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Economic Development and Pension Privatisation: Evidence from Central and Eastern European Countries and Visions for the Future
Zhang, Yunyang ; Jeřábek, Petr (advisor) ; Merrino, Serena (referee) ; Čech, František (referee)
Since the mid-1990s, to boost the macroeconomy, many countries in the Central and Eastern European region have implemented pension privatisation policies. They followed the recommendations of the World Bank and established a multi-pillar pension model, including a mandatory second pillar with the most privatised features. This paper reviews the literature on pension privatisation policy, summarising its history and development in Central and Eastern Europe, and providing a comparative analysis of privatisation reforms in individual countries. The promotion of economic development, as the most important driver of pension privatisation reforms, has not yet received a definitive conclusion. This paper aims to extend existing empirical research on the impact of pension privatisation on economic development by employing a time-varying difference-in-difference model with data from 1996 to 2022 for a sample of 11 EU countries in the Central and Eastern European region. The results of the study show that the pension privatisation policy significantly contributes to economic development and increases domestic savings, and that the contribution to economic development is greater in the long run than in the short run. As a result, the pension privatisation policy should continue to be promoted in the future.
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The impact of mining industry on the economic development of Azerbaijan
Shukran, Mammadov
The mining industry is a highly significant power in the global economy, taking a major place in the provision chain incomes. Although, the role of mining manufacturing differs and seriously varies at the country degree from an economy of a different, and it is not correctly recognized and occasionally even inexplicable. The global mining industry has flourished since the early 2000s; it has observed high productivity costs and as a result increasing income stages as well. Mining industry is a central sector of economy, in numerous developing economies, Azerbaijan being one of them. The economy of Azerbaijan has accomplished its post-Soviet change to a main petroleum-grounded economy, from one where the country possessed the most important role. The evolution to petroleum manufacture brought about extraordinary development records as ventures came online; getting 26.4 per cent in the year 2005 (second uppermost gross domestic product progression globally in the year 2005 just to Equatorial Guinea) and 34.6 per cent in the year 2006 (global maximum). Huge oil resources are a main supplier to the economy of the country. In the year 2019, total mining industry exports of the country accounted for USD 18,242,946 thousand, which represents the 93 per cent of the overall exporting products, of which the 91.2 per cent is made up from mineral fuels, oil and oil products of their distillation, bituminous substances, etc. For the reason that mining industry is vital for the economy of Azerbaijan, this thesis aims to analyze its impact on the economic development of the country, by the application of profound conceptual and empirical analysis.
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Dopady hospodářského rozvoje na úroveň znečištění životního prostředí
Zhirenko, Pavel
This bachelor thesis deals with the analysis of the relationship between pollutants and economic development. The validity of the environmental Kuznets curve for various harmful substances for the whole world, as well as for some individual states and groups of states (Russia, Czech Republic, OECD countries, the least developed countries) is verified by means of regression analysis. Correlation analysis is used to assess the dependence of CO2 emissions per capita on the degree of industrialization, representation of services, the share of agriculture, forestry and fishing in the economy
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The role of foreign direct investment in the economic development of Nigeria
Šikulová, Bára
This study analyzes the impact of foreign direct investment inflow on the economic development of Nigera. The literature review covered the main topics related to the research, such as foreign direct investment, economic development and their relationship, and a comparison of the evolution of the chosen variables in time in Nigeria with the other countries. Annual time series data for the research were obtained from the World Bank database, ranging from 2003 to 2020. As a method of analysis, the ordinary least square (OLS) technique is used to estimate the multivariate regression model, together with the Unit root (ADF) test and Johansen cointegrations test. The dependent variable for the research was Human Development Index (HDI), and the independent variables were Foreign direct investment (FDI), Gross fixed capital formation (GFCF) and Labour force (LF). The results show that while LF has a significant positive impact on HDI, FDI and GFCF have no significant impact on HDI in the analysed period.
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In Search of a Competition Law Model for ASEAN through a Case Study of Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam: Does the EU Competition Law Model Fit?
Dufková, Barbara ; Tomášek, Michal (advisor) ; Šmejkal, Václav (referee) ; Petr, Michal (referee)
In Search of a Competition Law Model for ASEAN through a Case Study of Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam: Does the EU Competition Law Model Fit? Abstract The thesis aims to identify a fitting competition law regime for ASEAN countries. It operates upon presumption expressed in the scholarship on legal transplanting and competition law and development that for a transplanted competition law to be successful, it has to be tailored to fit the domestic environments. As the thesis observes that in adoption of their competition regulation, ASEAN member states resorted to legal transplanting of competition models from other jurisdictions, especially that of the EU, tailoring the EU model to fit their domestic conditions seems to be a key to their success. These differences in domestic conditions resulting in different national competition laws will also influence the design of a region-wide competition law regime that is being constructed. To identify those market-related needs and pain-points of ASEAN members states, the thesis classifies them into clusters depending on their level of economic development. Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam (the examined jurisdictions) were selected as representatives of the economies of ASEAN member states from the most developed to the least developed ones. The thesis first analyses...
