|
|
Fermentation remainder treatment in a biogas plant
Budín, Oto ; Touš, Michal (referee) ; Vondra, Marek (advisor)
This diploma thesis deals with dewatering technologies of fermentation residues from biogas plants and aims to design an integration of selected technology into the biogas plant. Fermentation residues (or digestate), which are a by-product of anaerobic biomass fermentation in biogas plants, contain a certain amount of nutrients and are usually used as agricultural fertilizers. However, the high-water content in digestate and the associated low nutrient concentration increase the cost of its storage and transport. Dewatering of fermented material could help reduce these costs. The main part of this work included the design of an integration of the selected dewatering technology into the biogas plant – its placement in a process, an addition of necessary appliances, the influence on material and energy flows. In this case, the fermentation residues are processed in two phases. First, a separation of the solid and the liquid fraction by a screw press. The second step is to thicken the liquid digestate by evaporation in a multistage evaporator. Evaluation of the design of a dewatering technology, including its impact on the economy of the biogas plant, is also part of the diploma thesis.
|
|
| |
|
|
Efficiency of selected chemical reactions on the membrane reactor
Liman, Martin ; Mirko,, Dohnal (referee) ; Svěrák, Tomáš (advisor)
This bachelor’s thesis focuses on the efficiency of reactions happening on the membrane reactor or also known as a contactor. The theoretical part contains basic insight into the theories needed to understand chemically physical phenomena on membrane contactors. Furthermore, the theoretical part serves as a recherche for modern membrane contactor technologies, including the examples of their usage. The practical part consists of a description of the membrane contactor that is used, the methodology of the measuring and the measured data output. Afterwards, the results are being talked over and developed further to the possible use in the current technologies.
|
|
|
Preliminary aerodynamic analysis of remotely controlled model with jet propulsion
Novák, Ondřej ; Zikmund, Pavel (referee) ; Popela, Robert (advisor)
This bachelor´s thesis deals with aerodynamic analysis of unmanned aircraft and subsequent changes to design of wing, its position and wing-fuselage junction. In this work emphasis is laid on flow separation, its interaction with other flow structures and its influence on aerodynamic properties. The goal of these changes to the aircraft is ensuring sufficient stability and controllability in low as well as high angle of attack flight. AVL, XFLR5 and CFD methods were used in the thesis. In case of inaccuracy of CFD calculation, two backup wing related modifications were prepared.
|
|
|
Musk compounds in water biota
Zouhar, Libor ; Stoupalová, Michaela (referee) ; Vávrová, Milada (advisor)
Synthetic musk compounds (MUSK) or synthetic fragrances are organic substances commonly used as fragrant constituents of perfumes, detergents, cosmetics and personal care products. These compounds are discharged after use via domestic wastewater and sewage treatment plants to the aquatic environment. The result is accumulation in the environment and occurrence in a food chain especially of aquatic and marine ecosystems. Synthetic musk compounds are also found in surface water, fish tissues and also in body fluid (blood, urine, milk) and tissues of human body. Quantitative detection and studying properties of these compounds is an important activity because we have low knowledge about their fate in the environment (persistence, bioaccumulation) and toxicity. This diploma thesis is focused on three commonly used synthetic fragrances – tonalide, musk ketone and musk xylene. The base of this study was to perform a method optimisation for the determination of selected compounds in water and water biota (fish). The aim was determination of selected musk compounds in real samples (water, fish) and evaluation of the results. Pressurized solvent extraction (PSE) for fish samples and solid phase microextraction (SPME) for water samples were used for isolation of analytes from samples. The identification and quantification of analytes was carried out by high resolution gas chromatography – mass spectrometry.
|
|
|
Suspension flow modeling
Hideghéty, Attila ; Koutný, Luděk (referee) ; Rudolf, Pavel (advisor)
Diplomová práce se zabývá prouděním v hydrocyklónu. Hydrocyklón je separační stroj, kterým slouží k oddělování pevných částice z kapaliny (nejčastěji z vody). Díky tangenciálnímu vstupu do zařízení nastává silné vířivé proudění, které způsobuje přisávání vzduchu přes horní a dolní výtok. Toto vzduchové jádro hraje důležitou roli v separaci částic. Výpočty jsou provedeny pomoci CFD.
|
|
|
Portable and Miniaturized Separation Techniques Applicable for Food and Biotechnology Analysis
Dvořák, Miloš ; Pospíchal, Jan (referee) ; Bednář,, Petr (referee) ; Rittich, Bohuslav (advisor)
Capillary electrophoresis was used for determination of 6 fractions of caseins. Those fractions were measured in 144 samples of cow’s milk originated from the feeding experiment focused on explanation the influence of the feeding onto casein productions. In this work were separated 6 fraction of caseins first time with total resolution of the peaks. Capillary electrophoresis was applied for determination of short-chain organic acids during fermentation of wine must. It was compared the fermentation of must fermented by different yeast. The difference of profile short-chain organic acids during fermentation were not statistically significant. The once difference was in the utilisation of the malic acid and production of the lactic acid. A portable miniaturized system for medium pressure liquid chromatography was developed. The components were tested and system was used for the isocratic and gradient elution of various analytes (food dyes, parabens). New line of electroluminescent diodes (LEDs) for deep-UV areas of wavelength based on a different materials substrate was characterised. The new line was compared with old line LEDs. The new line LEDs was incorporated in deep-UV absorbance detectors. Detectors were characterised and tested for a detection various analytes in modes flow injection analysis and chromatography separation. First time was characterised this new line of the LEDs and the origin of the parasitic emission band produced by deep-UV LEDs light sources was explained. This origin is given by disturbances of a materials substrates. This work is a contribution for an advance of low-cost and portable systems and detection devices in the field of analytical chemistry.
|
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
Separation of rigid particles from heterogeneous suspension
Prax, Ondřej ; Debreczeni, Ondřej (referee) ; Pochylý, František (advisor)
The bachelor thesis contains a literature search dealing with the separation of solid particles from a heterogenic suspension. The first part is aimed at separation methods. Then, a chapter follows dealing with separation devices, which are used in waste water treatment plants. A more detailed description of the separator used for the separation of sand from waste waters is part of this paper. The described device serving to separate solid particles from a suspension uses the combination of sedimentation and separation methods. To visualize the separator a 3D model in Autodesk Inventor Professional 9 device was used in the presented paper.
|
guest ::
