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The influence of social factors on the nutritional status of dialysis patients
Boček, Petr ; Povolná, Pavla (advisor) ; Janečková, Hana (referee)
Aim of the thesis: The aim of this thesis was to find out what social factors influence the nutritional status of dialysis patients. The theoretical part deals with nutritional therapy as a part of complex care, linking the social sphere and human health, including a separate chapter on dialysis patients. The practical part then examines the aforementioned influence of social factors on the nutritional and overall health status of patients. Methods: A qualitative methodology of semi-structured interviews with six informants from a hemodialysis center and one social worker from the same facility was used for the research. An open coding technique was used followed by sorting into categories. Results: According to the interviews and follow-up categories, each core theme is discussed using specific quotes from informants, including the social worker's perspective on the issue. Conclusion: The discussion concludes with recommendations for practice that could improve and streamline the overall care of dialysis patients from a social-health perspective, such as interpersonal competence education, greater use of the social worker's offer, standardization of social care in the field, or the creation of support materials for patients. Keywords: social factor; nutritional care; dialysis; nutritional and...
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The effect of nutritional intervention on weight development, development of body composition and dietary changes in obese patients
Lahodová, Klára ; Sadílková, Aneta (advisor) ; Souza Lopes, Kristýna (referee)
Introduction: Despite modern methods of obesity treatment, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, lifestyle intervention remains a key element of therapy. Changing exercise and dietary habits leading to a negative energy balance is a prerequisite for weight reduction. Undoubtedly, this is a long-term process in which the patient needs the professional supervision of a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals. Dietitians provide the obese patient with individualized dietary recommendations with regard to his or her health and current living conditions. Thus, regular nutritional intervention can contribute to a higher success of the reduction regime. Objectives: The aim of this theses is to find out what effect nutritional intervention has on the development of body weight, body composition and dietary regime in a cohort of obese patients who consulted with a dietitian during 6 months. To compare changes in body weight, a control group of obesity outpatients who were under the care of a physician only and had not attended any consultation with a dietitian or had attended at most one nutritional consultation was selected. Methodology: Data collection took place on III. Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles...
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Nutrition in Palliative Care
Zedníková, Daniela ; Sláma, Ondřej (advisor) ; Kabelka, Ladislav (referee)
This thesis deals with nutrition in palliative care. The main aim is to introduce the issue of nutrition in palliative care, to help with a comprehensive perception of the context and the application of a palliative approach in nutritional care. The aim is to monitor and examine the current state of nutrition in facilities providing palliative care in the Czech Republic. The work is divided into theoretical and practical part. The theoretical part is focused on the issues of palliative care, nutrition and hydration. The practical part contains the objectives of the work, hypotheses and research with evaluation and analysis of the obtained data. There were two hypotheses established and evaluated. From a methodological point of view, a combination of several research methods of a quantitative nature was used. As a means of obtaining data, the use of the survey in the form of an internet survey was sent to the management of individual facilities providing palliative care in the Czech Republic. The obtained data were processed using standard statistical methods. Using descriptive statistics procedures in the form of analysis of the obtained results, especially with the use of absolute and relative frequency. The total number of 97 questionnaires were distributed. 18 questionnaires for hospices, 70...
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Organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly
Konopická, Olga ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Meisnerová, Eva (referee)
This thesis deals with the organization of nutrition care in homes for the elderly. The thesis itself is divided into two parts, theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on social services, age and changes connected with it, nutrition of the elderly, evaluation of nutritional status and accreditation of nutritional care. In the last part of the theoretical part I deal with the international project NutritionDay worldwide. NDay's vision is to minimize malnutrition in institutional care patients through the systematic collection and analysis of nutritional status data in healthcare facilities around the world. The aim of the practical part of this thesis is to describe the organization of nutritional care in individual facilities and find out the nutritional status of clients in individual facilities by participating in the project nutritionDay worldwide 2018 (nDay) and comparing it with other facilities in the world. A partial objective was to find out the awareness of employees in the nursing section about the organization of nutritional care in their institution and also to obtain more detailed information about nutritional care in individual institutions. To the project nDay held on 15. 11. 2018 were involved three facilities, which I have labeled 1, 2 and 3 for the sake of...