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The impact of EU financial aid on the economic development in Palestine: case study of impact on business sector
Algherbawi, Mohammed
Financial aid has been one of the important tools to promote economic development in developing countries. Palestine is considered one of the highest recipients of financial aid. However, the Palestinian economy still suffers from major underdevelopment compared to other countries. The main goal of this bachelor thesis is to assess the overall impact of the European Union’s (EU) financial aid in promoting economic development in Palestine. The thesis follows a qualitative approach, it provides an overview of the EU financial aid programmes and instruments that are used to support the Palestinian economy, which is followed by two case studies from the business sector that have been supported through the EU. The study found that the overall impact of the EU financial aid has been limited as most of the aid is focused on emergency assistance and only a small portion of the aid is allocated for development purposes. In addition to the political instability and Israeli restrictions that continuously cause deterioration of the Palestinian economy. The study provided recommendations for both the PA and the EU on how to improve the efficiency of the aid.
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The role of palm oil production in the economic development of Nigeria
Omoruan, Emmanuel Ekpen
The research study examines the role of palm oil productions in the economic growth and development of Nigeria as a whole. The study uses an annual time series data from 1980 to 2015 and Ordinary Least Squared Method (OLS) to estimate the multivariate regression model. The dependent variable for the study is the economic growth measured in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP); while the independent variable is palm oil productions (POP) measured in terms of thousand metric tons and the control variable is crude oil production (COP) measured in terms of barrels per year. The secondary data for the study is obtained from the World Bank, Index Mundi and Food and FAO. The findings in the research studies show that palm oil productions (POP) play a positive and significant role in the economic growth of Nigeria. In addition, the study confirms that crude oil production (COP) also has a positive and significant effect on the Nigeria economy.
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The dependency of the standard of living in Southern Africa on land as the main factor of GDP growth
Mukucha, Charlotte Prisca
The Southern African region is constantly in debate regarding land management and redistribution from the hands of colonisers who are the minority to the black majority, the argument behind being that it is empowerment and indigenisation of the locals. One of the most ‘famous’ land reform programmes occurred in Zimbabwe, 2000 which did not go so well as anticipated and planned. Yet some African leaders think that this was a bold move made by Africa’s longest serving president and oldest ( the late R.G.Mugabe), and intend to follow the same route while in some countries such as Namibia and Tanzania are slowing repossessing the land. This paper seeks to investigate if ever since land reforms began in the region if the countries have managed to achieve the most basic and important development as interpreted by the Millennium Development Goals that is reducing hunger and poverty by 50% throughout the life span of the MDGs. Simply put the goal is to asses if land is efficiently put to use as it is regarded the main source of living in developing countries. The literature review analysed what constitutes development, how it can be achieved and how it is measured. Studies have proved that agriculture is a vital part of the region and Africa at large. This study made use of secondary annual aggregated data from databases of international institutions. Unit roots tests were applied and regression analysis was applied to ascertain the importance of the agricultural sector in the region. The results show that despite the agricultural sector employing majority of the people it is failing to produce favourable economic results but rather worsening the situation. However the situation can be salvaged to improve the sector’s performance.
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Togo in ECOWAS and Slovakia in the EU: Comparison of Economic Development
Mihaldová, Veronika ; Cahlík, Tomáš (advisor) ; Ryska, Pavel (referee)
This bachelor thesis examines the economic development of Economic Community of West African States and the European Union. It analysis and compares these institutions in the first place. Then, it analysis the corresponding monetary union, the West African Economic and Monetary Union and the Economic Monetary Union. On the basis of theoretical background the focus is then put onto the comparison of economic development of Togo and Slovakia, two countries of which one represents ECOWAS and the WAEMU, and, on the contrary, the second one the EU and the EMU. From the empirical perspective, the thesis applies the econometric analysis of panel data consisting of 30 countries that are observed for the period of 10 years, from 2007 to 2016. Standard panel data methods are tested along with the dynamic panel data method and then compared. Consequently, the main aim of the thesis and its empirical part is to apply already developed econometric models, originally intended for different group of countries, on the data to see whether they can be used to explain economic development of ECOWAS and the EU. Keywords Togo, ECOWAS, Slovakia, European Union, comparative economics, economic develop- ment, analysis
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"Mototown Detroit" - Economic and social developement of the town from the end of 19. century to 1941
Vosáhlo, Radka ; Koura, Jan (advisor) ; Soukup, Jaromír (referee)
Résumé Dissertation analysis raising of phenomenon of automobilism in the american city of Detroit in first half of 20. century. Analysis is focus primarily on the "Big Three" of car producers: Ford Motor Company, General Motors a Chrysler LLC. Analysis is temporalily delimitated with two moments, closely conected with developing of automobilism: Increase of popularity of cars at the begin of 20. century and Great depression. Important moments in delimitated time period were especially: founding of Ford Motor Company in 1903, founding of General Motors in 1908, implementation of assembly line by Henry Ford in 1913, founding of Chrysler LLC in 1925 and of course the Great Depresion from 1929. Special priority is focus on the personality od Henry Ford and his style of organization of work, company development and inovations, that were introduced mostly by his company, followed by others. Henry Ford has absolutely special position, mostly because of his complex care of his employes.Objective of this work is not only to analyze unprecedent increase and development of the city of Detroit, but also to describe demographical change of society, due by the development of automobile industry in the state of Michigan. Major question is: How the city of Detroit was changed in connection with industrial development,...
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