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Remodeling of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery and left ventricle myocardium in patients with primary and secondary hypertension
Majtan, Bohumil ; Holaj, Robert (advisor) ; Piťha, Jan (referee) ; Danzig, Vilém (referee)
Arterial hypertension ranks among the most prevalent cardiovascular disorders and represents one of the most significant risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Beyond hypertension itself, additional hemodynamic and neuroendocrine influences contribute to the pathological mechanisms that induce structural alterations in the cardiovascular system. Of notable importance in this process is the excessive production of aldosterone and catecholamines. The objective of the research has been to study the impact of aldosterone and catechola- mine excess on intima-media complex remodeling in the common carotid artery and left ventricular wall in primary aldosteronism (PA) and pheochromocytoma (PHEO) patients. Texture analysis of the intima-media complex of the common carotid artery was conducted in 33 PA patients, 52 EH patients, and 33 normotensive individuals. 140 Haralick features and 10 wavelets were analyzed and utilized to train an XGBoost classifier. Additionally, the intima-media thickness (IMT) of the common carotid artery and left ventricular mass index (LVMi) were examined in 50 PHEO patients before and 5 years post- adrenalectomy and compared to 50 EH patients. In differentiating between PA and EH, we achieved a classification accuracy of 73 %, compared to the clinical gold...
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Major dietary mistakes in patients with primary aldosteronism and essential hypertension
Hampl, Petr ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Krátká, Zuzana (referee)
Abstact Arterial hypertension is one of the most serious risk factors for cardiovascular complications in the form of stroke, heart failure, ischemic heart disease, and other manifestations of atherosclerosis. Damage caused by the disease increases over time due to asymptomatic course and interaction with other risk factors, especially dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, smoking habits, or obesity. These combinations of risk factors, together with hypertension, further multiply the overall cardiovascular risk of sufferers. Although arterial hypertension is influenced by pharmacological treatment and lifestyle modification, its high prevalence represents a serious health problem in both the Czech Republic and in other developed countries. This bachelor thesis aims to evaluate the eating habits of patients with essential hypertension, a multifactorial form of the disease without a specific causing cause, and of hypertonics with primary aldosteronism, which arises on the basis of autonomous overproduction of aldosterone. Although this form of disease has a specifically treatable cause, its course and organ complications are often more serious than those of essential hypertension. Dietary habits, together with adherence to other nonpharmacological measures, can largely moderate the manifestations of the disease...
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Therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and at urgent admission
SYNKOVÁ, Kateřina
The bachelor thesis on the topic of Therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and in the emergency room is focused on dealing with states in cases of sudden escalation of patient's blood pressure. The thesis is divided into a theoretical part and a practical part. In the theoretical part, blood pressure is characterized, including the methods of its measurement, arterial hypertension and hypertensive crisis. Furthermore, there are descriptions of the basic classes of anti-hypertensives and their use in specific groups with arterial hypertension. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis, three goals were set. The first goal was to map out how arterial hypertension is treated in prehospital emergency care within the competences of paramedics and guidelines of given workplace of the emergency medical service. Second goal was to map out the way in which arterial hypertension is treated in emergency rooms of given workplaces, and the third goal was to find out what are the differences between therapy of arterial hypertension in prehospital emergency care and in the emergency room. The research study was carried out via qualitative method of data collection using semi-structured interviews. The interviews were conducted with paramedics operating within the Emergency medical services of the South Bohemia region in the districts of Písek, Tábor and Český Krumlov. In addition, selected paramedics working in the emergency department of České Budějovice Hospital also took part in the interviews. From the results of the research part of the bachelor thesis can be concluded, that the interviewed paramedics have enough experiences and knowledge in the area of treating a patient with arterial hypertension and know when it is adequate to reach out to a medical professional about possible therapy.
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Cardiorenal syndrome and detection of early changes in kidney and myocardial function including determination of risk factors in asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension
Svěcený, Jakub ; Charvát, Jiří (advisor) ; Teplan, Vladimír (referee) ; Jakabčin, Jozef (referee)
Cardiorenal syndrome and detection of early changes in kidney and myocardial function including determination of risk factors in asymptomatic patients with arterial hypertension The presented thesis aimed at determining the possibility to identify changes related to cardiorenal syndrome development in patients with satisfactorily compensated arterial hypertension. In the group of 96 patients within the period of 2 years we repeatedly examined 24-hour blood pressure monitoring, ultrasound imaging (echocardiography, renal resistive index), a set of laboratory analyses of cardiac and renal functions, and analyzed the relations between the blood pressure values and the monitored cardiac and renal parameters. In the preliminary examination we discovered an association between the 24-hour diastolic pressure and glomerular filtration. The main finding based on the follow-up monitoring was the rise of the renal resistive index and its significant correlation with the ratio of diastolic to systolic pressures without any relation to changes in anti-hypertension medication. By contrast, we did not identify any significant changes when evaluating the cardiac parameters. The results of the research emphasize the importance of monitoring not just systolic, but also diastolic blood pressure, to recognize a...
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The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure.
Martínek, Josef ; Bitnar, Petr (advisor) ; Slabý, Kryštof (referee)
The topic of the thesis is The reflective effect of manipulative therapy on blood pressure. The aim of the thesis is to summarize current knowledge, which talk about the relationship between the ma-nipulative therapy and the changes of blood pressure. One of the purpose of the thesis is to clarify the using of manipulative therapy in the treatment of arterial hypertension. In the thesis another methods of manipulative therapy are discussed to give broad overwiev and to have a posibble to comparison. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy I.
