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The Jizera Mountains Peatbogs as a Model Biotope for Teaching Ecology
Marelová, Tereza ; Soldán, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Skýbová, Jana (referee)
The main topic of the bachelor's thesis is the Jizera Mountains peatlands and their use in teaching ecology. The aim of the thesis is to summarize information about the bog as a biotope and use it practically in teaching biology. The thesis is divided into two main parts - the theoretical part and the practical part. The theoretical part is divided into two chapters. The first chapter introduces the reader to the peatlands of the Protected Landscape Area of the Jizera Mountains and focuses on the legal demarcation of protected areas. It describes in more detail the local flora and fauna and the definition of the origin, development, importance and use of peat as well as the negative consequences of the extraction of this raw material and the subsequent protection of these areas as a unique natural biotope for many organisms. The second chapter introduces the reader to the general characteristics of ecology and its disciplines, it also focuses on individual relationships between organisms. The last part of the theoretical part of the chapter is focused on the teaching of ecology in elementary school and its concept in the teaching of the second level. The practical part deals with the use of bogs in the teaching of natural history at primary school and presents a proposal for an excursion to one of...
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Functional diversity in ecological communities
Džamba, Roman ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Doležal, Jiří (referee)
Functional diversity is an important component of biodiversity. Value and range of functional traits and the number and composition of functional types are crucial for the short and long term functioning of ecosystems. Functional traits of species affect their performance in ecosystems and we can classify them as continuous or discontinuous. It has been suggested many ways to choose the appropriate traits and functional differences between species in estimating functional diversity. It is necessary to consider the nature and importance of ecosystem processes and environmental factors and consider properties of employed methodological approaches. There are many ways to estimate functional diversity. Functional diversity can be expressed by the number of functional groups, functional index or functional dendrograms. In natural communities, we see a positive relationship between species and functional diversity. Species diversity doesn't seem to be an adequate surrogate for functional diversity because the loss of an equal number of species may have different effects on the ecosystem, depending on the identity of the species. Functional redundancy refers to the functional similarity in the ecological niches occupation and is a source of stability in the ecosystem functioning.
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Assessment of the impact of wind calamity from November 19, 2004 on the nature of the High Tatra Mountains
Vosátková, Veronika ; Lipský, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The aim of this study is to bring a light into the situation of wind calamity which happened 19.11.2004. After the physicographical analysis of this locality, I will try to bring the whole picture of this catastrophe, its causes and mostly consequences left on the tatra nature. I will pay special attention to regeneration of the country and following steps in dealing with this calamity because of two different opinions on the picture of Tatras. Finally, I will discuss future progress in Tatra mountains and i will try to answer the question, whether was a worse catastrophe a wind calamity or human intervention in this locality afterwards.
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Forest evolution in Central Europe during the Holocene periode
Švábová, Barbora ; Šefrna, Luděk (advisor) ; Matějček, Tomáš (referee)
The work deals with the forest as an ecosystem where relationships take place, which are influenced by abiotic and biotic factors. Great attention is paid to the climate, which affects not only the distribution of biomes. Its constant changes have an impact on the species composition of forests and human society. By the effects of the climate, the Holocene period was divided into sub-stages. Man also played a significant role in the conversion of the central Europe forest and changes it even now. That is why this work devotes a considerable part of it to this influence. Great changes of the forest began with the emergence of agriculture, which was the first impulse for the beginning of deforestation. Examined are the ways of prehistoric and modern economy. With the loss of trees came an idea of protecting the forests. As an example of possible further effect on the forest, the influence of some pathogens is presented.
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Simulation in Unity
Kropáček, Vojtěch ; Vlnas, Michal (referee) ; Milet, Tomáš (advisor)
V této práci je stavěno na nedávném vzestupu popularity entity komponent systémů v oblasti vývoje her. Cílem práce je vytvořit aplikaci simulující ekosystém v programu Unity engine. V práci se nachází popis výhod entity komponent system architektury, atributy a rozdíly oproti tradiční architektuře. Pro běh simulace byl využit framework s názvem Entitas uvnitř Unity enginu. Dokončená implementace emuluje Lotka-Volterra rovnice, také známy pod názvem rovnice lovec-kořist. Nálezy simulace jsou prezentovány v grafech, které splnují očekávání. Práce také poskytne hlubší porozumění entity komponent system architektury a její specifikace v rámci implementace Entitas frameworku. Shrnuje jeden z přístupů k tvoření jednoduchého ekosystému a výsledné nálezy z proběhlých simulací.
