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The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart 1623- 2023.
Vik, Dalibor Jiří ; Schifferová, Věra (advisor) ; Lášek, Jan Blahoslav (referee) ; Beneš, Jiří (referee)
The dissertation thesis deals with the topic of the "afterlife" of Comenius's most notable Czech work, The Labyrinth of the World and the Paradise of the Heart, and the constitution of its position in the history of ideas. In six main historical periods, spreading over four centuries from the writing of the manuscript (1623) to the present day (2023), it examines the reception of the work in cultural-social and scholarly realms, traces their interaction and describes shifts in the interpretation of the work in relation to changing paradigms of the day. From the source material, it analyses primarily a wide range of various editions and translations of the work, mentions, commentaries and scholarly publications on the work and objects of artistic nature, based on which it aims at reconstructing various historical images of the work, which symbolically and factually accompanied the Czech society in its historical transformations. The work contains the most complete list of Czech editions and translations of the work and relevant secondary literature to date. It was written on the occasion of the 400th anniversary of the work.
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Theological Perspectives in Cosmology of Georges Lemaître
Rejman, Daniel ; Petráček, Tomáš (advisor) ; Šmíd, Marek (referee) ; Bouma, David (referee)
The thesis analyzes the thinking, legacy and the second life of the work of a prominent mathematician, cosmologist and the Catholic priest Georges Lemaître. The patterns of his thinking (expecting the intelligibility of the cosmos, assuming the hidden nature of God for research of natural science, seeing indeterminism in the evolution of the cosmos and separating the scientific and religious approach to reality) are presented on the basis of sources and literature based on Lemaître's texts and texts of scholars who dealt with his life and work. Everything is further complemented by the opinions of authors writing about the broader contexts of the history of cosmology and its interferencee with religion. Those long-term tendencies are drawn in more detail and further connected and compared with more general European ideas (the book of nature, the question of human free will, light as a backdrop of creation, appreciating the simplicity of hypotheses). Special emphasis is placed on the religious connotations of Lemaître's thinking - these are also presented with regard to the development of time, to which insights are further applied using modern models of the relationship between science and religion. It is the temporal transformation of that relationship within Lemaître's life path and the resulting...
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The Political Thought of Karl Jaspers
Bojda, Martin ; Pešek, Jiří (advisor) ; Šebek, Jaroslav (referee) ; Županič, Jan (referee)
The Political Thought of Karl Jaspers - Abstract The aim of the dissertation was to interpret the thinking of Karl Jaspers as an endeavour to clarify the connecting lines between the basic characteristics of human being and its historical and political dimensions. In the book we reconstructed Jaspers' spiritual development from systematic-theoretical research to the engagement of a public intellectual. As his main legacy are shown the importance of the inseparability, of a mutual cultivation and prove of philosophical foundation and historical being as well as exploration. Jaspers is presented as an important participant in the discussions about the problems of German society from the 1930s to the 1960s, whose contribution laid not in a philosophically "more abstract" analysing of problems, but in discovering that social and political being cannot do without philosophical self-reflection of man, of the structure of human existence and knowledge and of the principial values derived from it. In his confrontations with the situation of German culture, politics and society, Jaspers enriched the public debate by cultivating the philosophical and methodical consciousness. He emphasized the distinctions between the nature and instruments of the different spheres of human spirit (of sciences, religion, philosophy...
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Intellectual History in the Context of Czech and European Historiography in 19th and 20the Century
Čtvrtník, Mikuláš ; Beneš, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Středová, Veronika (referee) ; Horský, Jan (referee)
The main thematic scope and basis of the PhD thesis is the specific movement in the historiography called duchové dějiny (in English partly misleading translation intellectual history) in the form, in which it was developed in German speaking lands as Geistesgeschichte, and in the Czech historiography as duchové dějiny outlined by Zdeněk Kalista. In the PhD thesis duchové dějiny is put into the wide context of the development of historical thinking and methodology in the 19th and 20th century. The PhD thesis treats the subdiscipline of duchové dějiny in many perspectives and at different levels and thematically is not enclosed by the boundaries of the duchové dějiny itself. The duchové dějiny is here in a way an optics through which one line of historiography and historical thinking in the 19th and 20th century is observed, treated and interpreted. The PhD thesis also aims to connect the history and its methodology with the archivistics and archival theory. In this way proposes the thesis certain solutions. Nowadays, duchové dějiny belongs rather to the marginal movements or subdisciplines in the historiography in the Czech and German speaking lands, contrary to intellectual history in Anglophone areas. In spite of this the PhD thesis tried to show, that the duchové dějiny is still alive,...
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Karel Havlicek Borovsky founder of Czech economic thought? Ppart of the history of Czech economic thought
Brožek, Jan ; Szobi, Pavel (advisor) ; Chalupecký, Petr (referee)
The aim of my paper is a critical examination of the thesis, held by Czech public professionals, that Karel Havlíček Borovský was the founder of Czech economic thinking. I begin with the premise that Havlíček was primarily an economic journalist with a basic knowledge of liberal thinking, which he wanted to interpret for the general Czech public in his articles, in order to familiarize the upcoming "Czech national movement" with the basics of economic theory. Based on the methodology of the History of Ideas, I want to show how liberalism looked in the Czech region of the 19th Century, to focus on the social stratification of Czech society and illustrate the difference between a scientist and journalist. In my work, I want to not only deal with That Havlíček wrote in his texts, but would also like to take into account an analysis of the interests of the "Czech national movement" in the 19th Century.
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