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Histological methods used in the diagnosis of colorectal cancer.
Kowaliková, Šárka ; Hronek, Miloslav (advisor) ; Josková, Věra (referee)
This bachelor thesis is focused on tumor diseases of the colon, especially on the processing of biopsy material obtained by sampling during colonoscopy and colectomy. The theoretical part of this thesis describes general anatomy of the colon and assumptions of tumor formation in this location. It deals mainly with the risk factors which may be unaffectable, e.g. heredity and age, but also affectable, such as insufficient physical activity, excessive consumption of red meat, low fiber intake, smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight etc. The thesis also describes the possibility of prevention, which is closely related to the risk factors. Finally, some ways of taking biopsy samples and subsequent laboratory processing are listed. The practical part presents the methods used for tissue processing and staining histological slides with a focus on the advantages of faster tissue processing by continuous tissue processor. It also deals with immunohistochemical examination, which is an integral part of histopathological diagnostic procedure. The aim of the thesis was to describe how certain methods of histological processing can accelerate and especially clarify the diagnosis and the associated follow-up treatment. Keywords: colon , colorectal cancer, pathology , cancer , colonoscopy, colectomy,...
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Condition of the larval scent glands in adults of the Heteroptera infraorders
Křížková, Petra ; Vilímová, Jitka (advisor) ; Kment, Petr (referee)
The Heteroptera scent glands system is formed by larval dorso-abdominal glands (= DAGs) and adult metathoracic glands ( = MTGs). The present study deals with a summary about occurrence of DAGs which are functional not only in larval but also in adult bugs, either proved or very likely. The part of general characteristics includes information about morphology, histology and functions of DAGs. The systematic review of published cases of DAGs' persitence in the adult stage represents the main part of the study. Recapitulations about possible positions of adult persistent DAGs and the characters used to prove gland functionality conclude the study. Based on the list of persistent adult DAGs, it is evident that they can be functional more often than was supposed. The DAGs functionality within heteropteran adults seems to be relatively widespread phenomenon, particularly in regards to a life in terestrial environment.
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Cyanoacrylate in treatment of great and small saphenous vein.
Novotný, Karel ; Pafko, Pavel (advisor) ; Lindner, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šebesta, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Cyanoacrylate gluing technique is the least strenuous treatment of varicose trunks which does not necessitate tumescent anaesthesia and post procedural stocking compression. In response to the long-term unavailability of commercial kits with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in the Czech Republic, we used a modified technique, which is based on the technique of endovascular treatment of AV malformations in the brain and uses a mixture of cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol to clog. We evaluated the success of the method, complications and clinical improvement of chronic venous insufficiency. Parts of the work are histological findings of collected samples of veins at various time intervals. In an in vitro experiment, we compared the bond strength of a bonded shear to a tear device. The adhesive mix values used were compared with those of commercially available adhesives for this purpose. Patients and methods: Fifty-six limbs in 49 patients suffering from great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein insufficiency in combination with symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency and complicating comorbidities were treated with a modified endovascular cyanoacrylate glue application technique. A histopathological examination was conducted on vein samples from six. In each patient a sample of the...
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Histology of bone tissue in anthropological applications
Valíková, Zuzana ; Sládek, Vladimír (advisor) ; Cagáňová, Veronika (referee)
Bone is a hard mineralized structure forming the body support. The histological arrangement consists of bone cells (osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts) and extracellular matrix. Arrangement of bone in vertebrates is different. We can distinguish the bones that occur in humans. As acellular bone. Or bones that in humans, occurring only a few - such as pneumatized bones. To research human bones using different animal models and each has its typical use. Key words: Bone tissue, histology, bone structure, animal models
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Studie vybraných druhů dřevin rodu Moringa (Moringaceae)
Růžičková, Kateřina
The aim of the study was to describe family Moringaceae and the list of all species of the genus Moringa, their original occurrence and growth forms was compiled. Detailed attention was paid to characteristics of the economically important species and their production. Since only the anatomical structure of the vegetative organs of the M. oleifera species has been found, the thesis describes in detail the anatomy of the vegetative organs of M. oleifera and M. stenopetala and compares these species to each other. The bulk density of the M. oleifera wood, both fresh and dry, was also evaluated
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Vliv zinkových nanokomplexů na zdravotní stav organismu modelových zvířat
Jeník, David
Zinc is widely used as an alternative to antibiotic in piglets. Recent studies demonstrated the antibacterial effect of zinc nanoparticles. It is believed that zinc nanoparticles will exhibit better antibiotic effects than previously used medication zinc. There is a need to define ZnNPs effect on the organism. This thesis compares the influence of administration of zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc standard forms at the dose of 2000 mg/Zn/kg diet in rat organism. The antioxidant status of rats and toxicity of zinc and zinc nanoparticles were monitored. The level of accumulated zinc for blood was on average 12 mg / kg ± 6 mg / kg, for liver 74 mg / kg ± 50 mg / kg, for kidneys 37 mg / kg ± 30 mg / kg for both nanoparticles and normal zinc . ZnNPs and zinc oxide did not extremely influence antioxidant status of samples of blood, liver and kidney. A significant effect was observed with GSH levels. Histological study of liver and duodenum showed slight tissue damage after administration of both zinc and nanoparticles. Zinc nanoparticles demonstrated beneficial effects as well as standard form.
