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Vliv konzumace stravy obohacené o pokrutiny z ostropestřce mariánského na hodnoty celkového bilirubinu, glukózy a triacylglycerolů
KOUBKOVÁ, Diana
The bachelor´s thesis on "The impact of consuming a diet enriched with milk thistle seeds on the levels of total bilirubin, glucose and triacylglycerols" focuses on the issue of liver diseases and possible subsequent treatment, with Silymarin primarily serving as a preventive measure against liver ailments. Nowadays, liver damage is becoming an increasingly common problem, potentially attributed to inappropriate dietary habits and an unhealthy lifestyle leading to a rising number of obese individuals. Excessive medication intake can also pose a risk. The effects of various hepatoprotective agents have been studied by scientists worldwide. The influence of Silymarin is relatively well-researched, with its hepatoprotective properties confirmed. The aim of this study was to determine whether this positive effect on the liver persists even when Silymarin seed powder is used in baking bread. In the research section of the Bachelor's thesis, blood samples from laboratory mice were obtained, and the serum was subjected to subsequent biochemical analysis. The data collected was processed into tables, calculating the average concentrations of total bilirubin, glucose, and triacylglycerols, along with standard deviations. Statistical evaluation was performed using ANOVA testing, determining the level of significance (p). It was found that paracetamol does not significantly alter the levels of total bilirubin and triacylglycerols, whereas a decrease in glucose levels was observed with paracetamol administration. When observing changes over the feeding period, total bilirubin remained largely unchanged, as did glucose levels. Triacylglycerol levels were higher in mice fed for 90 days compared to those fed for 14 days. The results of the Bachelor's thesis can serve as a source of data and be utilized for further research studies.
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Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard
Šulová, Veronika ; Červený, Lukáš (advisor) ; Vokřál, Ivan (referee)
Charles University Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology Student: Veronika Šulová Supervisor: doc. PharmDr. Lukáš Červený, Ph.D. External supervisor: pplk. doc. MUDr. Jaroslav Pejchal, Ph.D. et Ph.D. Title of diploma thesis: Changes of internal organs after percutaneous exposure to sulfur mustard Sulfur mustard is a chemical warfare agent belonging to the group of blistering agents. The theoretical section of the thesis is mainly focused on the description of acute toxic effects, the mechanism of action, and deals with the current possibilities of poisoning therapy. The experimental section is focused on monitoring the effect of sulfur mustard poisoning in the liver, lung, and kidney of female C57BL/6J mice after the percutaneous administration. This work aimed to evaluate markers of oxidative stress and histopathological changes of the selected organs at 3, 5, and 7 days after the poisoning. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) methods were used to determine markers of oxidative stress. Histopathological changes were evaluated microscopically using the hematoxylin-eosin staining method. The airness of the lung parenchyma was also assessed by computer image analysis. First, the LD50 of sulfur mustard was...
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Study of organs of mice in inhalation experiments
Vrlíková, Lucie ; Diviš, Pavel (referee) ; Dočekal, Bohumil (advisor)
The diploma thesis is devoted to study potential risks for living organisms resulting from inhalation of nanoparticles of chosen heavy metals. The main aim of this work is the investigation of organs from experimental white mice after their guided inhalation of lead nanoparticles. The samples of liver and lungs from these animals are taken in time periods during the inhalation experiments and processed by specific methods for their evaluation. After pressurized microwave assisted decomposition of selected samples of mice organs in high purity concentrated nitric acid the content of lead is determined by atomic absorption spectrometry with electrothermal atomization. Furthermore, the changes are monitored using the microscopy of histological slides stained with hematoxylin-eosin. The results of both approaches are evaluated and compared within the frame of this work.
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Influence of PbO and CdO nanoparticles on particular physiological functions in mouse.
Svozilová, Eva ; Vrlíková, Lucie (referee) ; Večeřa, Zbyněk (advisor)
The aim of this bachelor´s thesis is to assess the long-term effects of inhalation of nanoparticles of lead oxide and cadmium oxide on the weight of selected organs of experimental white mice. The selected organs (spleen, liver, kidney, lungs, brain) were successively collected during a period of thirteen weeks. The effect of inhalation of both metal oxides was statistically evaluated. In both study groups of the experiment (PbO and CdO), the relation between organs weight and the length of inhalation and the relation between organs weight and inhalation of differing metal concentrations were evaluated, and results both of the study groups were compared to each other.
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Deep-learning-based pattern detection in medical images
Koščová, Zuzana ; Vičar, Tomáš (referee) ; Jakubíček, Roman (advisor)
This Bachelor thesis deals with Deep-learning-based pattern detection in medical images. For better understanding of a subject artificial neural network and convolutional neural network (CNN) are described at first. Next chapter is focused on specific detection methods which use CNN. Within a bachelor thesis a dataset of abdominal CT a MRI scans was created. Faster R-CNN and YOLO algorithms were trained and tested on acquired scans for liver detection. Implementation of chosen methods took place in Python programming language using the Pytorch library. Finally, detection results and possible use in medicine are discussed.
