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Role of glial cells in the immune response of mice infected by neurotropic fluke Trichobilharzia regenti
Macháček, Tomáš ; Panská, Lucie (advisor) ; Kopecký, Jan (referee)
A central nervous system (CNS) can be invaded by plenty of parasites, including parasitic helminths. Host's immune response during such infections includes not only participation of peripheral lymphocytes, but also astrocytes and microglia, resident glial cells present in the CNS. Activation of astrocytes and microglia has been recently demonstrated also in mice infected by neurotropic avian trematode Trichobilharzia regenti (Digenea: Schistosomatidae) for which mammals represent accidental hosts. The parasite does not mature in them and elicits development of inflammatory reaction in the CNS which may take part in parasite's destruction. Employing in vitro experiments, this thesis aimed at evaluation of the possible role of astrocytes and microglia in murine immune response to T. regenti. For this purpose, primary astrocyte and microglia culture preparations were established and the cells were then stimulated by antigens of T. regenti (homogenate of transformed cercariae, recombinant cathepsins B1.1 and B2). After that, production of nitric oxide and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF-alpha) was measured. The results revealed that in vitro stimulated astrocytes and microglia increase production of nitric oxide, IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Such response to parasite's antigens could influence...
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Case report of therapeutic care patient after brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe
Soukup, Petr ; Křížková, Štěpánka (advisor) ; Kozáková, Alena (referee)
Title: Case report of therapeutic care patient after brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe Object of paper: The primary aim of this work is to describe the subject of CNS - tumors lokalized in the brain, specifically in the temporal lobe and subsequently a case study of a patient with this diagnosis, which was established during a hospital university-internship. Abstract: The general part deals with the theoretical information about the nervous system and brain tumors. Where as the specific part shows a case report of pateint after a brain tumor surgery in the temporal lobe. The materialis and the fundation of this bachelor dissertation were gathered at the neurological in-patient ward in regional hospital Kladno. Key words: Tumor, physiotherapy (physical therapy), central nervous system, temopral lobe (lobus temporalis)
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Importance of particular regions of CNS in the development of opioid addiction
Vyvadilová, Tereza ; Hejnová, Lucie (advisor) ; Roubalová, Lenka (referee)
Opiods are used as the most powerful painkillers in the medicine. The mechanism of their effect is determined by binding to the opioids receptors located in the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system. The opioids have high potential to develop addiction. Significance of psychical addiction belongs to losing control above using and compulsive desire to obtain drug of abuse to achieve certain psychical state. The somatic part is increase tolerance demonstrating need of dose increasing to achieve required effect. This thesis summarizes knowledge about particular regions of the central nervous system which participate on developing of addiction as ventral tegmental area, nucleus accumbens, locus coeruleus, ventral pallidum and amygdala. It seems that main role in developing of addiction acts the mesolimbic reward system which relates with increased release of dopamine resulting in stimulation of the brain reward system.
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Effect of hippotherapy at clients with sclerosis muiltiplex.
Hrbasová, Hana ; Leontovyčová, Jana (advisor) ; Šifta, Petr (referee)
Hipotherapy is a complex therapy, broaden and recently very sought after rehabilitation method, which is being more and more recognized by experts for its broaden scene. It is a complex therapy thanks to involving medicine, psychology, pedagogy and also a social sphere. That's why is this method indicated at many different levels of disablement. It's being used with pacients with children's cerebral palsy, diverse level of cerebral dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. And it's the therapy's effect on multiple sclerosis that this thesis paper discusses. It also applies to brain and spinal traumas, scoliosis, back pain, orthopedic defects, cardiovascular disease, degenerative muscle disease, obesity, as well as it provides help at emotional and mental aspect, e.g. children with behavioral disorders and many others. At hipotherapy is being used a three dimensional (multidimensional) horse motion. Horse's spine moves up - down, forward - backward, right - left. Imitating a mechanisms of human walking, which leads to relaxation of spasticity. Impulses are transmitted onto back which brings interaction of impeller and back muscles, stand up pose, and posture interference. All this brings a walking improvements, movements coordination, balance and consolidation of a flabby muscles. Each horse has a different nature...