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Nutrition in thermic injury
Zemanová, Markéta ; Zajíček, Robert (advisor) ; Novák, František (referee)
Výživa u termických úrazů [Nutrition in Thermic Injury]. Bc. ZEMANOVÁ, Markéta, DiS. Praha, 2017. Počet stránek 84, 2. Diplomová práce (Mgr.) Univerzita Karlova, 1.lékařská fakulta Obor: Nutriční specialista Vedoucí práce MUDr. Robert Zajíček, Ph.d Abstract Aim of the thesis is summarizing current knowledge about clinical nutrition of patients with severe thermal injuries. Special emphasis is given to specifics of pediatric patients, who in many aspects react differently. The introduction focuses on history of burn medicine including nutrition, classification of burn injuries, prehospital care and role of individual members of the therapeutical multidisciplinary team logically centring on role of the dietitian. Extreme hypermetabolism, persisting a year or longer after the insult, influences nutritional recommendations including energy, macronutrients (protein, fats and carbohydrates) and micronutrients (minerals, vitamins and trace elements). Mode of administration is influenced as well. Specific facts are shown how these characteristics are reflected in daily dietetic therapy at the Clinic of Burn Medicine of the Prague Vinohrady Faculty Hospital (FNKV). In the investigative part we compare two groups of adult patients with extensive burn injuries. Inclusion criteria were age of 18-65 years, extent of...
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The effect of nutritional counselling on anorexia nervosa, its origin and treatment
Pokorná, Veronika ; Teofil, Alena (advisor) ; Daňková, Martina (referee)
The objective of this bachelor's thesis is to obtain a complex view of nutritional counselling and to prove or disprove influence of nutritionist's care on triggering and developing anorexia nervosa. The theoretical part describes the conditions for practising nutritional counselling and differences between dietitians and nutritionists. Also, this part focuses on factors that can trigger anorexia nervosa, its types, and prevention. The research was conducted by evaluating interviews with three clients of Anabell counselling centre and three clients of a nutritionist. The results show that the trust in the nutritionists is high and the clients precisely follow their recommendations which can affect their health. Inspection of the medical history of the nutritionist's clients was executed in neither of the cases. The medical history contains the important part of psychosocial issues and it was neglected. All of the three respondents confirmed that they did not know the difference between dietitian and nutritionist. The results provide an insight into the incompetent care of the nutritionists. They show that it is essential to spread knowledge on the possibility to use services of dietitians in the nutrition field. Keywords: nutritional counselling, nutritionist, dietitian, medical profession,...
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Sense of nutrition care in institutions for the seniors
Husová, Kristýna ; Novák, František (advisor) ; Šnejdrlová, Michaela (referee)
Malnutrition is a common and not fully revealed clinical problem in facilities for the elderly. Despite significant medical advances it remains an important and highly prevalent public health problem in developed countries. An early identification and appropriate nutritional support can help stop malnutrition and the negative consequences associated with poor nutritional condition. The risk of malnutrition increases with age and low levels of proper care. This thesis presents the findings of the situation of nutritional care in selected homes for the elderly through participation on NutritionDay Worldwide 2015 (nDay), which is compared to results in the world. It summarizes the knowledge about the individual organization and provision of nutritional care in selected homes. To the project nDay, held on 11/19 2015, home for the elderly in Kolín, home for the elderly PRAGOM CS, s r. o. in Pňov-Předhradí and a social care home Hagibor in Prague were involved. Respondents of these homes make up 9.4% of respondents in the Czech Republic. The result is that three selected facilities, which are compared with similar ones in the world, have a higher incidence of malnutrition. In the individual comparison of individual homes with other homes in the world, PRAGOM CS, s r. o. in Pňov-Předhradí and home for the elderly...
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