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Interplay Between Nomination Tendencies in the Language of Mass Media. The Case of the Analytical Adjectives
Vačkov, Veselin ; Gladkova, Hana (advisor) ; Rangelová, Albena (referee) ; Uhlířová, Ludmila (referee)
The thesis aims to describe and theoretically explain the range of complex nominal word structures and phrases that evolved in all Slavic languages with staggering productivity during the last decades. In particular, it focuses on the so called analytical adjectives, i.e. formally invariant lexical units mostly of foreign origin that manifest their attributive syntactic role (and the word class they belong to) not through a morpheme but through fixed word order position. The thesis rejects the view that analytical adjectives are first parts of compound words and explores several transitional cases. In more general terms, the thesis explores phenomena that test the boundary between words and phrases, morphology and syntax. It concludes that in Bulgarian there already exists a well established word subclass of analytical adjectives. They have resulted from an originally lexical innovation that has been grammatcalized due to intensive borrowings of words and phrase models mainly from English and their replication. The comparative study of present-day Bulgarian and Czech provides evidence of the strategies that the two genetically related languages use to achieve their nomination goals. The search for an explanation of the similarities and differences between both languages offers insights into their...
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True and false friends between English and French and their lexicological and morphological aspects
Pípalová, Mariana ; Jančík, Jiří (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
The aim of this final project is to discuss the selected lexicological and morphological aspects of the true and false cognates between English and French. For the purposes of this work a representative sample of lexical items was assembled, and consequently subjected to the lexicological and morphological analysis. It should be stressed that this project is conceived from the viewpoint of English. The results of this thesis have revealed various tendencies concerning the proportion and distribution of word classes, the number of syllables, the frequency of use and the origin of the items in question within each of the following categories: the true cognates, the false cognates and the partially false cognates. The tendencies discovered might throw more light on the similarities and differences between the two languages, and, in addition to that, for the speakers of one of the languages facilitate the learning of the other one.
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English translation counterparts of Czech pronominal dative objects
Fišerová, Helena ; Šaldová, Pavlína (advisor) ; Popelíková, Jiřina (referee)
The objective of the present thesis is to analyse Czech pronominal dative objects and their English translation counterparts. The Czech dative case occurs both in an attached and in a non-attached syntactic variant and has several different semantic functions, which results in a variety of possible counterparts. This thesis focuses only on divergent counterparts, i.e. it excludes translations by means of a corresponding pronominal object or a to-phrase. The possible translation counterparts include the shift of the participant into subject, possessive pronouns, prepositional phrases introduced by for, on and other prepositions, omission, and other means of translation. The analysis was performed on one hundred examples, which were obtained from the Czech-English parallel corpus InterCorp. The examples are divided into categories according to the type of counterpart used, and analysed especially with regard to semantics.
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Language of SMS and French as a foreign language
Vaňátko, Jiří ; Klinka, Tomáš (advisor) ; Listíková, Renáta (referee)
in English with English title of the thesis: Language of SMS and French as a foreign language The central topic of the thesis is the language of short text messages (SMS) and/or the one of chat and their application in teaching of French as a foreign language (fr. abbreviation F.L.E., français langue étrangère). The aim is to answer the question so as to how to grasp linguo- didactically this modern sociolect of young users (not only) of French, typical of written communication via digital technologies, with the purpose of the purely practical use in the classes of French. Firstly, a linguistic description will be given in order to understand the mechanisms of the explored language code not only in French, but also partly in Czech and English, as well as the determination of the position of the SMS language as a socio-cultural phenomenon in the present-day French. The following research will be dealing with the identification and the analysis of the teaching activities using the SMS language found in approximately fifty text books of French intended for the learners of levels A1, A2, B1, B2. The next section offers the theoretical evaluation of the exploitability of the SMS language in the classes of French, having as a point of reference specialised works of didactics of foreign languages. The...
