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Problematics of Child Pornography in Criminal Law
Sveykovská, Barbora ; Říha, Jiří (advisor) ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (referee)
The thesis focused on the problematics of child pornography in criminal law. Its goal was to describe the relevant legal regulations concerning child pornography in the Czech Republic and subsequently compare them with the legal framework of the United States. The thesis aimed to highlight problematic aspects in the current context that lawmakers should address in potential amendments. Specific modifications to the current Czech legal framework were also detailed in the text. The structure of the thesis includes an introduction, six chapters further divided into sub- chapters, and a conclusion. Given the thesis's topic, the prevailing method is description, and in individual sections, optionally, the methods of analysis, comparison, and synthesis are used. In the first chapter, the author focused on significant milestones in the historical development of pornography, ranging from ancient Roman mentions through the invention of the printing press to the emergence of the internet. However, the focus remained on pivotal moments of historical background, rather than an exhaustive history of child pornography. The second chapter, the most extensive one, analyzed the legal regulation of child pornography. It comprised four sub-chapters, progressively presenting the most crucial aspects of international...
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The Moral Crime and its Prevention
Dlouhá, Eliška ; Bohuslav, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokoun, Rudolf (referee)
The Moral Crime and its Prevention Abstract The thesis deals with the topic of moral crime and its prevention. The aim of this thesis is to provide a basic overview of the field of moral crime, to define the basic concepts related to this issue and to provide a deeper insight into the interpretation of selected sexual offences. This thesis is composed of four main chapters, each of which focuses on different aspects of the matter at hand and attempts to grasp it from multiple different perspectives. The introductory chapter contains definitions of basic terms related to sexual offences. It concentrates on defining terms such as morality, law or moral crime itself. It focuses primarily on the relationship between these terms, how law and morality differ from each other, and defines the general concept of crime in terms of legal and sociological concepts. The central part of this chapter is the definition of the concept of moral crime and its relationship to morality and law. Furthermore, the focus is on the statistical development of moral crime. The second chapter discusses the offender and victim of moral crime. The concept of the offender is defined from both a criminal law and criminological perspective. The categorization of offenders is described from various perspectives and the issue of sexual...
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Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Kurečková, Zuzana ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
Topic of the thesis: Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children The topic of this thesis is commercial sexual exploitation of children, which represents fundamental violation of children's rights. It comprises sexual abuse by an adult and remuneration in money or non-monetary benefits to the child or to a third party. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is dedicated to theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation of children, the process of its recognition and the current situation. Criminological aspects are also mentioned. The second chapter deals with international treatment of protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation and turns attention to documents adopted by the United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the International Tourism Organization, the Council of Europe and the European Union. The core of this thesis is elaborated on in the third chapter, which focuses on criminal protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation in the Czech Republic and concentrates on the analysis of the elements of crimes penalizing various aspects of this phenomenon. The analysis is divided by the forms of actions into trafficking of children,...
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Criminal Aspects of Pornography
Svoboda, Filip ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee) ; Tlapák Navrátilová, Jana (referee)
Criminal Aspects of Pornography Summary The main purpose of this thesis is to introduce the phenomenon of pornography in terms of criminal law, to point out flaws in the current relevant criminal legislation in the Czech Republic and to propose a possible solution in a form of potential legislative changes. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter deals with definition issue of vague legal term of "pornography" and other related terms ("child pornography", "hardcore pornography"). Furthermore, it briefly describes attitudes to the term of pornography in the legal systems of Slovakia and the United States of America and examines the issue of so called virtual pornography. The second chapter provides an overview of the related most important international instruments such as anti-pornography treaties concluded in the early 20th century as well as modern United Nations and Council of Europe treaties and European Union legal documents aiming at combat sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. The third chapter outlines historical development of the Czechoslovak and Czech criminal regulation of pornography in the former Austro-Hungarian criminal codes, recodification draft bills from the era of the First Czechoslovak Republic, socialist criminal codes of 1950 and 1961 and later...
