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Leaf physiological and optical properties in relation to the Phytophtora × alni infection of black alder (Alnus glutinosa)
Oramová, Viktorie ; Lhotáková, Zuzana (advisor) ; Tomášková, Ivana (referee)
A current problem is the infestation of the black alder (Alnus glutinosa) by the pathogen P. × alni, which causes the loss of alder stands and disrupts riparian ecosystems. The spread of the 'phytophthora disease' occurs through water, the host is infected through the root system and the pathogen attacks the conductive tissues. As a result of the disease, the tree gradually loses its root system, lesions appear on the trunk, defoliation occurs and the individual inevitably dies. The only solution to the situation is preventive measures to prevent further spread by careful removal of infected alder trees. The aim of this paper is to discuss the relationship between black alder and P. × alni in the context of the physiological changes that occur in the foliage of the infested individual. Leaf functional traits, chlorophyll fluorescence and optical properties of black alder exposed to P. × alni (inoculation into soil or confirmed occurrence of the pathogen in natural conditions) were measured using non-invasive methods. The results of the chamber experiments suggest that the mean values of the measured parameters do not change significantly in the initial stages of infection, but there is a widening of the variance of the values in infected individuals. We tested whether the genetic origin of the...
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Advanced remote sensing methods for monitoring of peat bog vegetation in the Krkonoše Mountains
Kulich, Adam ; Kupková, Lucie (advisor) ; Potůčková, Markéta (referee)
Advanced remote sensing methods for monitoring of peat bog vegetation in the Krkonoše Mountains Abstract The goal of the thesis was to create maps of vegetation cover for three peat bogs in Krkonoše National Park (KRNAP, Krkonoše NP) and to propose a method for further efficient mapping of peat bogs in the Krkonoše Mountains in collaboration with Krkonoše NP. The research utilized UAV image data and field botanical data measured by GPS. UAV images were preprocessed using Pix4D Mapper software and features such as canopy height and textures derived from GLCM were added to the resulting orthomosaics. Testing confirmed their usefulness in increasing classification accuracy. A separability analysis was performed, and an algorithm was designed to detect errors in the field data. During the analysis, two classification methods, Random Forest and Support Vector Machine (SVM), were compared. The SVM method achieved the most precise results at Kyselé kouty, where average F-1 score reached 0.957, while the F-1 scores for Hraniční louka and Pančavská louka reached only 0.899 and 0.832 respectively. The overlay analysis demonstrated that the results of the individual methods are consistent, and for Pančavská louka, combining classifiers yielded better accuracy than the individual models. The methods which led to the...
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Evaluation of the functionality of ecoducts using GIS
Benešová, Eliška ; Matějíček, Luboš (advisor) ; Brůna, Josef (referee)
This thesis deals with the evaluation of ecoducts using GIS, represented by the ArcGIS Pro software tool. We present a new, systematic view on the evaluation of ecoducts, which is directly applicable also in the process of planning their construction. We conclude that the majority of ecoducts in the Czech Republic is not built in an unquestionably correct way in terms of their primary purpose. At the same time, however, most of these ecoducts meet at least some of the assessed criteria; we can therefore reasonably assume that they will be used, albeit with a lower preference. The thesis provides a basis for this view and can be expanded by adding additional evaluated criteria. The validity of the methods and results of this work should be verifiable by field research. Key words: ecoduct, GIS, remote sensing, fragmentation, architecture, linear infrastructure
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Laser Line Profilometry
Kugler, Jan ; Goldmann, Tomáš (referee) ; Malaník, Petr (advisor)
Profilometr je zařízení sloužící k měření geometrie povrchu. Liší se ve velikosti, přesnosti a rychlosti měření, a ceně. Účelem této práce je vytvořit software knihovnu a uživatelskou aplikaci pro jednoduchý systém složený z kamery a laseru, jehož úkolem bude měřit opotřebení vnitřního povrchu tankových hlavní. Je vypracován matematický popis tohoto systému který knihovna využívá pro určení polohy měřeného povrchu v prostoru. Výsledná knihovna obsahuje nástroje pro identifikaci rysů povrchu. Demonstrační aplikace umožňuje zároveň sledovat snímaný povrch, zpracovaný obraz, i výsledný profil povrchu.
