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Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
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Washington Consensus in Latin America
Volfová, Kateřina ; Kučerová, Irah (advisor) ; Parízek, Michal (referee)
In order to restart economic growth in Latin America after the so-called "lost decade," most countries in the late 1980s began implementing neoliberal reforms aimed at economic transformation. The most important economic rules, which were summarized by John Williamson and named Washington consensus, aimed at providing macroeconomic stability and much needed economic growth. At first, the transition to market economy seemed successful. After years of economic stagnation, the economy began to grow again, inflation was reduced, privatization provided much needed funds to the state treasuries and the attention of foreign investors turned towards the region. However, the initial success did not last long. Economic growth was far smaller, than what was originally expected, and many countries were failing in dealing with unemployment, poverty, and growing income inequality. Growing scepticism was then fuelled by a series of economic crises in the second half of the 1990s. Comparing the impact of neoliberal reforms on the economies of individual countries is problematic because the way in which they were carried out has differed in many countries. Countries have undergone reforms at different time, different speed and with different intensity. The scope of the implemented reforms also differed. In the...
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Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus
Šrámek, Petr ; Sehnálková, Jana (advisor) ; Bečka, Jan (referee)
The objective of my master's thesis, "Sino-American Ideological Clash: Washington Consensus and Beijing Consensus" is to consider two models of economic development, the Washington Consensus and the Beijing consensus. In the first part, I analyze the discourse that evolves around these two concepts, and I also consolidate the definitions of these terms. Washington Consensus was a set of specific rules for macroeconomic policy of the state. As a result of the ending Cold War, the discrediting of alternative models of economic development and direct link of this model to the financial support from international financial institutions, the popularity of the Washington consensus in the 1990s soared. The democratization of the country was perceived as another unwritten rule. In the wake of the Asian financial crisis of 1997, as well as other crises in developing countries which actively engaged the World Bank and IMF, the term has been largely discredited. It was associated with concepts like 'shock therapy', 'neoliberalism' or 'market fundamentalism'. Meanwhile, the long-term economic growth of China drew the attention of developing countries. In connection with the declining popularity of the Washington Consensus and the global economic crisis, the demand for alternative development policies increased. The...
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Economic Transition in Czechoslovakia and Poland
Burián, Jan ; Chalupecký, Petr (advisor) ; Čermáková, Klára (referee)
Work describes economic transition of two countries in Central Europe, Czechoslovakia (Czech Republic) and Poland after their communist governments were deposed in 1989 and states left centrally planned economy. Work analyses initial transition plans and execution of privatisations. Further it analyses and compares development of monetary policies, gross domestic product and unemployment in both countries. Based on information contained in this work it concludes that it is not possible to state that Poland have undertaken transition more succesfully than Czech Republic. Last part of work is dedicated to the processes of application to the European Union, that both countries have gone through between 1991 and 2004.
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Confessional political system and informal networks as the reasons of economic decline in Lebanon
Němeček, Stanislav ; Chalupníček, Pavel (advisor) ; Šmíd, Jan (referee)
This thesis attends the problem of institutional and political structure in a post-war economy of Lebanon. Lebanon was one of the countries in the Near east, which tried to apply principles known as Washington consensus. On this case we try to demonstrate the problem which appeared also in other countries of the world, where the same set of principles was applied and it was the insufficient attention dedicated to the issue of informal networks. We pay special attention to a confessional system in Lebanon which is based on division of powers on the basis of religion. This type of political structure produces creation of informal networks which substitute state apparatus and instigate corruption. The thesis proposes a modification of Lebanese system which will treat the institutional background with greater attention.
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