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Preparation and characterization of nanofiber wound dressings
Jiroušková, Pavla ; Uhlířová, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the preparation and characterization of nanofiber wound dressings. The materials used for the preparation of nanofibers were poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and gelatin. Active substances, such as ampicillin and ibuprofen, were incorporated into the wound dressings. In the theoretical part of the work skin, wound healing, and nanofibers and their properties were described. This part also deals with the use of nanofibers as wound dressings. Additionally, it depicts materials suitable for the preparation of nanofiber wound dressings. Furthermore, this section contains a review focused on various methods of preparation of nanofibers, drugs that can be incorporated into the fibers and the subsequent determination of the safety of the prepared dressings. In the experimental part, nanofiber wound dressings containing ampicillin and ibuprofen were produced. The maximum possible amount of active substance feasible to be incorporated into the nanofibers has been determined. Subsequently, combined wound dressings were prepared to study the release rate of active substances into the model environments. The release in the time intervals was determined spectrophotometrically. Finally, antimicrobial activity assays were performed to test the effect of dressings containing ampicillin on selected strains of microbiirganism: S. Epidermidis, E. Coli and M. Luteus
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New possibilities in wound healing
Nováková, Laura ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of fibrous wound dressings prepared by electrospinning method from natural biopolymers. Three active ingredients were added to the dressings: ampicillin, ibuprofen and collagenase, which are responsible for relieving pain, reducing the risk of infection and selectively removing necrotic tissue in the wound. The theoretical part describes the therapeutic dressings currently available on the market and the most common methods of nanofiber production. The experimental part evaluates the optimization of the preparation of gelatin, alginate and chitosan fibrous wound dressings, which were subsequently enriched with active substances and their gradual release into the model environment was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial effects against E.coli and S. epidermidis strains andantifungal activity against C. glabrata yeast were monitored. Finally, two cytotoxicity tests on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT confirmed the safety of the prepared products, which can serve as bioactive skin dressings in the future.
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Preparation and characterization of wound dressings
Dzurická, Lucia ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The diploma thesis if focused on the study of bioactive hydrogél and nanofiber wound dressings composed of natural biopolymers, which were functionalized by active compounds in the form of analgesic, antibiotics and enzymes. Hydrogél wound dressings were constituted from alginate and chitosan and nanofibers were created from polyhydroxybutyrate. The following 7 active compounds were selected to be added to the wound dressings: ampicillin, streptomycin, ibuprofen, papain, bromelain, collagenase and trypsin. In the theoretical part the structure of the skin and types of wound injuries were described. This part also talks about types of wound dressing and their applications, as well as treatment of skin wounds using enzymes and compounds with analgesic and antimicrobial properties. In addition, this section describes safety assays, in particular cytotoxicity assays on human cells. At the beginning of the experimental part, the process of preparation of hydrogél wound dressing was optimised. Subsequently, the dressings were enriched with active compounds and the rate of gradual releasing of the substances into model environment was monitored. In the case of enzymes, their proteolytic activity was also tested after their incorporation to the wound dressings. Furthermore, the prepared bioactive wound dressings were analyzed for possible cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes. Finally, the wound dressing with combined content of active substances was created and also characterized for the rate of substance release, proteolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Antimicrobial activity of this wound dressings, against two selected strains of microorganisms: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, was also evaluated.
