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Flavonoids and natural coumarins interactions with conventional medicine
Sigmundová, Tereza ; Tůmová, Lenka (advisor) ; Mladěnka, Přemysl (referee)
Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacognosy Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lenka Tůmová, CSc. Student: Tereza Sigmundová Title of Thesis: Flavonoids and natural coumarins interactions with conventional medicine Keywords: medicinal plant, flavonoids, coumarins, interactions The aim of this diploma thesis is to give an overview of the interactions between conventional drugs and simultaneous use of flavonoids, coumarins or medicinal plants containing flavonoids and coumarins. Cited literature includes articles published since 2000 till 2018, that were collected mostly using online databases (Web of Science, Science Direct, PubMed, Google Scholar). Flavonoids can affect the metabolism of drugs through interaction with CYP450 enzymes, P-glycoprotein, ABC or SLC transporters. This type of interaction is particularly important for drugs with narrow therapeutic index such as cyclosporin, digoxin or warfarin. Furanocoumarins contained for example in grapefruit juice cause irreversible inhibition of CYP3A4 enzyme and affect the pharmacokinetics of many drugs. The major drug classes that have been reported to present pharmacodynamic interactions with flavonoids or natural coumarins are anticoagulants, cytostatics and central nervous system agents. The thesis also describes...
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Use of rare oils in cosmetics
Pilipenco, Alina ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Němcová, Andrea (advisor)
The purpose of this bachelor thesis was to research rare oils. The oils from selected plants (poppy, cannabis, thistle) is characterized by the content of active phenolic compounds, fatty acid composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial effects. First part of the thesis is a literary research on a given topic, which contains the following parts: the universal chemical composition of vegetable oils, the characteristics and effects of selected oils and the ways of their obtaining for cosmetic purposes. The experimental part is focused primarily on the basic analysis of selected oil components and the preparation of the shower oil based on the obtained results. In conclusion are presented an overview of all the properties of selected oils, their practical use and assessment of their application in cosmetics.
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Technologie pěstování Kotvičníku zemního (Tribulus terrestris L.) a jeho využití
NEUMANN, Jaroslav
This bachelor thesis is about a plant named Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris), its substances, which are contained and about its possible usage in medicine. Another chapters describes some substances which we can find in a whole plant. The most important substances are saponins, phytosterols and flavonoids. Saponins are most popular for their aphrodisiatic effects, flavonoids for fighting illnes and phytosterols for decreasing cholesterol in blood plasma. Quantity of these substances is highly dependent on the area where, or how the plant is grown and if elicitors were used. In the practical part I found out if tribulus is known amongst people and how to grow it in greenhouse.
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Technologie pěstování Leuzey saflorové (Leuzea carthamoides DC.) a její využití.
VYTISKA, Petr
This bachelor thesis deals with the technology of growing leuzea carthamoides DC., the substances it contains and its possible pharmaceutical use. Next I deal with the description of some substances found in the above ground or underground parts of the plant. Among the most effective substances that leuzea contains are phytoecdysteroids, triterpens, flavonoids, thiophenes and phenolic acids. The quantity of these substances depends directly on the way of cultivation, selection of the appropriate habitat, the use of elicitors and the drying and harvesting technology. In the final part I deal with the research how the public is familiar with leuzea as a medical plant.
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Effects of some flavonoids in isolated rat aortic rings
Pešková, Hana ; Vopršalová, Marie (advisor) ; Pourová, Jana (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Hana Pešková Supervisor: PharmDr. Marie Vopršalová, CSc. Title of diploma thesis: Effects of some flavonoids in isolated rat aortic rings Flavonoids with their wide range of effects are known for having positive influence on human health. It mainly concerns significant antioxidant and anti- inflammatory characteristics and cardiovascular diseases incidence reducing effects. The aim of this study was examination of vasorelaxant effects of selected flavonoids from isoflavonoid group: formononetin, isoformononetin, prunetin and ononin, occuring especially in Fabaceae family. The vasorelaxation potential of tested substances was examinated in in vitro conditions on isolated aortic rings of rat. The effect of increasing doses of individual flavonoids on preparation, with intact endothelium after previous precontraction with norepinefrine, was monitored (10-5 M). From measured values, there were DRC curves, EC50 values created and an evaluation was made. According to analysis of the results, the most significat activity has fromononetin (EC50 2,081 . 10-5 M) and isoformononetin (EC50 2,081, 10-5 M). Ononin showed almost no vasodilatory effect.