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Czech "copak" and its English translation equivalents in parallel texts
Petrová, Zuzana ; Dušková, Libuše (advisor) ; Šaldová, Pavlína (referee)
This diploma thesis examines the Czech expression copak and its translation counterparts. It focuses on the individual functions and meanings of copak and the ways these are expressed in the English translation. The aim of the present paper is to determine to what extent the discourse meanings of copak as a particle are maintained in the translations and what means English uses to do so. Regarding the pronominal function of copak, the main issue is to examine whether the postfix -pak is reflected in the English translations or not and what equivalents are used in comparison to the forms without the postfix. Another objective is to analyse the English counterparts according to their formal representation and define their discourse functions in respect to the discourse meanings of the Czech originals containing copak. The research carried out in the present thesis was based on material drawn from the parallel corpus InterCorp. A total of 240 examples with the expression copak was excerpted with the English translations aligned to them. The analysis was divided into five parts, according to the particular word class of copak. Particles proved to be the most productive word class, as they provided 187 examples and 25 different translation counterparts, negative question being the most frequent one. The...
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Cajun French: mirror of the past, of the present and of the future
Bednárová, Jana ; Vacula, Richard (advisor) ; Štichauer, Jaroslav (referee)
The thesis seeks to give an overall image concerning the linguistic situation of Cajun French of Louisiana. This regional variant of French is spoken by a minority group of speakers in this state. Given that the paper was created in the Czech academic community where Cajun French is virtually unknown, it tries to spark more interest in this topic. The first chapter presents the theoretical input to the outlined problem and Czech works dealing with Cajun French. The second chapter shows the basic facts about Louisiana, as well as the key events in its history. It examines the creation of Cajun French and characterizes its specific features. It also includes a mention of Cajun French reference books. The third chapter examines the legal status of the French language in Louisiana. Furthermore, the work sheds light on its French language policy, carried out mainly by a state agency called CODOFIL (the abbreviation comes from Council for the Development of French in Louisiana).The thesis later explains what the adherence to Francophonie would mean for this state. This is followed by an account of the relations entertained with Francophonie. The thesis later outlines the current linguistic situation and describes the possibilities of studying French in Louisiana.The presence of French on signage and in...
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Commented Translation: Measurements in Electrotechnics and Audiotechnics
Šustrová, Pavlína ; Krhutová, Milena (referee) ; Kotásek, Miroslav (advisor)
Předmětem této práce je komentovaný překlad instruktá- žního textu používaného v univerzitních kurzech Měření v elektrotechnice a Měření v audiotechnice. Překlad byl vytvořen pro potřeby budoucích zahraničních studentů navštěvujících uvedené kurzy. Komentář uvádí důvody motivace k provedení překladu, překladatelské teorie a pohledy aplikované během překladu, potíže ke kterým v průběhu došlo a jejich individuální řešení, včetně konkrétních příkladů, a stručnou lingvistickou analýzu textu. Kromě samotného překladu tato práce představuje koncept slovníčků které by doprovázely každý laboratorní návod v textu. Finální verze překladu je připravena k posouzení, zda může být použita jako oficiální studijní materiál.
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English optative sentences as translation counterparts of Czech sentences introduced by kéž
Tesař, Jan ; Malá, Markéta (advisor) ; Jančovičová, Ivana (referee)
The thesis explores the syntactic means used in English to express a wish. While in Czech the optative sentences constitute a special sentence type, in English various constructions can be used to perform the same function. A contrastive approach is therefore used to identify the types of English optative sentences. The particle kéž introducing Czech optative sentences is used as a marker of the optative function. English optative sentences are identified in English original texts as counterparts of Czech translations comprising the particle kéž. The material is drawn from the English-Czech fiction sub-corpus of the parallel translation corpus InterCorp. One hundred English optative sentences are analysed with respect to the syntactic structure of the sentence (simple vs. complex) and the form of the verb (mood). The formal features are correlated with the choice of the addressee, time reference and realizability of the wish. The English optative sentences comprise, apart from the most frequent type introduced by I wish, a range of constructions, including 'minor' irregular sentences, which are described in more detail in the analytical part of the thesis. KEYWORDS optative sentences, particle kéž, translation counterparts, parallel corpus, English, Czech
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Lexical stress variability in English/Variabilita anglického slovního přízvuku
ŽIŽKA, Vít
The goal of the bachelor thesis: "Lexical stress variability in English" is to describe basic principles of stress assignment in English with a focus on lexical units that have more realisations of stress placement without changing the meaning of the word. The practical part concentrates on collecting lexical items with variable stress. There is going to be an alphabetical list of stress-divergent words along with phonetic transcription of stress variations at the end of the work.
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