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Minor insect groups as pollinators and flower visitors
Jůna, František ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to review flower-insect interactions in those insect orders which are traditionally recognized as minor groups of insect pollinators. This means Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera orders are excluded. The emphasis is on the occurrence of pollination relationship, but palynivory, nectarivory, flower herbivory and flowers as hunting-site are discussed too. Much of the research is just listing the species which were found on flowers without any deeper study of their relationship with the flower. These non-specified interactions are recognised as flower visitors. Most of this bachelor thesis is about the order of Thrips (Thysanoptera), because of the large number of pollinators in this order. On the other hand many other orders are only mentioned or they even are missing. There is little interaction by some orders, or the interactions are missing or they are unknown. Also fossil flower-insect interactions are mentioned too. Key words Pollination, Thrips, Cockroaches, Lacewings, True bugs, Scorpionflies, Earwigs, Orthoptera, Caddisflies
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Simulace agregačního chování
Tomek, Jakub ; Brom, Cyril (advisor) ; Holan, Tomáš (referee)
Many breeds of cockroaches living in nature form aggregations. In this the- sis, we are looking for evolutionary advantages provided by the aggregation behavior. Because of the difficulty of testing evolutionary hypotheses on real cockroaches, we decided to use a multi-agent simulation instead. We present several models which test certain hypotheses coming from various areas of cock- roach life. Hypotheses on protection against predators, effective use of food from corpses of other cockroaches have been confirmed. Also, we provide an explana- tion of cannibalism among cockroaches. On the other hand, certain hypotheses were rejected, for example, the hypothesis concerning effective use of feces of other cockroaches. Our results may be used in further research on cockroach behavior. Furthermore, since aggregation as a general process appears in other areas of natural sciences, it is possible to use our results in them as well. 1
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Genome size in the evolution of cockroaches
Stuchlíková, Magdalena ; Janšta, Petr (advisor) ; Vít, Petr (referee)
Genome size or nuclear DNA content is a a trait which varies greatly among living organisms, with no apparent relashionship between genome size and organismal complexity. It is usually described using the C-value as either a number of base pairs or picograms of DNA. Unresolved questions regarding mechanisms influencing genome size and relationships between genome size and other organismal traits are together known as the C-value enigma. Genome size is known to positively correlate with cell size and negatively with developmental and cell division rate. A maximum constraint of 2 pg has also been proposed for haploid genome sizes of holometabolous insects. Despite the fact that there are about one million described insect species, genome sizes are only known in a fraction of them. This thesis thus aims to extend the dataset of known insect genome sizes by as many species of cockroaches (Blattodea) as possible. Another aim is to compare results with known phylogeny and also to compare difference in genome size between sexes. Flow cytometry was used for genome size estimations, which is a rapid, simple and effective method, also suitable for study of ploidy levels and other cellular charasteristics.
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Prokaryotic symbionts of protists living in the intestine of wood eating cockroaches and termites
Kubánková, Aneta ; Hampl, Vladimír (advisor) ; Rotterová, Johana (referee)
Termites and wood-eating cockroaches are worldwide successful especially because of their ability to digest lignocellulose efficiently. After a long period of coevolution a complex ecosystem of diverse microorganisms was established in their hindgut. A lot of lineages of flagellates live solely within this unique environment and it is impossible to cultivate them in vitro. As termites are unable to survive without their eukaryotic endosymbionts, also protists are strongly linked to prokaryotes colonizing their cytoplasm and cytoplasmic membrane. Numerous phyla of bacteria participate in nitrogen fixation and efficient nitrogen utilization, synthesis of amino acids, cofactors and vitamines. Some of them take part in the degradation of lignocellulose. Representatives of another domain of prokaryotes, Archea, are important in the final stages of lignocellulose fermentation, because they utilize the produced hydrogen gas in a process of methanogenesis. Large part of our knowledge about the composition and function of the termite gut biota was acquired thanks to metagenomic studies.
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Pollination of Clusia blattophila: Quality and quantity components of the plant-pollinator system
Pinc, Jan ; Vlasáková, Blanka (advisor) ; Chrtek, Jindřich (referee)
This work discusses the pollination system of Clusia blattophila on the Nouragues inselberg in the central part of French Guiana. The pollination system is unique, because one of the pollinators is probably a cockroach species, Amazonina platystylata. It is the third, and the last known case of cockroach pollination. Flowers are also visited by crickets (Gryllidae), flies (Diptera) belonging to the families Hybotidae, Cecidomyiidae, Dolichopodidae, and some other arthropods. This work deals with the effectiveness of the pollination system and its two components. The quantitative component of the pollination effectiveness is characterized by the number of visits and visit duration. A qualitative characteristic of pollination is characterized by the number of pollen transferred by individual pollinator. To determine quantitative characteristics, ca. 450 hours of recordings were taken. From the recordings, it is apparent that cockroaches and dipterans occur on flowers more frequently, and also that cockroaches and crickets spends on flowers more time. To determine the quantitative characteristics, pollen load on stigma and insect was determined and an exclusion experiment was performed when only some floral visitors were allowed to touch the flowers. All experiments confirm that cockroach Amazonina...
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Minor insect groups as pollinators and flower visitors
Jůna, František ; Kotyková Varadínová, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tropek, Robert (referee)
The aim of my bachelor thesis is to review flower-insect interactions in those insect orders which are traditionally recognized as minor groups of insect pollinators. This means Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera orders are excluded. The emphasis is on the occurrence of pollination relationship, but palynivory, nectarivory, flower herbivory and flowers as hunting-site are discussed too. Much of the research is just listing the species which were found on flowers without any deeper study of their relationship with the flower. These non-specified interactions are recognised as flower visitors. Most of this bachelor thesis is about the order of Thrips (Thysanoptera), because of the large number of pollinators in this order. On the other hand many other orders are only mentioned or they even are missing. There is little interaction by some orders, or the interactions are missing or they are unknown. Also fossil flower-insect interactions are mentioned too. Key words Pollination, Thrips, Cockroaches, Lacewings, True bugs, Scorpionflies, Earwigs, Orthoptera, Caddisflies
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Simulace agregačního chování
Tomek, Jakub ; Brom, Cyril (advisor) ; Holan, Tomáš (referee)
Many breeds of cockroaches living in nature form aggregations. In this the- sis, we are looking for evolutionary advantages provided by the aggregation behavior. Because of the difficulty of testing evolutionary hypotheses on real cockroaches, we decided to use a multi-agent simulation instead. We present several models which test certain hypotheses coming from various areas of cock- roach life. Hypotheses on protection against predators, effective use of food from corpses of other cockroaches have been confirmed. Also, we provide an explana- tion of cannibalism among cockroaches. On the other hand, certain hypotheses were rejected, for example, the hypothesis concerning effective use of feces of other cockroaches. Our results may be used in further research on cockroach behavior. Furthermore, since aggregation as a general process appears in other areas of natural sciences, it is possible to use our results in them as well. 1
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Application of gel baits for control of pest cockroaches
Aulický, Radek ; Stejskal, Václav
The certified technological procedure was developed in order to support Czech national legislation 258/2000. The procedure is aimed at the control of pest cockroaches in agricultural and food industry premises using insecticide gel baits. The technological procedure contains new and original information on gel bait efficacy and instructions on their application under various environmental circumstances.
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