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Výskyt antimikrobiální rezistence u streptokoků (převážně beta-hemolytických) z ran pacientů
Kuropata, Daniel
Recently, a frequent occurrence of antibiotic resistance has been observed, and is still increasing. Therefore, it is important to constantly monitor this resistance, which was the aim of this work for Streptococcus genera. The literature review is focused on the selected species of streptococci (S. agalactiae, S. dysga-lactiae subsp. equisimilis, S. pyogenes, S. mitis and S. oralis), antibiotics, including their mechanism of action, and antibiotic resistance with an emphasis on its emergence, spread, mechanisms, determining genes and the risks it presents. In the experimental part, the occurrence of resistance in streptococci (especially beta-haemolytic) isolated from patients’ wounds at the Trauma Hospital in Brno was monitored. For this purpose, determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), analysis of the resistance phenotype to macrolides, lincosamides and streptogramin B (MLS) using the D-test and resistance gene screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used. Among the 31 clinical isolates the prevalence of resistance to cotrimoxazole (96.8%), ciprofloxacin (71%), tetracycline (29%), erythromycin (25.5%), clidamycin (16 .1%), ampicillin (3.2%) and oxacillin (3.2%) was found by using MIC. Resistance to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, linezolid, tigecycline and nitrofurantoin has not been detected. The D-test was performed with erythromycin-resistant isolates. The constitutive (cMLS) phenotype was detected in 62.5% of erythromycin-resistant isolates, inducible (iMLS) in 25% and M phenotype in 12.5%. The PCR method confirmed the presence of selected resistance genes, namely ermA (16.1%), ermB (6.5%), mefA (3.2%), tetO (3.2%), tetM (25.8%) and intTn (32.3%). This study demonstrated that all streptococcal isolates from patients’ wounds are resistant to some of the tested antibiotics. Moreover, multiresistance was detected in some isolates.
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Evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of mastitis using on-farm cultivation
KRATOCHVÍL, Martin
Mastitis is one of the most expensive diseases of dairy cattle and their treatment is also the most common cause of antibiotic use on a farm. Farm cultivation is currently one of the ways to improve the decision-making process in the treatment of mastitis. The aim of the diploma thesis was to evaluate the treatment procedures using farm cultivation and to make an economic evaluation of mastitis on a selected farm of dairy cattle.The experimental observation of a herd of dairy black-spotted Holstein cattle to assess the treatment of mastitis took place in two monitoring periods: without farm cultivation (BFK); with farm cultivation (SFK). A significant difference in the number of cured cases and cases of reinfections was found between the observed periods. While 60.6% of mastitis cases were cured during the BFK period and 30.4% of cases were reinfected, in the SFK period 87.1% of dairy cows were healed and only 12.9% of them were reinfected. The total financial costs associated with mastitis were almost the same in both periods. The highest item was milk losses. It can be positively assessed that the involvement of farm cultivation did not significantly increase the costs associated with the treatment of mastitis. The introduction of a farm cultivation system into an antimastitis program had a very positive effect on the effectiveness of the treatment performed on the monitored farm. The main benefit was a significant reduction in the number of reinfections and an increase in the number of successfully cured dairy cows, while maintaining almost the same treatment costs.
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Preparation and characterization of nanofiber wound dressings
Jiroušková, Pavla ; Uhlířová, Renata (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The presented bachelor thesis deals with the preparation and characterization of nanofiber wound dressings. The materials used for the preparation of nanofibers were poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) and gelatin. Active substances, such as ampicillin and ibuprofen, were incorporated into the wound dressings. In the theoretical part of the work skin, wound healing, and nanofibers and their properties were described. This part also deals with the use of nanofibers as wound dressings. Additionally, it depicts materials suitable for the preparation of nanofiber wound dressings. Furthermore, this section contains a review focused on various methods of preparation of nanofibers, drugs that can be incorporated into the fibers and the subsequent determination of the safety of the prepared dressings. In the experimental part, nanofiber wound dressings containing ampicillin and ibuprofen were produced. The maximum possible amount of active substance feasible to be incorporated into the nanofibers has been determined. Subsequently, combined wound dressings were prepared to study the release rate of active substances into the model environments. The release in the time intervals was determined spectrophotometrically. Finally, antimicrobial activity assays were performed to test the effect of dressings containing ampicillin on selected strains of microbiirganism: S. Epidermidis, E. Coli and M. Luteus
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New possibilities in wound healing
Nováková, Laura ; Szotkowski, Martin (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The diploma thesis is focused on the study of fibrous wound dressings prepared by electrospinning method from natural biopolymers. Three active ingredients were added to the dressings: ampicillin, ibuprofen and collagenase, which are responsible for relieving pain, reducing the risk of infection and selectively removing necrotic tissue in the wound. The theoretical part describes the therapeutic dressings currently available on the market and the most common methods of nanofiber production. The experimental part evaluates the optimization of the preparation of gelatin, alginate and chitosan fibrous wound dressings, which were subsequently enriched with active substances and their gradual release into the model environment was determined spectrophotometrically. Antimicrobial effects against E.coli and S. epidermidis strains andantifungal activity against C. glabrata yeast were monitored. Finally, two cytotoxicity tests on the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT confirmed the safety of the prepared products, which can serve as bioactive skin dressings in the future.