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A Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment on a Patient After LiverTransplantation
Al Saseh, Saria ; Kučerová, Ilona (advisor) ; Vomáčková, Helena (referee)
Název: Případová studie fyzioterapeutické léčby pacienta po transplantaci jater Autor: Saria Al Saseh Cíl: Cílem této práce je podrobně zkoumat teoretické aspekty související s postupy transplantace jater a s nimi spojeným rehabilitačním procesem. Druhá část zahrnuje podrobnou analýzu případu, která popisuje fyzioterapii, která byla podána pacientovi v raném pooperačním období po transplantaci jater. Klinické zjištění: Případová studie je založena na 43letém pacientovi po transplantaci jater kvůli cirhóze způsobené Wilsonovou chorobou. Vyšetření ukázalo snížení nezávislosti, svalové síly, rozsahu pohybu, změn ve vzorci dýchání a měkkých tkání. Metody: Metoda použitá v této případové studii je založena na terapeutických technikách naučených na FTVS Univerzity Karlovy. Výsledky: Pacient během rehabilitačního procesu prokázal významné zlepšení. Tento pokrok umožnil pacientovi dosáhnout nezávislosti a zlepšit kvalitu života. Závěr: Použité terapie byly užitečné a úspěšné při řešení specifické diagnózy pacienta. Klíčová slova: Játra, transplantace, fyzioterapie, Wilsonova choroba
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The importance of liver consumption in human nutrition
Hájková, Rozálie ; Dostálová, Jana (advisor) ; Jůzl, Miroslav (referee)
The bachelor thesis addresses the importance of liver consumption in human nutrition. The theoretical part describes the nutritional composition, compares the differences between livers of various animal species, and presents possible forms of liver consumption with their nutritional benefits and potential health risks. A separate chapter is devoted to possible reasons for not consuming liver. In addition to some health contraindications, these include common myths related to liver and its excessive content of harmful substances such as heavy metals or antibiotic residues. The first objective of this thesis was to determine the availability of liver and liver-containing foods in the Albert hypermarket. Here, 29 different foods were found, of which only two were chilled liver. The rest consisted of liver dumplings and soups containing them, canned cod liver and frozen mixed offal. However, the most common food containing liver was pâté, with 17 different varieties. Hence, these products are the focus of the following objective: to compare the composition and nutritional values of liver-containing pâtés. Significant differences were found, particularly in the fat and protein content and, in terms of ingredients, in the percentage of liver, the addition of cheaper meat substitutes and the number of...
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Liver cells regeneration in mammals
Ťažký, Timotej ; Tlapáková, Tereza (advisor) ; Onhajzer, Jakub (referee)
Liver cell regeneration is an important biological process that allows mammals to maintain liver function while recovering from liver damage. Liver cell proliferation serves as the primary mode of liver regeneration, which in hepatocytes is activated by the transition from the G0 to G1 phase of the cell cycle. Proliferation is also promoted by non-parenchymal liver cells among which include Ito cells, Kupffer cells, and endothelial cells of hepatic sinusoids. In a comprehensive analysis of key signaling pathways, it was clearly demonstrated that the Wnt/β catenin, Notch, Hippo, NF-κB, and Hedgehog signaling pathways play a key role in the regulation of liver cell proliferation and differentiation during regeneration. The regenerative potential of the liver is influenced by various factors such as age, extent of damage and health conditions. Additionally, the remarkable regenerative capacity of the liver has clinical implications in the context of liver transplantation, partial hepatectomy and the treatment of liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatitis and hepatocellular or cholangiocellular carcinoma. Modulation of key signaling pathways and identification of novel molecular targets can improve the clinical outcomes of patients with liver diseases or even accelerate the entire process of liver...
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Circadian clock and detoxication processes in the liver
Ludvíková, Tereza ; Pačesová, Dominika (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The circadian system influences almost all physiological processes in the mammalian body. Among other things, detoxication processes in the liver are under circadian control. Both central and peripheral clock in the liver regulate the expression of genes involved in the detoxication of xenobiotic substances and drugs. The first part of this thesis summarizes the main characteristics of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, including their molecular basis. The second part focuses on the main functions of liver tissue with a focus on detoxification processes. The emphasis of the third section is on circadian rhythms in the expression and activity of enzymes called cytochromes P450, which are the most important system catalyzing phase I detoxication, and also briefly discusses the influence of the circadian system on the expression of nuclear receptors and PAR bZIP transcription factors involved in the regulation of cytochrome P450 transcription. The last section describes the influence of the circadian system on the efficacy and toxicity of selected drugs, on paracetamol metabolism with the main purpose of describing how paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity is affected by time of administration. Key words: circadian system, liver, detoxication, cytochrome, paracetamol
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Case Study of Physiotherapy Treatment of Patient after liver transplantation and colon resection
Pavlíček, Jan ; Vláčilová, Ivana (advisor) ; Nováková, Tereza (referee)
v Abstract Author: Jan Pavlíček Title: A case report of physiotherapeutic treatment provided to a patient following liver transplantation and colon resection Objectives: This bachelor thesis aimed to introduce theoretical information concerning issues with a liver transplant, and large intestine resection and elaborate on a case report of a patient that underwent the above-mentioned procedures. Methods: This bachelor's thesis is divided into two parts. The liver and large intestine's anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology are discussed in the first general section. Following chapters are devoted to the main treatment options for advanced liver diseases, i.e. liver transplantation, and indication and possibilities of colon resection. Physiotherapeutic approaches used in the mentioned procedures and further options of treatment for these patients are mentioned in the later chapters. The second specialized part describes a case report of a patient post-liver transplantation and large intestine resection. Included is a report of therapies that the patient underwent as part of ongoing professional practice in IKEM in January and the beginning of February 2023. Results: The patient was not showing any signs of improvement after the therapeutic interventions. This was due to many factors including the general...
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