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Phytoextraction of non-steroidal analgetics
Bažilová, Blanka ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Zedník, Jiří (referee)
In present time environment is considarably contaminated by various diversed polutants mainly because of human activity. Part of this dissertation deals with problem of contaminents spreading into environment. Further more it summarizes particular options of xenobiotics removal from waste and subterraneous waters and it mostly focuses on new inovative methods decontamination methods of polluted areas based on vegetative biotechnologies. This study comprises knowledge about plants abilities and usage by transformation and degradation of nonsteroid analgesics, which belong to most common and mass used drugs. Goal of dissertation was to observe fate and transport in present time used nonsteroid analgesics and fytoextraction efficiency evaluation of such a substances from liquid nutrient medium with sunflower and corn. For determination of chosen nonsteroid analgesics (piroxicam, nimesulid, ketoprofen a paracetamol) was developed and optimalized analytical procedure which consisted of extraction and determination by HPLC-MS method. Results indicate that studied nonsteroid analgesics are very good extracted by plants. Biggest phytoremediation potential was proved for ketoprofen, which was consumed by plants more than other nonsteroid analgesics.
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Study of plant stress responces in presence of pharmaceuticals in cultivation medium
Bystroňová, Jana ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
The aim of this study was to verify the possibility of ibuprofen degradation by selected plant cultures and determination of activities of antioxidant enzymes (peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione-S-transferase) as markers of oxidative stress caused by ibuprofen. Nicotiana tabaccum (cv. La Burley 21, cv. SR 1 and their GMOs) and Nicotiana glauca were used as experimental plants. The rate of removal of ibuprofen tested by tobacco was decreasing in the following order: N. tabaccum SR1 > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T4 > N. tabaccum TRI 2T2 > N. glauca > N. tabaccum TRI 2T1 > N. tabaccum cv. La Burley > N. tabaccum Zm-P60-1-T5. As the most suitable tobacco for the removal of ibuprofen seemed untransformed N. tabaccum SR1. The long-term experiment showed that plant stress is being manifested even after longtime. N. tabaccum cv. La Burley 21 seemed to be the most tolerant to ibuprofen in compare with the total enzyme activities in cultures with the presence of ibuprofen and controls. N.glauca was the least tolerant cultivar. Keywords: phytoremediation, ibuprofen, Nicotiana tabaccum, Nicotiana glauca, HPLC, peroxidase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathion-S-transferase
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Thorium as an environment stressor for plant growth.
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Podlipná, Radka (referee)
Thorium is an element belonging to heavy metals, which is characterized by its radioactivity similarly to uranium and radon. Thorium is not commonly used in industry, but becouse of its radioactive properties it has a great potentional for future use in nuclear energetics. Thus, increasing release of Th into the soil, water and atmosphere can be expected in near future and through plant biomass it could become a part of food chains and webs and, thus, to represent a considerable health risks to humans. Studies devoted to research on thorium and its effects on plants has not been published much yet. The majority of these studies focus mainly only on plant abilities to accumulate thorium and/or monitoring distribution of thorium in plant body. But till now, a study is still missing, which would monitor the effect of thorium on the physiological characteristics of plants. Plants of Nicotiana glutinosa (L.) medium Thorium accumulatin were hydroponically cultivated Hoagland nutrient media differedin the presence of thorium, tartaric acid, putrescine and phosphates. In first part of the present study I monitored accumulation of thorium by tobacco plants under the influence of the above-mentioned modifications of media. In the second part, I studied the Th effect on the photosynthetic apparatus (contents...
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Thorium accumulation and study of stress responces of plants on thorium presence
Kufner, Daniel ; Soudek, Petr (advisor) ; Petrová, Šárka (referee)
The ability of the accumulation of thorium and study of the stress responses on his presence was tested on a selected cultivar of tobacco, La Burley 21. Plants were cultivated in Hoagland's hydroponic medium under artificial light. Except to the ability of accumulation and distribution of thorium in the all parts of plant was investigated the effect of selected organic and inorganic additions on accumulation. Among organic substances included citric acid, tartaric and oxalic acid in their presence was observed the increase of thorium in all parts of the plant. Were also tested products from the diamine and polyamines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermine and spermidin). These substances, also known for their antioxidant activity in plants, had an impact on reducing the accumulation of thorium, especially in the root system of plants. The most important factor influencing the accumulation of thorium was the absence of phosphate ions in a hydroponic medium, which caused the rise of the concentration of thorium about several levels in all parts of the plants. The initial decrease of pH after additions of organic acids or addition of high concentrations of thorium and the gradual increase of pH during cultivation had proved significant. It was also compared the uptake of accumulation and distribution of...
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Factors affecting uptake and distribution of uranium in plants.
