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Biologically active substances of medicinal plants within selected families (Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae)
Čápová, Klára ; Vodičková, Hana (advisor) ; Zelený, Václav (referee)
For ages plants have not only been used as a source of food but also to prevent or treat various diseases. Their healing effects are provided by biologically active substances, especially the products of secondary metabolism. Primary metabolites, such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, are particularly important from the nutritive point of view. They are an essential part of our diet. The same level of importance also applies to vitamins that serve as catalysts in a great number of metabolic reactions.
The aim of this thesis was to describe biologically active substances found in medicinal plants of the Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families and to summarize their effects on human health. These families include many species of plants that have demonstrated positive effects on human health. The effects are mainly attributed to phenolic compounds, most of which are represented by flavonoids, phenolic acids and tannins. Furthermore, essential oils and vitamin C also have a positive impact on our health.
Medicinal plants from the previously mentioned families often have astringent, spasmolytic and antimicrobial properties, for which they owe to phenolic compounds, especially tannins, flavonoids and phenolic acids. Due to the content of essential oils and their spasmolytic effects they counteract cramps and diarrhoea, increase the production and secretion of bile and also have antimicrobial effects. Plants that contain vitamin C, an important antioxidant, can boost our immunity in general.
Another aim of this work was to define external factors that can influence the content and the metabolism of biologically active substances. Considering climatic conditions we have to mention temperature and light, which primarily influence the content of essential oils. Other factors could be soil composition, methods of cultivation, harvesting and post-harvest processing. During the process of drying there comes the loss of essential oils and vitamin C.
The integral part of this thesis was also to create an overview of selected medicinal plants of the Rosaceae, Lamiaceae and Asteraceae families, thein plant-based drugs, biologically active substances and their effects on human health.
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Sója - funkční potravina
Drábková, Michaela
The food industry has lately experienced a significant growth in those foodstuffs known as functional foods. This bachelor's thesis focuses on soya bean as a crop that contains a number of biologically active substances with positive effects on the human body. Thanks to the presence of healthy substances, soya is considered to be a valuable functional food. The first part of the thesis deals with the characteristics of functional foods, the reasons for their genesis, development and the ways of classifying them. The following part is aimed at soya itself, its chemical composition and a thorough description of the physiologically impactful substances it contains. The last part of the thesis summarizes the effects of soya on human health, particularly its role in disease prevention, whilst allergy to soya is also mentioned.
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Biologicky aktivní látky v medu
Ošťádalová, Ilona
This thesis is introducing us a theme of "Biologically active compounds in honey". The first part is introducing characteristic of honey, mostly types not only domestic, but also from abroad and their spesifics. As next, the reader is shortly breefed about history of a use of honey for medical purposes such as skin treatments, inflammations, cancer and other diseases. At the end of this chapter there is a honey content described. Next chapter is explaining a term of biologically active compounds, describing some of them, their amount and comparing these amounts to others coming from different groceries. Also there is spoken about their positive influence on human health and methods of their laboratory determination.
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The Usage of Separation Methods for Research of Biologically Active Substances in Waters
Vydrová, Lucie ; Friedl, Zdeněk (referee) ; Opatřilová, Radka (referee) ; Chýlková,, Jaromíra (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Pharmaceuticals are biological active compounds with different functional groups, physico-chemical and biological properties. These chemical compounds are called as “new contaminants” which cumulate in various environmental components. These contaminants input to environment from industrial processes, hospitals and health care institutions or household sources and these pollutants can to negatively interact with environmental components. Pharmaceuticals are separated according to structure and their effects to live organisms. On the basis of drug consumption in Czech Republic the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most using pharmaceuticals, because these drugs can be obtain without prescriptions. The choosing analgesics for study were monitored in waste water from waste waters treatment plant (WWTP Brno – Modřice) and in surface water from two sampling sites of river Kretinka. Pharmaceuticals were monitored in surface waters in Czech Republic, in Scotland (river Thurso) and in Taiwan (river Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan) Solid phase extraction (SPE) is used for extraction of study pharmaceutical from water system. The high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection or mass spectrometry was used for determination of drugs in surface waters from Czech Republic. The water samples from Scotland and Taiwan were analysed and the high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) was used for determination of pharmaceuticals. The method of HPLC/MS enables the determination of study compounds in the very low range of concentrations (ng ? l-1). All monitored pharmaceuticals were identified and quantified in water samples from river Kretinka in Czech Republic, river Thurso (Scotland) and rivers Erren, Agongdian, Yanshuei and canal of Tainan in Taiwan and the obtained data were compared.
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Characterization of active substances in several kinds of beer
Benešová, Pavla ; Obruča, Stanislav (referee) ; Márová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to analyse biologically active compounds, especially of phenolic character, in 10 kinds of alcohol-free beer in comparison with alcoholic beer. In theoretical part basic steps of brewery technology are described including alcohol-free beer production. Characteristic compounds occurring especially in Czech beer e.g. proteins, phenolics, bitter substances and also methods for their analysis are discussed as well. Microfluidic electrophoresis (Experion, BioRad) was used to beer protein analysis. Phenolic compounds, flavonoids, technological characteristics and antioxidative activity were measured by spectophotometry. Individual phenolics of selected beers were identified and quantified by LC/ESI-MS analysis too. In alcohol-free beers similar concentrations of biologically active compounds were found in comparison with alcoholic beers, especially in the case of beer phenolics.
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Response of animal cells to the extract, obtained from the colony matrix of Pectinatella magnifica
ŠUSTEROVÁ, Karolína
The aim of this thesis was to determine whether colonies freshwater bryozoans Pectinatella magnifica produce biologically active substances. On the basis of knowledge of the course of the growth curves of cell culture mouse fibroblasts were developed models for biological assays to determine the biological potential of substances contained in the extract of lyophilisate colonies of P. magnifica. Tests demonstrated the presence of substances with biological activity. Next part of this work was also survey the occurrence and distribution of the reference type to Vltavotýnsku, including the monitoring of basic parameters of the aquatic environment. It was explored in two years (2012 and 2013) repeated a total of 10 sites on rivers Vltava and Lužnice, the incidence was detected at 5 locations .
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Occurrence of important bioactive compounds in cow´s milk
KALA, Robert
Milk as mammary gland secretions of mammals is an important food essential for proper development of the organism and development of the digestive tract. After birth, this is the first component of food, that people can or other newborn mammals receive as well. It is a rich source of nutrients and biologically active substances. Bachelor work is focused on the occurrence and importance of milk bioactive substances and is divided into five chapters - into proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. In each chapter there is always described the group of substances and is listed the group characteristic as well - physical and chemical changes, effects on health or changes due to technological processing for example in production of fermented dairy products. In each major group there are brought near significant groups of substances in sub-sections. There is also described the nutritional role of individual milk substances.
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