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Antioxidanty ve víně a jejich možné obsahové ovlivnění
Mikešová, Kateřina
In nature, there are a wide variety of natural antioxidants. The most important of them are phenolic compounds. These substances are responsible for many important characteristics of wine - especially for the color, bitterness and tannins taste. They also exhibit substantial variability in the structure, which makes it not to divide no-flavonoids (hydroxyethylbenzoic acid, hydroxycinnamic acids, stilbenes = resveratrol) and flavonoids (anthocyanins dyes and flavanols). Their participation in wine is influenced by a number of internal and external factors. Besides the variety, rootstock, age of bush or length and taking phenophase is the quantity of those substances depend in particular environmental influences on vineyard (laid-vista, climatic conditions), effects of stress and winemaking technology.
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Stanovení přírodních antioxidantů v ovocných džusech
Pelcová, Lucie
The objective of this thesis was to investigate the content of polyphenols in these juices: apple from concentrate, apple produced by direct compression, orange with pulp, orange without pulp, grapefruit from concentrate, juice from red grapes, pomegranate and purple carrots. The measurement was taken by high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry. The polyphenol with the highest overall value and also the most important of polyphenols in citrus juices was hesperidin. Significant content of cryptochlorogenic acid and hyperoside was in apple juice. Apple juice produced by direct compression also contained a lot of catechin. Epigallocatechin, epicatechin and gallic acid were substances with the highest value measured in the juice of the pomegranate. Catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin were most prevalent in the grape juice. Quantitatively the most important compounds of juice from purple carrots were caffeic and cryptochlorogenic acid.
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Monitoring biologicky aktivních látek ve vybraných druzích piva
Buchtelová, Hana
Theoretical part of diploma thesis briefly describes the production of filtered, unfiltered and non-alcoholic beer, including the characteristics of raw materials. Further, the most important biologically active substances, beneficial to human health, are described. These ingredients come within the technological processing from malt and hops. Their representation is influenced not only by the variety of hops but also its habitat, external conditions during the vegetation and technological process of production. Studied constituents affect the chemico-physical characteristics of beer, such as the formation of the foam, its aging, oxidation, and also the organoleptic properties. They also have a positive impact on consumer health through antioxidant, anticarcinogenic and antimicrobial effects. The practical part deals with the determination of selected biologically active substances, determining the difference between their content in filtered, unfiltered and non-alcoholic beer. Qualitative and quantitative content of these compounds was studied using advanced analytical methods.
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Flavonoidy jako nutriceutika
Janková, Iva
The bachelor thesis focuses on flavonoids in terms of active food ingredients. In the first chapter are information about functional foods, such as history, characteristics, some examples etc. Furthermore, this work deals with active food ingredients, a nutraceticals. There isn´t only clarification of this term, but also others such as probiotics, prebiotics and fiber. Last is the main theme of this work, flavonoids and their chemical structure, subclasses and significant representatives, health effects and possible future aplication.
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The antioxidant activity of St. John's wort explantate cultures
Vrabec, Rudolf ; Martin, Jan (advisor) ; Spilková, Jiřina (referee)
St. John's wort is a herbal medicine well known for its anti-depressant effect. It contains anthraquinone derivates, prenylated floroglucinols, tannins, hydroxycinnamic acids, and especially flavonoids, which have a wide range of biological effects on the body including antioxidant properties. Antioxidants are one of the possibilities to protect body from harmful influences of free radicals - highly reactive particles that damage biological structures. In this work, two methods (DPPH and superoxide radical) were used to determinate antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts of dried St. John's wort - Hypericum Perforatum L. and its callus and suspension explant cultures. The results are processed into tables and graphs which compare the effectiveness of extracts to quench the radicals. EC50 for the methanolic extract was 0,064 mg/ml and for the aqueous extract 0,068 mg/ml. EC50 for the aqueous extract was 16,727 mg/ml, but unfortunatelly the other antioxidant activity values for EC50 were too low to evaluate. Determination of the content of flavonoids hyperoside and quercetin by high performance liquid chromatography shows that their highest content is in the drug extracts and that the explant cultures have negligible content of the flavonoids. There is no content of hypericin in all...
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