Krejčová, Daniela ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tylová, Edita (referee)
Uranium is a radionuclide, which naturally occurs in Earth's soil in rather an insignificant amount. It is not very dangerous in such small concentration; however, this concentration is rising due to anthropogenic activity, therefore an estimation of its increase is at hand. It is necessary to research possibilities of not only effective, but also ecological extermination of this contamination. Phytoremediation could be an appropriate solution, but this method is still in its beginning stages when it comes to uranium contaminations. That's why we need to study influences of uranium on plants and find out to what extent are they suitable for phytoremediation of areas contaminated by uranium. Phytoremediation methods are based on the abilities of plants to receive and accumulate certain pollutants. The factors that influence the amount of uranium received by a plant can be divided into four groups: plant species, uranium's oxidation levels, pH of of the medium or the substrate and ligand, which is attached to the uranium (Mitchell, 2013). Transportation of uranium to the aboveground part of the plant is also a factor here. Plants need to deal with the accepted uranium; aside from the radiological risks resulting from the characteristics of radioisotope, uranium is also a heavy metal. Chemical...
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Influence of salicylic acid on naproxene and diclofenac phytoextraction.
Vrtalová, Martina ; Smrček, Stanislav (advisor) ; Břichnáčová Habartová, Věra (referee)
The influence of salicylic acid on the naproxene a diclofenac phytoextraction at different starting concentrations of tested substances has been investigated. The experiments were performed using in vitro sterile hydroponic cultivation of Helianthus annus, Pisum sativum, Brassica napus and Zea mays plants on the Murashige-Skoog cultivation medium supplemented with appropriate combinations of tested substances. The extraction of naproxene (15 or 17 mg/l) in the presence of salicylic acid (1 or 5 mg/l) was decreased at B. napus and P. sativum plants. In contrast to these results the phytoextraction by H. annuus plants was increased by the use of the same experimental conditions . At diclofenac/salicylic acid combinations and H. annuus plants the positive influence of salicylic acid in the concentration of 1 mg/l on diclofenac phytoextraction was found while the concentration of 5 mg/l diminished the phytoextraction efficiency. At other used plant species the extraction of diclofenac was concentration dependently decreased by salicylic acid. The obtained results clearly show that phytoextraction in multicomponent mixtures is complicated and in tested systems the salicylic acid moderately influenced phytoextraction of naproxene and diclofenac in dependence on the used plant species ad salicylic acid...
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Plant bioindicators of heavy metals
Pecinová, Eliška ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Komendová, Renata (advisor)
The urban areas are exposed to high risk of contamination, and some of the plant species can indicate this contamination. For this study, plants which can accumulate heavy metals and meet the requirements for bioindicators were chosen. Lichens, moss, birch, linden, and yew were chosen as bioindicators. Plant samples were collected from the specified localities in Brno, both with and without heavy traffic, then analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry for the contents of Cd, Cu, Hg, Pb and Zn. Copper (max 47,7 mgkg-1) and zinc (max 200 mgkg-1) were detected in concentrations higher than the lower border of potential phytotoxic concentrations. Lichens and mosses were proved as the best bioindicators for most of the contaminants (Cu, Hg, Pb), except for zinc, which was indicated by birch. Linden wasn’t suitable for biomonitoring. The result concentrations in bioindicators were very variable among localities, without visible effect of traffic load, which implies other factors, which outweighed factors of contamination from the nearby traffic.
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Hodnocení klíčivosti vybraných genotypů konopí v in vitro podmínkách
Kučerová, Petra
This bachelor thesis deals with the possibilities of uses of hemp, which is currently; when all of us wants to behave as ecologically as possible; very popular. The aim of this work was to choose the best germinated and vital varieties (Fibrol and Tisza) and use them for in vitro cultivation on medium contents heavy metals (cadmium and lead). Assessment of this experiment shows accumulation abilities of hemp and production of plant pigments (chlorophylls and carotenoids) during given stress conditions. The best results in growing factors (fresh weight, stem length, roots length, etc.) were recorded within the Fibrol variety. On the other hand in terms of accumulation better results were achieved with variety Tisza on cadmium–contents medium. At the same time, a variety of Tisza plants achieved a higher level of content of plant pigments. Although the photosynthetic apparatus
of plants was not fundamentally damaged by the action of heavy metals. The experiment confirms the hemp is a convenient hyperaccumulation plant.
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Fytoremediácie využitie technických plodín
Schreiber, Patrik
This bachelor thesis summarize options for using plants, mostly technical crops, for decontamination of soil, water and sludges. This work describes overview and methods of intake of contaminants which may be removed from environment by phytoremediation, description of phytoremediation technologies and their pros and cons, description of crops and limits for theirs use in phytoremediation. In next part of my thesis I describe my experiment on phytotoxical effect of landfill leachate on different parameters of two cultivars of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Goal of this experiment was to find optimal concentration of landfill leachate for irrigation. Optimal irrigation is when phytotoxical effect doesn´t excessively inhibit for phytoremediation important parameters of plants, or concentration which don´t exterminant plants immediately after irrigation. Landfill leachate generation is a major problem for municipal solid waste landfills. Leachate causes serious threat to surface water and groundwater. Leachate can be defined as a liquid that passes through a landfill and has extracted dissolved and suspended matter from it. This liquid originate in precipitation which fall on the landfill site and from moisture that exists in the waste when it is composed. Leachate varies widely in compositions depending on the age of the landfill and type of waste that it contains, usually it consists organic pollutants and also heavy metals.
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