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Microbiological Aspects of Infectious Diseases Therapy
Paterová, Pavla ; Buchta, Vladimír (advisor) ; Kolář, Milan (referee) ; Jílek, Petr (referee)
Background: The method of serum bactericidal assay represents an alternative possibility of optimization of anti-infectious therapy and administration of antibiotics. It mirrors the real activity of one or more administered antibiotics in the complex system of the antibacterial effect of patient's serum. The paper aimed to confirm non-inferiority of bactericidal testing using the broth dilution method according to CLSI M21-A Guidelines (time to results 48, 72 hours) in comparison with modified methods of testing on the basis of turbidimetry (time to result 6, 8, 24 hours) and resazurin color (time to results 8, 24 hours). Methods: Four antibiotics were tested: gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin/tazobactam and meropenem with 30 Escherichia coli strains isolated from blood cultures of 29 pacients hospitalised in different wards, University Hospital in Hradec Kralove. Human blood sera (n = 76) from ten hematological patients (4th Department of Clinical Medicine, University Hospital, Hradec Kralove) were tested to establish bactericidal titer. Patients' blood was withdrawn prior to and in the course of the first and third day of antibiotic therapy of febrile neutropenia. Testing employed the reference strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. Results: A comparison with the standard CSLI showed that the...
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Preparation and characterization of wound dressings
Dzurická, Lucia ; Márová, Ivana (referee) ; Skoumalová, Petra (advisor)
The diploma thesis if focused on the study of bioactive hydrogél and nanofiber wound dressings composed of natural biopolymers, which were functionalized by active compounds in the form of analgesic, antibiotics and enzymes. Hydrogél wound dressings were constituted from alginate and chitosan and nanofibers were created from polyhydroxybutyrate. The following 7 active compounds were selected to be added to the wound dressings: ampicillin, streptomycin, ibuprofen, papain, bromelain, collagenase and trypsin. In the theoretical part the structure of the skin and types of wound injuries were described. This part also talks about types of wound dressing and their applications, as well as treatment of skin wounds using enzymes and compounds with analgesic and antimicrobial properties. In addition, this section describes safety assays, in particular cytotoxicity assays on human cells. At the beginning of the experimental part, the process of preparation of hydrogél wound dressing was optimised. Subsequently, the dressings were enriched with active compounds and the rate of gradual releasing of the substances into model environment was monitored. In the case of enzymes, their proteolytic activity was also tested after their incorporation to the wound dressings. Furthermore, the prepared bioactive wound dressings were analyzed for possible cytotoxic effect on human keratinocytes. Finally, the wound dressing with combined content of active substances was created and also characterized for the rate of substance release, proteolytic activity and cytotoxicity. Antimicrobial activity of this wound dressings, against two selected strains of microorganisms: Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus epidermidis, was also evaluated.
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Urinary tract infections by community and nosocomial strains
RAFAJOVÁ, Michaela
This thesis deals with Urinary tract infections. It includes information about pathogenes, methods of their identification and treatment. The goal of this thesis is observing of pathogen species representation that cause infecion in community and in hospital (includes hospital infections) and observing resistence to five most common antibiotics for Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Proteus mirabilis.
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