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Simulation in Unity
Kropáček, Vojtěch ; Vlnas, Michal (referee) ; Milet, Tomáš (advisor)
V této práci budeme stavět na nedávném vzestupu popularity entity komponent systémů v oblasti vývoje her. Našim cílem je vytvořit aplikaci simulující ekosystém v programu Unity engine. Budeme se soustředit na výhody ECS architektury and vysvětlíme její atributy a rozdíly oproti tradičnímu přístupu. Pro běh naší simulace použijeme framework s názvem Entitas uvnitř Unity enginu. Dokončená implementace bude emulovat Lotka-Volterra rovnice, také známy pod názvem rovnice lovec-kořist. Nálezy budou prezentovány v grafech, které blízce sledují očekávané grafy. Tato práce poskytne hlubší porozumění ECS architektury a její specifikace v rámci implementace Entitas. Také shrne použitý přístup ke stavění jednoduchého ekosystému a výsledné nálezy.
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Aesthetic value of biodiversity
Schmitzová, Daniela ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Braun Kohlová, Markéta (referee)
The aesthetic experience of nature is a crucial part of human life. Because aesthetic experiences motivate people to engage in nature conservation, it makes sense to consider how biodiversity influences aesthetics and whether this influence can be used to promote conservation. First, this review touches on the measurement of nature's value to people and biodiversity, then discusses studies dealing with the connection of biodiversity and aesthetics. Nature offers a range of health benefits to people (e.g. stress relief, better recovery after surgery) that increase with biodiversity, but these benefits don't seem to increase the aesthetic value. At the landscape scale, heterogeneity of the environment is of particular importance, as is the presence of water bodies. For plant communities, biodiversity has a positive correlation with aesthetic value, and perceived biodiversity has a stronger effect in that regard. Preference is also influenced by the arrangement of planting. Aesthetically motivated nature conservation can potentially bolster biodiversity, as proven by the Lower Wisconsin State Riverway area, and should be considered a valuable conservation approach. Key words: biodiversity, aesthetics, species richness, functional diversity, value of the community/ecosystem, nature conservation
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Knowledge of primary students about ecology of selected ecosystems
HOŠTIČKOVÁ, Zuzana
This diploma thesis deals with the conceptual knowledge of primary school pupils about field ecosystems. In the analyzed textbooks, ecological relations are represented only to a limited extent. They are not sufficiently explained or practiced during lessons. Test questions focus on a complex understanding of field ecosystem matters; they test the extent of understanding of relationships between organisms and their environment, between different organisms, and the extent to which field ecosystems are affected by human activity. Analysis results reflect the level of the pupils' knowledge regarding field ecosystem interrelations. Test questions designed by the author of the thesis examine fourth grade primary school pupils and their understanding of relationships between organisms and their environment, as well as relationships between different organisms. Results show that pupils understand relationships between organisms and their environment better than relationships between different organisms and the effects of human activity on field ecosystems. These differences are, however, not significant. In general, the research shows that fourth grade pupils do not understand field ecosystem relationships in an entirely correct way.
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The importance of dung beetles for the renovation of the cattle pasture sward
JANOVSKÝ, Jindřich
This theses focuses on the importance of coprophagous beetles for dung decomposition and restoration of grass in the cattle pastures. Diversity of coprophagous beetles was measured using special traps in four cattle pastures at the family farm in western Bohemia. The measurement was provided 3 times in May 2014, August 2014 and September 2013 during one-week sampling periods. In total, 444 specimens of 22 species was collected. Caught species belonged to the family Scarabaeidae and Hydrophilidae. The beetles belonged to the functional group, " dwellers ". The greatest influence on the grass restoration have tunneling species. However, these were not caught on pastures. The highest abundance was detected in May with 379 species. In this period, there was significantly higher abundance of small and large non-tunneling kinds and of Hydrophilidae compared to September (P<0.05). Abundance of Scarabaeidae did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between August and September. The greatest significance for the functional decomposition of dung in a pasture can be expected due to a large Aphodius rufipes species which may be present in the feces in a large number at the end of summer.
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Dominance of different groups of animals in terrestrial ecosystems
Matysová, Barbora ; Storch, David (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
There are some beliefs about the abundance and biomass of different animal groups, which persist in general awareness. At the same time, the ideas of the general public relate to the influence and importance of the animals for an ecosystem. The aim of this paper is to make sure that these assumed concepts of dominating entities are based on truth or if they are only mistaken rumors, and to answer the following questions: whether the biomass of large herbivores or termites is significant in the tropics, what is their influence on decomposition of vegetation matter; if the biomass of all ants actually exceeds the biomass of all people in the world; whether the abundance of prey and predators is stable across ecosystems; if there are more herbivores in tropical or cold ecosystems; or when predominant abundance of ants or termites is present in tropical ecosystems. Responses are gained through the extensive collection of abundance and animal biomass data from expert articles and publications. In order to be verifiable as well as the stability of the given ratios over the years,there were used data from the oldest traceable materials about 80 years old to the current data from current works. In addition to biomass and abundance values, attention is also paid to the methods used by scientists to collate...
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