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Exploring correlation between vegetation indices and plant nitrogen uptake
Pavlačková, Alena ; Doležalová Weissmannová, Helena (referee) ; Kučerík, Jiří (advisor)
Nadměrné hnojení může způsobit znečištění životního prostředí, jako je kontaminace vody a emise skleníkových plynů, a také ekonomické ztráty. Ke zmírnění těchto problémů je důležité přizpůsobit míru hnojení specifickým potřebám plodin. Ve své práci se zabývám možností využití dálkově snímaných vegetačních indexů pro monitorování příjmu dusíku rostlinami a řízení aplikace hnojiv. Měření byla provedena v Oensingenu, Švýcarsku, během stáže na ETH Zürich. Hlavním cílem bylo vyvinout predikční model založený na vegetačních indexech k odhadu příjmu dusíku travní směsi a ozimé pšenice. Dále byla analyzována korelace mezi různými vegetačními indexy a charakteristikami plodin, především příjmu dusíku. Vegetační indexy (NDVI, NDRE, GNDVI, MCARI, EVI) byly získány ze snímků družice Sentinel-2 pomocí Google Earth Engine. Byly změřeny různé charakteristiky plodin, včetně indexu listové plochy (LAI) a výšky plodin, a vzorky ozimé pšenice byly analyzovány na příjem dusíku pomocí elementárního analyzátoru. Do analýzy byla také zahrnuta další data týkající se příjmu dusíku travin z předchozích let. Celkem byla v analýze použita data z let 2021–2023, která zahrnovala hodnoty pro travní směs i ozimou pšenici. Byly provedeny korelační a regresní analýzy k určení vztahů mezi vegetačními indexy a měřenými charakteristikami plodin. Index, který vykazoval nejsilnější vztah s příjmem dusíku plodin, byl poté využit k vytvoření predikčního modelu. Analýza ukázala, že Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) byl nejúčinnějším prediktorem příjmu dusíku. Vytvořený predikční model založený na hodnotách EVI dosáhl vysokého koeficientu determinace (R$^2$) 0,89, nízké směrodatné odchylky chyb (RMSE) 1,05 a průměrné absolutní odchylky (MAE) 0,89. Výsledky naznačují, že EVI je spolehlivým indexem pro predikci příjmu dusíku plodinami. Vyvinutý model založený na EVI by mohl být potenciálně použit k optimalizaci aplikace dusíkatých hnojiv na plodiny, což by pomohlo snížit negativní environmentální a ekonomické dopady nadměrného hnojení.
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REMOTE SENSING-BASED ANALYSIS OF MULTISPECTRAL INDICES
Janoušek, Jiří ; Kačmařík,, Michal (referee) ; Nedělník,, Jan (referee) ; Marcoň, Petr (advisor)
The thesis discusses various perspectives on the analysis of multispectral images, emphasizing in particular the technique’s potential in remote sensing of the Earth. Within multispectral imaging, the author has explored diverse methods for scanning plants to examine the impact exerted by the invididual electromagnetic spectrum components on the reflectivity of the investigated vegetation. Regarding the relevant vegetation indices, one of the main activities lay in comparing the approaches employed to compute the indices from applicable multispectral images. To deliver general data on the state of the plants being grown, the research involved designing and structuring relevant indicators that enabled the author to correlate the multispectral indices. In this context, the final sections of the thesis present the spectral maps acquired from the multispectral camera images and expose the analyses centered on the resulting index values, the aim being to help determine reliably the optimum harvest time in agricultural crops. The output of the project outlined within the thesis is then embodied in novel linear regression models that facilitate defining the optimum such a time. Importantly, by extension, the author also proposes a compact methodology that covers the individual phases and steps between the vegetation imaging the crops and finding the optimum harvest time.
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Aplikace Galileo High Accuray Service
Kazmierski, Kamil ; Hadas, Tomasz ; Kudłacik, Iwona ; Marut, Grzegorz ; Madraszek, Szymon
Since January 2023 the Galileo High Accuracy Service (HAS) is available to registered users. Within the HAS users can retrieve clock and orbit corrections, as well as code biases for Galileo and GPS constellations. Galileo HAS covers almost the entire globe and is the next system, after the Japanese CLAS (Japanese Centimeter Level Augmentation Service) and the Chinese PPP-B2b, that provides corrections via a satellite signal. These Galileo corrections are transmitted in the Galileo E6 signal but also via the Internet stream. The official HAS Service Definition Document indicates that the positioning accuracy is better than 25 cm and better than 30 cm for horizontal and vertical components, respectively. HAS corrections can be used in difference real-time applications without Internet connection. The presented work shows the use of Galileo HAS corrections in various geoscience applications such as positioning, timing, troposphere monitoring or coseismic vibrations detection. Additionally, the quality of the transmitted HAS correction is also verified using the SISRE parameter. The computations are carried out in the in-house developed GNSS-WARP software with the Internet HAS corrections saved in the ASCII files by the BKG Ntrip Client software. The Galileo HAS corrections quality using SISRE parameter equal to 8.6 cm and 13.0 cm for GPS and Galileo respectively. The experiment with Precise Point Positioning reveal sub-decimeter and centimeters accuracy in kinematic and static approach, respectively. In terms of timing precision Galileo HAS ensure precision of single nanosecond. Zenith Tropospheric Delay estimation with the use of evaluated corrections meet the requirement of troposphere monitoring and coseismic vibrations detection was also possible.
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Forest Detection in Image
Kyjovský, Marek ; Španěl, Michal (referee) ; Šilhavá, Jana (advisor)
This bachelor's thesis deals with studying methods and procedures, which are used to detect forests in aerial and satellite images. This thesis sums up and describes methods of digital image processing. Furthermore, the thesis is focused on an implementation of a demo application which uses these methods. It deals with the design of this application and describes its implementation. Finally the thesis evaluates success of output from this application.
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Normalization of hyperspectral image data
Grísa, Tomáš ; Druckmüller, Miloslav (referee) ; Martišek, Dalibor (advisor)
The airborne hyperspectral remote sensing is used as an approach to monitor and analyse actual state of environmental components. This thesis deals with hyperspectral image data, especially it is focused on normalization with respect to scanning angle. The thesis proposes specific algorithm, which is based on the statistical analysis of spectral lines across the scan line and on a physical models describing the process of spectral reflectance. An important part of this thesis is software implementation of proposed algorithm, that allows to calculate required normalization for real datasets.
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