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Cyanoacrylate in treatment of great and small saphenous vein.
Novotný, Karel ; Pafko, Pavel (advisor) ; Lindner, Jaroslav (referee) ; Šebesta, Pavel (referee)
Introduction: Cyanoacrylate gluing technique is the least strenuous treatment of varicose trunks which does not necessitate tumescent anaesthesia and post procedural stocking compression. In response to the long-term unavailability of commercial kits with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (Histoacryl) in the Czech Republic, we used a modified technique, which is based on the technique of endovascular treatment of AV malformations in the brain and uses a mixture of cyanoacrylate and Lipiodol to clog. We evaluated the success of the method, complications and clinical improvement of chronic venous insufficiency. Parts of the work are histological findings of collected samples of veins at various time intervals. In an in vitro experiment, we compared the bond strength of a bonded shear to a tear device. The adhesive mix values used were compared with those of commercially available adhesives for this purpose. Patients and methods: Fifty-six limbs in 49 patients suffering from great saphenous vein or small saphenous vein insufficiency in combination with symptomatic chronic venous insufficiency and complicating comorbidities were treated with a modified endovascular cyanoacrylate glue application technique. A histopathological examination was conducted on vein samples from six. In each patient a sample of the...
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Biologická a molekulární charakteristika Cryptosporidium suis-like
VLNATÁ, Gabriela
Cryptosporidium parvum VF383, more commonly known as Cryptosporidium suis-like, has been reported in humans, domesticated ruminants, and wild rats worldwide and described under several names including Cryptosporidium suis-like, based on its close phylogenetic relationship to C. suis. Unlike C. suis, however, it has never been detected in pigs. In the present work, Cryptosporidium suis-like originating from wild brown rats was not infectious for piglets or calves but was infectious for laboratory brown rats, BALB/c mice, and Mongolian gerbils. The prepatent period was 4-5 days for all rodents. The patent period was longer for rats (>30 days) than other rodents (<20 days). None of the rodents developed clinical signs of infection. In all rodents, life cycle stages were detected in the colon by histology and electron microscopy. Oocysts were morphometrically similar to those of C. parvum and smaller than those of C. suis, measuring 5.20 × 4.94 m. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU, actin, and HSP70 gene sequences revealed Cryptosporidium suis-like to be genetically distinct from, C. suis, and other described species of Cryptosporidium. Morphological, genetic, and biological data support the establishment of Cryptosporidium suis-like as a new species, and we propose the name Cryptosporidium occultus sp. n.
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Interactions of the eggs and miracidia of Trichobilharzia regenti with the duck nasal mucosa
Vlčková, Linda ; Horák, Petr (advisor) ; Chanová, Marta (referee)
Trichobilharzia regenti is a nasal avian schistosome which has during the initial phase of infection an affinity to the nervous system. Larvae migrate through the central nervous system to the nasal mucosa of waterfowl, where they mature and reproduce. Until now this infection phase has been described only marginally. Adults are located in the nasal mucosa approximately from 13th to 24th day post infection. During this life phase, they migrate through the vascularized connective tissue and lay eggs, the presence of which has been detected in the tissue only. Maturation and hatching of miracidia occur in the tissue (unlike human schistosomes). The parasite causes inflammation, and the tissue is infiltrated with immune cells. Lymphocytes, granulocytes, macrophages, plasma cells and giant multi-nuclear cells were described by histological methods. The thesis is focused on a more detailed description of cellular immune response and histopathological changes of the tissue by means of histological stains, and antibody/lectin probes. The flukes were observed more frequently in the blood vessel lumen, together with a higher number of immune cells compared to the healthy duck. Infiltration by a high number of lymphocytes occurred in the tissue, the macrophages were frequently observed in clusters around the...
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