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Philosophical Work of Nikolai Lossky
Haicl, Matouš ; Nykl, Hanuš (advisor) ; Filová, Simona (referee)
This thesis presents the philosophical system of Nikolai Lossky. The thesis includes basic Lossky's biographical data and the philosophical system itself is interpreted from the point of view of three philosophical fields - gnoseology, metaphysics and ethics. Lossky was conceiving his system progressively with an emphasis on its inner interconnection. Firstly he formulated his study of intuition, by which he entered a dialogue with the European tradition because of his new concept of human cognition. Afterwards he postulated the dichotomy of two spheres of the world - the kingdom of God and the kingdom of dissension. A human being stands between these two worlds and theirs life mission is to find a way back to God. In the end there are presented some of the applications of Lossky's basic theses in a few shorter works and there is also a valuation of Lossky's contribution for today's philosophical tradition and possible perspectives of development of his thoughts.
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G. E. Moore: Criticism of the Metaphysical Ethics
Kolomý, Vojtěch ; Jirsa, Jakub (advisor) ; Palkoska, Jan (referee)
The aim of this bachelor thesis is to expose the criticism of the Metaphysical Ethics that G. E. Moore presents in Chapter IV of his Principia Ethica. The core of the criticism is the so called naturalistic fallacy and therefore it is necessary to first explain what is meant by this fallacy. In the first part of the thesis it is shown that the naturalistic fallacy lies in confusing the property that we call "good" with another property that accompanies it, but is not identical with it. In the second part it is analysed what Moore means by the Metaphysical Ethics, how they include the naturalistic fallacy, what reasons led the Metaphysical Ethics into this fallacy and, generally, what influence may Metaphysics have upon the Ethics.
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Suárez's Proof of the Existence of God
Pavlorek, David ; Novák, Lukáš (advisor) ; Němec, Václav (referee)
of the Paper The goal of submitted paper is to show Suárez's proof of the existence of God as the main task of his metaphysics and to show the influence of St. Thomas Aquinas and John Duns Scotus on his own system of metaphysics. As will be shown, the importance of this preeminent thinker of so called second scholasticism is in his synthesis of relatively incompatible doctrines of thomism and scotism. This paper will therefore deal with main problems of precedening tradition of Aristotelian metaphysics, especially with analogy of being as applied to God and creatures, then with theory of causality and other connected questions. Keywords Suárez - Thomas Aquinas - Duns Scotus - metaphysics - proof of existence of God
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Arts And Language In The Early Work Of Friedrich Nietzsche
Kvapil, Matouš ; Novák, Aleš (advisor) ; Chavalka, Jakub (referee)
KVAPIL, M.: Arts And Language In The Early Work Of Friedrich Nietzsche. (Master thesis) Charles University In Prague, Faculty Of Humanities, Department Of Europhilosophy. Supervisor: doc. Mgr. Aleš Novák, Ph.D. This work aims to examine the early philosophical and esthetical concept of Friedrich Nietzsche, which is elaborated in his first published work The Birth of Tragedy from the spirit of Music (Die Geburt der Tragödie aus dem Geiste der Musik, 1872). This concept, based on a mutual tension between the Apollonian and Dionysian, will be examined mostly from the perspective of a significant "struggle" of Dionysus and Socrates. Its manifestation is first apparent as a contradiction between theoretical and tragical world understanding or a contradiction between optimism of science and pessimism of arts. The work will mostly focus on the origin of the theoretical optimism, which is coming from the human "will to truth". Its archetype is represented in Nietzsche's early philosophy by Socrates. The problem, which comes to light with this struggle of Dionysus and Socrates, will necessarly lead the work to examine Nietzsche's critique of cognition led by the metaphysical understanding of the term "truth". The basis of this critique lies in the metaphorical character of language and human cognition in...
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Sameness and Otherness in the Neoplatonic Metaphysical Systems
Němec, Václav
The article is concerned with the adoption and transformation of Plato's doctrine of the genera of being by the Neoplatonic authors: Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus and Marius Victorinus. The inquiry is focused on the role of sameness and otherness in their metaphysical systems. It is argued that in the late antiquity existed a parallel tradition to the Neoplatonic mainstream. This parallel tradition departed from the main Neoplatonic line i. a. by its specific concept of otherness. This variant concept of otherness contributed to a deep transformation of the Neoplatonic metaphysical system which in this form could serve as a suitable model for the Christian doctrine of Trinity.
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