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Criminal Aspects of Pornography
Svoboda, Filip ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Herczeg, Jiří (referee)
Criminal Aspects of Pornography Summary The main purpose of this thesis is to introduce the phenomenon of pornography in terms of criminal law, to point out flaws in the current relevant criminal legislation in the Czech Republic and to propose a possible solution in a form of potential legislative changes. The thesis is composed of five chapters. The first chapter deals with definition issue of vague legal term of "pornography" and other related terms ("child pornography", "hardcore pornography"). Furthermore, it briefly describes attitudes to the term of pornography in the legal systems of Slovakia and the United States of America and examines the issue of so called virtual pornography. The second chapter provides an overview of the related most important international instruments such as anti-pornography treaties concluded in the early 20th century as well as modern United Nations and Council of Europe treaties and European Union legal documents aiming at combat sexual exploitation of children and child pornography. The third chapter outlines historical development of the Czechoslovak and Czech criminal regulation of pornography in the former Austro-Hungarian criminal codes, recodification draft bills from the era of the First Czechoslovak Republic, socialist criminal codes of 1950 and 1961 and later...
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Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Kurečková, Zuzana ; Vanduchová, Marie (advisor) ; Gřivna, Tomáš (referee) ; Jelínek, Jiří (referee)
Topic of the thesis: Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children The topic of this thesis is commercial sexual exploitation of children, which represents fundamental violation of children's rights. It comprises sexual abuse by an adult and remuneration in money or non-monetary benefits to the child or to a third party. The child is treated as a sexual object and as a commercial object. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is dedicated to theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation of children, the process of its recognition and the current situation. Criminological aspects are also mentioned. The second chapter deals with international treatment of protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation and turns attention to documents adopted by the United Nations, the International Labour Organization, the International Tourism Organization, the Council of Europe and the European Union. The core of this thesis is elaborated on in the third chapter, which focuses on criminal protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation in the Czech Republic and concentrates on the analysis of the elements of crimes penalizing various aspects of this phenomenon. The analysis is divided by the forms of actions into trafficking of children,...
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Commercial Sexual Exploitation of Children
Uchytilová, Soňa ; Gřivna, Tomáš (advisor) ; Vanduchová, Marie (referee)
RESUME V ANGLICKÉM JAZYCE The topic of this thesis is commercial sexual exploitation of children, which is defined in international documents as sexual abuse by an adult and remuneration in money or non- monetary benefits to the child or to a third party. The thesis is divided into five parts. The first chapter is dedicated to theoretical introduction to the phenomenon of commercial sexual exploitation of children. For each form of commercial sexual exploitation of children are given the historical aspects of the origin, causes and forms of their existence and examples from practice. The second chapter focuses on international cooperation in the field of protection of children against commercial sexual exploitation. It mentions three most important international congresses that took place since 1996 - World Congress in Stockholm, Yokohama and in Rio de Janeiro. There were accepted soft law documents. In the third chapter is incorporated international legislation of the fight against sexual violence against children. There are presented and analyzed major international documents. These are documents of the United Nations, the Council of Europe and the European Union. The forth chapter contains national legislation of Czech Republic. This chapter is divided pursuant to the individual form of commercial sexual...
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Censorship in ČR after 1989
SEGI, Stefan
The dissertation thesis examines czech literary censorship after 1989. It presents a polemical addition to a monograph published one year earlier entitled V obecném zájmu [In the General Interest], which covered the same period. The main methodological resource is represented by the books of a British theatrologist Helen Freshwater, who based her inclusive model of censorship on the border crossing of hard and soft censorship. Moreover, she moved her emphasis on discourse as the main indicator of what is considered a censor´s intervention in a particular historical moment. The core of the thesis consists of four chapters, which on the basis of the original research examine the typical cases of censorship and related discourse. These chapters are included in a broader frame of a changing notion of censorship and political correctness in the discussed period. The chapter devoted to the banned skinhead music group Braník is based on the examination of the respective court´s files and the analysis of the changing notion of freedom of speech in the beginning of the 1990s. The chapter about the censorship of literature for children and youth is based on the comparison of various editions of books written by Bohumil Říha. Furthermore, the conditions are observed, under which the interventions to these new editions were identified as censorship. Censorship on internet is treated in the chapter devoted to the regulation of the virtual (literary) child pornography, while the chapter devoted to political correctness focuses on texts and paratexts of splatterpunk literature. This doctoral work should offer a complex picture of changing ways of censorship and thinking after 1989.
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