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Social communication in the house mouse (Mus musculus)
Černá, Zuzana ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Havlíček, Jan (referee)
Chemical communication is the most important way of communication in the house mouse. Traditionally, the urine of the house mouse was the most studied source of signals. Typical way of scent marking, relatively simple way of collection and analysis was the main reason. The analysis of physical interaction of two mouse conspecifics has shown that there are several other very important sources of chemical signals. My ethological analysis has revealed that during the first interaction of two individuals of opposite sex, the most investigated body part is the orofacial region, and that the oral contact with salivary exchange is very frequent. At the same time, the results of this research have demonstrated the significant influence of reproductive status on behavioural patterns in individuals of both sex. One of these important sources of chemical signals is the saliva. During the interaction between two individuals, saliva is actively investigated by sniffing and physically exchanged. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for chemical analysis of saliva. It has revealed that saliva is a sexually dimorphic signal, which may represent individual odour profiles. Uniqueness of this odour is not based on the presence of special substances typical just for one sex, unique is the blend,...
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Robertsonian translocations and their involvement into genome evolution
Mlnáříková, Barbora ; Forman, Martin (advisor) ; Sember, Alexandr (referee)
Chromosome aberrations play an important role in human pathologenesis as well as in evolution of many organisms. Robertsonian translocation or centric fusion are the most frequent chromosomal rearrangements in mammals. The most investigated model for their research is house mouse Mus musculus. The standard karyotype of a mouse consists from 40 acrocentric chromosomes, notably there are more than one hundred wild populations that are characterized by various combination of metacentrics, formed by centric fusion of different acrocentrics. Several models have been proposed for the formation of metacentrics, taking account of the sequential structure of their centromeres and short arms in mouse. Segregation distortion in favor of metacentrics is present in female and/or male meiosis, such as meiotic drive can positively affect the degree of fixation of metacentric chromosomes in certain population. Centric fusions have been also presented in evolution of other organisms. Cytogenetic data in spiders indicate the possibility of similar phenomena in the most diversified group of spiders, Entelegynae. Spiders are notable for their unusual sex chromosome systems. Centric fusions also play an important role in the evolution of sex chromosomes and the formation of neo-sex chromosome systems. So far, there is...
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Social communication in the house mouse (Mus musculus)
Černá, Zuzana ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Havlíček, Jan (referee)
Chemical communication is the most important way of communication in the house mouse. Traditionally, the urine of the house mouse was the most studied source of signals. Typical way of scent marking, relatively simple way of collection and analysis was the main reason. The analysis of physical interaction of two mouse conspecifics has shown that there are several other very important sources of chemical signals. My ethological analysis has revealed that during the first interaction of two individuals of opposite sex, the most investigated body part is the orofacial region, and that the oral contact with salivary exchange is very frequent. At the same time, the results of this research have demonstrated the significant influence of reproductive status on behavioural patterns in individuals of both sex. One of these important sources of chemical signals is the saliva. During the interaction between two individuals, saliva is actively investigated by sniffing and physically exchanged. Gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used for chemical analysis of saliva. It has revealed that saliva is a sexually dimorphic signal, which may represent individual odour profiles. Uniqueness of this odour is not based on the presence of special substances typical just for one sex, unique is the blend,...
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Bacterial populations in mucosal tissues of the house mouse
Ptáčníková, Aneta ; Stopka, Pavel (advisor) ; Hampl, Vladimír (referee)
Microbiota becomes one of the most important subjects in biological research and numerous studies revealed that microbiota plays a broad spectrum of essential roles in different organisms. This master thesis focuses on the bacterial part of microbiota contained in mucosal tissues of wild house mice (Mus musculus musculus). Male and female samples were collected by nasal and oral cavity lavages, vaginal mucosa lavages and from urine and stool. We aimed to detect quantitative, qualitative and sex-specific differences in bacterial populations between mucosal tissues with particular focus on bacterial cycling in vaginal mucosa during the estrous cycles. Bacterial abundances were estimated by qPCR whilst bacterial diversity was detected by targeted metagenomic sequencing of the hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene. Significant differences were detected in bacterial abundances and alpha diversity between particular mucosal tissues. Stool samples contained the highest number of bacteria, while samples from the nasal mucosa and urine contained low amount of bacteria. The highest alpha diversity was discovered in stool samples, the least alpha diversity was found in the urine. Mucosal tissues also varied based on the bacterial composition on the level of particular genera. Detailed analysis of estrous cycles...
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Subject Information Gateway Musica (MUS)
Labský, Jan ; Římanová, Radka (advisor) ; Jarolímková, Adéla (referee)
(česky) Cílem bakalářské práce je popis oborové brány Musica (MUS), která je zajišťována Národní Knihovnou České republiky. V teoretické části je definován termín oborová brána, popsána historie vzniku oborových bran v České republice a jejich navázání na Jednotnou informační bránu. Dále je popsán vznik samotné brány Musica. Zmíněny jsou též nejvýznamnější domácí i zahraniční informační prameny, ke kterým brána poskytuje jednotný přístup. V práci jsou popsány i poskytované služby související s portálem - oborové zpravodajství a česká redakce Mezinárodního soupisu hudebních pramenů RISM. Důraz je věnován i na použité technologie, na kterých MUS stojí. Těmi jsou federativní vyhledávač MetaLib a link server SFX, který zajišťuje doplňkové služby. V praktické části je popsáno samotné vyhledávání informací v oborové bráně Musica. Detailně jsou rozepsány možnosti dohledání informací, zdrojů a jejich členění do kategorií. Následuje případová studie, ve které se dvě respondentky (absolventka konzervatoře, učitelka hry na klavír), snaží vyhledat v oborové bráně informace. Jejich snažení je popsáno, analyzováno a na jeho základě jsou sepsána doporučení, jež by učinila vyhledávání v bráně přívětivějším pro nezkušené uživatele.
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