronic diseases of gastrointestinal tract
HOLÁNOVÁ, Karolína
In my thesis I deal with the nutrition of people suffering from Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. I also observe, how these people abide by the regularity and diversity in nutrition. In the theoretical part of the thesis I deal with the characteristics of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, their symptoms, complications and treatment. Very important part of the thesis is also nutrition and diet recommendation for the periods of remission and relapse. In the practical part, a qualitative research was made, which had two parts. The first part consisted of weekly menu of each respondent, its calculations in the Nutriservis Professional programme and subsequent evaluation. In each menu was tracked the intake of basic nutrients, proteins, fats, carbohydrates, as well as overall energy intake and the amount of fibers intake. All of the respondents were educated how to write the menu. The second part of the practical part of the thesis consisted of half-structured interviews. The interview consisted of 20 questions on the topic nutrition and symptoms following aforementioned diseases. The respondents were chosen for the research on the principle of "snowball" method. The whole research set consisted of 20 respondents, however the conditions for taking part in the research were fulfilled by only 6 respondents. Half of the set were people, both men a women, suffering from Crohn's disease and the second half were people suffering from ulcerative colitis. I further elaborated on the results of the menu calculations and put them in coherent tables and compared them to the optimal numbers for each respondent. The results were processed and then divided into groups.
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Role slizniční imunity a střevní mikroflóry při vývoji zánětlivých onemocnění
Málková, Jana ; Kverka, Miloslav (advisor) ; Bártová, Jiřina (referee)
Gut microbiota is important for our health and well-being, but when its composition is disrupted, it can induce or perpetuate several chronic inflammatory disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). The mechanisms which distinguish protective microbes from the deleterious or indifferent ones are largely unknown. The aim of this thesis was to study the interaction of the immune system with microbes that have different relationships to IBD pathogenesis. Escherichia coli is a predominant aerobic microorganism of the gastrointestinal tract. This species includes microbes implicated in induction of IBD as well as in its therapy. Four E. coli strains with different relations to IBD were selected for our experiments: E. coli Nissle 1917 (EcN), which has been successfully used in IBD therapy, E. coli strains LF82 and p19A, which have been implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD, and E. coli strain K6, which has neither been implicated in pathogenesis nor in protection from this disease. The experiments were performed both with living bacteria and inactivated ones. As the mode of inactivation may change the microbial antigenic structure, we measured how different methods of inactivation, i.e. 1% formaldehyde, exposure to heat or UV irradiation, influence the microbe's immunogenicity. First, we...
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