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Inhibitors of axonal regeneration and their importance for neuroplasticity, behaviour and memory
Vojtěchová, Iveta ; Petrásek, Tomáš (advisor) ; Hock, Miroslav (referee)
The central nervous system of higher vertebrates, in contrast to the peripheral one, doesn't regenerate. That is because of the presence of many growth inhibitors produced by a glial scar and oligodendrocytes; the most important inhibitors are MAG (myelin-associated glycoprotein), OMgp (oligodendrocyte-myelin glycoprotein) and mainly Nogo protein. Nogo-A is one of three isoforms of the Nogo protein located primarily in the brain and the spinal cord where it causes the degradation of growth cones, inhibits the growth of neurites, restricts the neuroplasticity and prevents the regeneration of injured axons in adulthood. The Nogo receptor complex serves for a reception of signals and the following signal cascade causes the destabilisation of actin filaments. There are also other receptors for Nogo-A, e. g. the PirB receptor. During the development, Nogo-A is highly expressed by neurons but in adulthood, the main producers are oligodendrocytes. It is noteworthy, that neuronal expression of Nogo-A doesn't decrease after birth in structures with high plasticity, e. g. in the hippocampus which is important especially for spatial learning and memory. In the hippocampus, Nogo-A keeps a balance between the synaptic plasticity and stability and restricts the long-term potentiation. Therefore, this bachelor's thesis...
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Host immune response in neuroinfections caused by parasitic helminths.
Macháček, Tomáš ; Panská, Lucie (advisor) ; Štáfková, Jitka (referee)
Among helmiths, there are some parasites which may dwell in the central nervous system of humans during their ontogenic development. Contrary to the former concept of so called immune privilege of this site, hosts develop the immune response against them. Both immune cells and resident immunocompetent cells (astrocytes, microglia) participate in these immune reactions. The host immune response consists of cellular as well as humoral immunity. This bachelor's thesis gives the general features of the immune response in the central nervous system and describes the immune response during particular helminthic neuroinfections: neuroschistosomiasis, neurocysticercosis and neurotoxocarosis.
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Effect of hippotherapy at clients with sclerosis multiplex
Hrbasová, Hana ; Leontovyčová, Jana (advisor) ; Dvořáčková, Hana (referee)
Hipotherapy is a complex therapy, broaden and recently very sought after rehabilitation method, which is being more and more recognized by experts for its broaden scene. It is a complex therapy thanks to involving medicine, psychology, pedagogy and also a social sphere. That's why is this method indicated at many different levels of disablement. It's being used with pacients with children's cerebral palsy, diverse level of cerebral dysfunction and multiple sclerosis. And it's the therapy's effect on multiple sclerosis that this thesis paper discusses. It also applies to brain and spinal traumas, scoliosis, back pain, orthopedic defects, cardiovascular disease, degenerative muscle disease, obesity, as well as it provides help at emotional and mental aspect, e.g. children with behavioral disorders and many others. At hipotherapy is being used a three dimensional (multidimensional) horse motion. Horse's spine moves up - down, forward - backward, right - left. Imitating a mechanisms of human walking, which leads to relaxation of spasticity. Impulses are transmitted onto back which brings interaction of impeller and back muscles, stand up pose, and posture interference. All this brings a walking improvements, movements coordination, balance and consolidation of a flabby muscles. Each horse has a different nature...
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Post Traumatic Stress Disorder within crisis situations
DUCHOŇ, Jaroslav
This work deals with post-traumatic damage (Posttraumatic Stress Disorder - PTSD below), which has international classification of diseases code F 43.1. Brand of the key number F43 has ICD group ' reactions to severe stress and adjustment disorders ." From this kinship is already evident, that this is a dysfunctional experiences of itself and a change in social behavior - such as the following condition after he was subjected to cruel individual emotional experience. The aim of the thesis is to determine whether the degree of contact with posttraumatic stress disorder consistent with members of the Army of the Czech Republic, carried his service to the country in difficult conditions of combat, but also foreign peacekeeping operations, and the various components of the integrated rescue system, which fall into the Czech Republic Police, Fire Brigade of the Czech Republic and emergency medical service.
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