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Synthesis of novel hetero-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides with potential biological activity or for modifications of DNA and RNA
Fleuti, Marianne Heidi ; Hocek, Michal (advisor) ; Míšek, Jiří (referee) ; Hlaváč, Jan (referee)
Doctoral Thesis Abstract Marianne Fleuti Synthesis of novel hetero-fused 7-deazapurine nucleosides and nucleotides with potential biological activity or for modifications of DNA and RNA In medicinal chemistry, 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides are important analogues to purine nucleosides and represent a privileged scaffold in the research for new treatments against cancer, leukemia, and diseases caused by viruses. This thesis discusses the synthesis of new heteroaryl-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides and reports on the biological activity of the target nucleosides against different cancer cell lines and viruses in vitro. In the first part of the thesis, the focus lies on the comparison of strategies for the synthesis of different methylpyrazolo-fused 7-deazapurine ribonucleosides. The tricyclic nucleobase was furnished by (i) a six-step classical heterocyclization approach starting from 5-chloro-1-methyl- 4-nitropyrazole, and by (ii) a three-step cross-coupling and cyclization approach starting from the zincated 4,6-dichloropyrimidine and 5-iodo-1-methylpyrazole. Both strategies resulted in comparable yields overall. Then, three different glycosylation methods were explored to give the β-anomeric nucleoside intermediate. Only the Vorbrüggen glycosylation yielded the intermediate as a pure β-anomer....
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Read simulator for bacterial RNA-Seq
Fialová, Adéla ; Jurečková, Kateřina (referee) ; Sedlář, Karel (advisor)
This thesis is dedicated to the analysis of the bacterial genome, measurement of its expression mainly by RNA-Seq technology and simulation of RNA-Seq data. The first part of the thesis provides a theoretical background on the structure of the bacterial genome, its expression and methods to study it, including modern sequencing techniques. Several selected simulators of RNA-Seq data are also mentioned. In the second part, the actual simulator implementation is presented, designed to take into account the characteristics of the bacterial genome, in particular the presence of operons.
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Web Application for Bioinformatics Education - Genetic Code
Kilián, Martin ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Burgetová, Ivana (advisor)
This thesis briefly describes basic informations in moleculary biology. Thesis deals with a transfer of information from DNA into RNA through uprotein, are also briefly described the methods and algorithms dealing with the detection of genome. The larger part deals with the recognition cue coded signals and determination of sequences and their subsequent transcription and translation, which demonstration program was needed to create. The final result is s web application as the education system.
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Identification of non-coding RNAs of Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598 using RNA-Seq data
Pomykalová, Barbora ; Sedlář, Karel (referee) ; Jurečková, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis contains short introduction into bacterial small non-coding RNA problematic. It is oriented on their features and functions in organisms, especially in bacteria Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598. Bachelor thesis also contains description of various laboratory methods for gene expression determination and suggests a detection method for small non-coding RNA in bacteria Clostridium beijerinckii NRRL B-598. Suggested method works with data, which were obtained by RNA-Seq technology. Within the framework of the bachelor thesis was suggested method implemented in programming and numeric computing platform MATLAB and its results were discussed.
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Techniques for Comparing Biological Sequences
Sladký, Roman ; Křivka, Zbyněk (referee) ; Burgetová, Ivana (advisor)
This work presents the building up of basic biological units DNA, RNA and proteins as well as their function. Provided data are kept in biological databases which are connected worldwide to supply preferable communication along with all kinds of available information to be used in the scientific research. The secret of alive is hidden in genes coded in sequences of nucleotides. Genes enable the creation of proteins which are made of sequences of amino-acids. The wide-spread methods of comparing these sequences are FASTA and BLAST algorithms. Their base is used for the PSProt program which is described in this work. PSProt program is the tool for comparing the sequences of proteins. First it is necessary to synthesise the protein from the DNA oligonucleotide because it codes the surveyed protein. The most similar proteins are searched out by heuristic of hitpoints, then their final score that is essential for aligning is modified by semiglobal alignment algorithm.
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Methods for prediction of RNA secondary structure
Polzerová, Nikola ; Musilová, Jana (referee) ; Jurečková, Kateřina (advisor)
This bachelor thesis discuss RNA secondary structure and it’s prediction in particular. It describes various secondary structure elements and presents some secondary structure prediction methods. Within the framework of bachelor thesis, three computational methods for secondary structure prediction were implemented in programming and numeric computing platform MATLAB. These methods are Nussinov algorithm, Zuker algorithm and Crumple method. Implemented algorithms approched the prediction in terms of base pair maximalization or free energy minimalization. Their function was verified on the created dataset and the results were compared with known secondary structures.
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Gene Searching - Web Application
Stiborová, Lucie ; Koutný, Jiří (referee) ; Burgetová, Ivana (advisor)
The aim of my Bachelor's Thesis is to create a user interface and to implement the web application with the genes' searching. This is the educational application when each user has a possibility of entering own nucleotide sequences or selecting a redefined chain. This application has to be able to read, process and decide on the existence of a potential gene. On the base of this simple statistic method the result is given back to the user.
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Tool for Visualization of Microbiome Data
Mišáková, Silvia ; Martínek, Tomáš (referee) ; Smatana, Stanislav (advisor)
Táto práca sa zameriava na vytvorenie nového nástroja pre vizualizáciu mikrobiomových dát. Vytvorený nástroj používa pre redukciu dimenzií analýzu hlavných komponent (PCA) a analýzu hlavných súradníc (PCoA). V prípade výpočtu dištančnej matice sú použité metriky Bray-Curtis odlišnosť a UniFrac. Spracované dáta sú následne ofarbené na základe užívateľom zvolených metadát. Výsledky sú prezentované pomocou dvoch typov grafov. Prvý z nich je stĺpcový a zobrazuje podiel každej hlavnej zložky. Druhý, bodový graf, vizualizuje konečný výsledok požadovanej analýzy. V rámci práce bola pridaná možnosť stiahnuť si vypočítanú maticu a taktiež tabuľku prvých N hlavných zložiek vypočítaných danou analýzou.
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Jumping Language Models
Ošmera, Lubomír ; Kocman, Radim (referee) ; Meduna, Alexandr (advisor)
The main goal of this master thesis is introduction and investigation of extended version of jumping automata and grammars. New versions are primarily focused on bioinformatic applications - DNA computing. This thesis examine their power and other properties of new models and makes comparison with existing computer science models. Then thesis demontrates practical applications, specifically amino acid and protein detections inside DNA sequence and makes comparision with existing tools in DNA computing for example Mark´s probabilistic models.
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Homology search using digital signal processing methods
Kamar, Yana ; Jugas, Robin (referee) ; Maděránková, Denisa (advisor)
Thesis includes the theoretical introduction to molecular biology and genetics on the necessary level, including a description of the structure of DNA and the homologous gene. Described are fixed and physic-chemical kinds of nucleotide mapping, methods for processing digital signals. Numerical representations of genes that were programmed in MATLAB: unwrapped and accumulated phases, density vectors. Using the unwrapped phase and density vectors with windows of different lengths was performed CDS searching in the entire genome by calculation metric distances (euclidean and canberian) and correlation. Also, using the metric distances, a homologous gene was found in more or less similar bacterial genomes. The result is the approximate threshold of distance (euclidean and canberian) using to find homologous genes in genome.
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