Gregor, Stanislav ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Matoulková, Petra (referee)
Analysis of care in patiens at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy I. Author: Stanislav Gregor1 Tutor: Josef Malý1 Consultant: Stanislav Havlíček2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové 2 Czech Chamber of Pharmacists, Prague Introduction: Arterial hypertension represents a serious health problem. Despite of the fact that great attention is paid to an early diagnosis and therapy of arterial hypertension, it remains compensated insufficiently in a number of patients. Objectives: The aim of the thesis was to analyse the possibilities of pharmaceutical care provided to patients who are at risk of arterial hypertension. Methodology: Blood pressure was measured from the beginning of October till December 2012 in a public pharmacy in Moravská Třebová. The blood pressure was measured by a pharmacist by means of a validated and calibrated tonometer. Other data were collected from a directed interview with the pharmacy client. The data were evaluated in Microsoft Excel 2007 and processed by means of the frequency analysis. A retrospective analysis of drug problems was further performed in patients who have been using pharmacotherapy or food supplements. Results: The data were obtained from 196 pharmacy clients (31 % of men and...
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Hypertension and Nutrition: Fat-soluble Vitamins A, D and E
Weber, Jakub ; Vlček, Jiří (advisor) ; Hronek, Miloslav (referee)
Hypertension and nutrition: Fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E Weber J1 , Vlcek J1 , Suarez-Varella MM2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague, Czech Republic 2 Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, Spain Arterial hypertension (AH) is a disease affecting population globally, and thus considered as a problem of public health and socioeconomic. Studies are trying to identify the connection between diet and the prevalence of arterial hypertension. Objective of the study was to determine possible association between an occurrence of AH and fat-soluble vitamins A, D and E intake. The nested, case-control population study investigation was grounded on database from the Spanish Hortega study, and performed on a random sample of 1,514 people (50.3 % women, 49.7 % men). From this sample we selected those aged ≥ 40 years old and untreated for hypertension and divided them into two groups: non-hypertensive (n = 429; 63.6 %) (controls), and newly diagnosed AH (n = 246; 36.4 %) (cases). Biochemical and anthropometric measurements, data on dietary intakes, education, socioeconomic status, place of residence, health habits, comorbidities, consumption of alcohol and tobacco were used for our...
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NaCl intake in the diet of patients with severe arterial hypertension
Křišťálová, Kateřina ; Petrák, Ondřej (advisor) ; Štrauch, Branislav (referee)
Arterial hypertension is a serious cardiovascular disease which has developed at around 2.5 million people in the Czech Republic. It is a civilization disease with progressive occurrence among the population of the Czech Republic. This bachelor thesis deals with the diet of the patients with the arterial hypertension with focus to the intake of the cooking salt in the food. Excessive amount of the cooking salt in the food is believed to be one of the main risk factors for the development of the arterial hypertension. The aim of this thesis is an evaluation of the particular dietary habits from the point of the nutritional therapy. Theoretical part of the thesis describes arterial hypertension its causes classification epidemiology diagnostics and last but not least its treatment. Practical part of the thesis is based on the anonymous questionnaire. Questionnaire is focused on the questions concerning basic demographic characteristics in the clinical treatment of hypertension and on the questions concerning non-pharmacological treatment i.e. nutrition (with focus on the cooking salt) and physical activity. The aim is to find out the quality of arterial hypertension patients' diet, their awareness of the proper diet, their adherence to the proper diet, whether patients avoid salty and improper food and their...
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Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy II.
Panáčková, Kateřina ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Marešová, Helena (referee)
Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy II. Author: Kateřina Panáčková Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D.1 Consultant: PharmDr. Stanislav Havlíček2 1 Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové 2 Pharmacy Luna, Plzeň Introduction: Arterial hypertension is one of the most common illnesses in the Czech Republic. Not only this should be the reason for proper health education and early detection of clients endangered by this illness. Objectives: The objective of the thesis was to perform and evaluate consultancy activities in a pharmacy focusing on clients with a risk of arterial hypertension or with already diagnosed arterial hypertension. Methodology: Collection of data took place in a public pharmacy in Česká Lípa between 1 May 2013 and 27 June 2014. Measuring of blood pressure was a part of controlled interview with clients of the pharmacy. Following data was recorded into a form: social-demographic characteristics of the respondend, his/her attitude towards measuring blood pressure in the pharmacy, incidence of risk factors of arterial hypertension, respectively atherosclerosis and other illnesses in the anamnesis, medication including nutrition supplements, results of own measurings and proposed...
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Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy III.
Smíšková, Petra ; Malý, Josef (advisor) ; Zimčíková, Eva (referee)
Analysis of care in patients at risk for arterial hypertension in pharmacy III. Author: Petra Smíšková Tutor: PharmDr. Josef Malý, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University in Prague Introduction: Arterial hypertension belongs to the most common diseases of cardiovascular system, not only in the Czech Republic. Therefore it is very important to focus on its prevention and early diagnostics before the stage of health complications shows up. Objectives: The aim of this thesis was to realize and evaluate consulting activities in pharmacy focused on patients who have high risks of arterial hypertension or have been already diagnosed with it. Methodology: Data were collected in a public pharmacy in Prague from the end of April 2013 until the beginning of April 2014. The actual blood pressure measurement was preceded by obtaining of answers to selected questions through controlled interview. Acquired statements were written into the printed forms. It was focused on particicipant's socio-demographic characteristics, his relationship to the blood pressure measurement; occurrence of risk factors of arterial hypertension, it means atherosclerosis; disease in the anamnesis and the usage of drugs including food supplements. The results of blood...
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