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Self-regulation and executive functions of bilingual and multilingual children
PAŠKOVÁ, Klára
This diploma thesis examines the relationship between bilingualism or multilingualism of children of elementary school age and their executive functions and self-regulatory abilities. The aim of this thesis was to map the language development of the children involved in the context of their language choice in problem situations in which the executive part of the brain is activated. The theoretical framework is mainly based on findings on bilingualism, neuropsychology and studies dealing with the effect of multilingualism on cognitive abilities. Specifically, it focuses on the definition of bilingualism and its classification, the typology of bilingual families and upbringing, as well as the description of individual executive functions and their training possibilities. The empirical part of the thesis uses a qualitative analysis of selected aspects observed in children during the performance of two selected tests involving executive functions (the Trail Making Test and the Tower of Hanoi). It also uses information about the children's language environment and development from their parents through a questionnaire. In addition, it draws on observations of children in the school environment and interviews directly with the participating children. The results suggest that children use their dominant language to complete more challenging cognitive tasks, which provides them with comfort for thought operations and expression. Targeted executive function training for these children, because of the very principle of executive functioning, should be conducted in the language in which they feel stronger and more confident.
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Predisposition to language learning in adolescents from multilingual families
Holkupová, Lucie ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Suková Vychopňová, Kateřina (referee)
Language learning predisposition in adolescents from multilingual families' is a paper investigating bilingualism and multilingualism in adolescents who come from multilingual families. The aim of the paper was to comment on the effects on specific aspects of teaching based on the researched approach to language proficiency of bilingual learners. The main research focuses on the question of whether or not it is always true that these adolescents automatically have a talent for foreign languages. There are many stereotypes about bilingualism and bilingual or multilingual education in Czech society and in this paper the author confirms some of them and refutes some of them. The first part of this thesis is more theoretically oriented and explains various concepts related to bilingualism (such as code-switching, bilingual family, types of bilingualism, plurilingualism, second language acquisition, interference, positive transfer, sociolinguistics, etc.). In the second part of this thesis, the author will show in a differentiated perspective the variety of impacts of bilingual learners' backgrounds on language learning. The research has confirmed that the rule about bilingual and multilingual pupils does not always apply as they may be gifted in languages and may have a different focus (humanities,...
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Bilingual preschool environment
VONDRŮ, Tereza
This bachelor's thesis aims to examinate the bilingual educational environment in kindergarten. The theoretical part of the thesis describes bilingualism itself and the concepts associated with it. Other key areas outlined within the theoretical section are - bilingual family and its types, bilingual education and bilingual kindergartens. Furthermore, both the advantages and disadvantages of bilingualism are highlighted in the thesis along with analysis of speech development of bilingual and monolingual children. The aim of the practical part was to approach the bilingual educational environment with focus on its communication and the methods used. For this purpose, the author has conducted qualitative research in the form of case study, which took place for one day in a bilingual kindergarten in a Czech-German class. This section will reveal results of the kindergarten education observation and interview with both a German- and Czech-speaking teacher. Last parts of the thesis are dedicated to the author's personal experience with bilingualism and her insight into the issue.
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How to become bilingual: Process of acquisition of second language at different ages
Dejmalová, Tereza ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jančík, Jiří (referee)
Title of the thesis: How to become bilingual : Process of acquisition of second language at different ages This bachelor thesis deals with the development of bilingualism. The objective of this work is to show how we become bilingual at different ages and prove that the process of learning a second language is not the same at every age of life. The work builds the solution on the theories of linguists and on the practical research which is presented in the form of the case studies and analysis of language speech. The first chapter of the work is focused on the definition of bilingualism and the second one is about the types of this phenomenon. The third chapter presents the process of language acquisition. Individual parts of this chapter deal with the process of language acquisition of the mother tongue by monolingual children, further the simultaneous acquisition of two languages from birth, the process of acquisition by the children who integrate a second language between 3 - 6 years and finally the acquisition of a second language by the persons after 6 years. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the phenomena which are associated with the bilingualism. The last one presents the case studies of three types of bilingualism which are defined by age in the theoretical part. The studies are compared...
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The Acquisition of Language by Children from Bilingual Families
TOMANOVÁ, Lucie
The thesis deals with the issues of bilingual education. How bilingual families solve bilingualism, influence of bilingualism on child development and the methods of bilingual education. The theoretical part is divided into three chapters. The first chapter deals with language and its development stages in language acquisition, switching or mixing languages. The second chapter focuses on bilingualism itself. Here I describe the basic types of bilingualism, the ways and cause of bilingualism. In the third chapter about bilingual education I explain its principles and typologies. In the practical part I used the qualitative research. I wanted to find out how children develop bilingualism, if they mix languages and also what is their parent´s knowledge of and experience with bilingualism. The goal of this thesis is to disaprove prejudices against bilingual education.
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The Strategies of Bilingual Childen Upbringing in Czech-Russian Speaking Families
PAKHTUSOV, Iurii
The thesis is designed as a qualitative research dealing with the implementation of strategies of bilingual children upbringing in Czech-Russian-speaking families. The main goal of this thesis is to examine the implementation of the bilingual upbringing strategy on Czech-Russian-speaking children between two years and a month of age and seven years and eleven months of age. It attempts to complete the missing information about Czech-Russian bilingualism, while providing characteristics of the strategies of bilingual upbringing which are implemented in the given families. The main goal of this thesis is to discover and describe which strategies of bilingual upbringing are being used in parenting in Czech-Russian-speaking families. The theoretical part introduces bilingualism as a term and its definition, followed by the concepts of bilingual family and bilingual upbringing. Then the strategies of bilingual upbringing, basic phases of bilingual language development in bilingual children, interference and mixing up languages, positive interference, switching the language codes and language borrowing, along with biculturalism and bicultural education are described. At the end, the importance of rituals in family life is discussed. The empirical part was realized on the basis of qualitative research using a semi-structured interview, an assigned Russian Test for Bilingual Children and a summary and interpretation of the results. In the analysis of the data, the OPOL strategy (one parent - one language) and the extension of this strategy, depending on the language knowledge of the parents, was found to be the most used in families. In addition, we found that children had better linguistic skills in families where strategy selection was made in advance and a certain strategy followed, rather than in families where parents did not consider and pursue purely intuitive strategies, or where no strategy has been consistently followed or parents have mixed languages when communicating with each other. These results were confirmed by the Russian Language Test for Bilingual Children, which we used more as a supplementary method, rather than a ěseparate measuring instrument because the research file is not big enough to make a clear conclusion. The results of the test were then analysed qualitatively.
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How to become bilingual: Process of acquisition of second language at different ages
Dejmalová, Tereza ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Jančík, Jiří (referee)
Title of the thesis: How to become bilingual : Process of acquisition of second language at different ages This bachelor thesis deals with the development of bilingualism. The objective of this work is to show how we become bilingual at different ages and prove that the process of learning a second language is not the same at every age of life. The work builds the solution on the theories of linguists and on the practical research which is presented in the form of the case studies and analysis of language speech. The first chapter of the work is focused on the definition of bilingualism and the second one is about the types of this phenomenon. The third chapter presents the process of language acquisition. Individual parts of this chapter deal with the process of language acquisition of the mother tongue by monolingual children, further the simultaneous acquisition of two languages from birth, the process of acquisition by the children who integrate a second language between 3 - 6 years and finally the acquisition of a second language by the persons after 6 years. The fourth chapter is dedicated to the phenomena which are associated with the bilingualism. The last one presents the case studies of three types of bilingualism which are defined by age in the theoretical part. The studies are compared...
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