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Solutions of the electronic leaflet for the pharmaceutical industry
Psota, Tomáš ; Odstrčilík, Jan (referee) ; Čmiel, Vratislav (advisor)
This bachelor thesis deals with the introduction of electronic package leaflet for drug boxes. The theoretical part deals with the process of registration and production of medicinal products and their modern labeling used for identification. The practical part deals with the issue of printing labels using a web application, so that printed labels comply with the regulations and directives that are given and have not been violated.
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Antimikrobiální rezistence a její šíření v potravinovém řetězci
Maršová, Nikol
The bachelor thesis deals with the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents and its subsequent spread in the food chain. It focuses mainly on the resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, in relation to the types of antibiotics according to their chemical structure and their mechanism of action. It describes the basic principles of agents used against viruses, yeasts, fungi and parasites. Characterises the nature of the emergence and mechanisms of resistance. It also discusses the methods used to determine the resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agents. Describes when resistance of microorganisms began to emerge historically and its occurrence in different sections of the food chain. In relation to the spread of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain, it describes the most serious zoonotic agents today.
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Treatment options for untreatable amoeba Naegleria fowleri
Veselý, Martin ; Mach, Jan (advisor) ; Arbon, Dominik (referee)
Naegleria fowleri is a free-living protist which can penetrate the body of a previously healthy person and cause meningoencephalitis. The rapid course, disproportionately strong immune response and the lack of effective drugs are the reasons why this disease almost always ends fatally. Due to the relative rarity of this disease, it is not lucrative for pharmaceutical companies to develop a completely new drug. The only way to search for effective drugs is to test those that have already been approved for another purpose. However, clinical tests are not possible due to the low morbidity and rapid course of the disease, and research in this area is thus limited to animal models of the disease and evaluation of the effect of drugs against the pathogen in vitro. Currently used medication includes drugs that are highly toxic or poorly penetrate the site of inflammation. In the future, more effective chemotherapy against N. fowleri and more gentle towards patient could be used. This work summarizes knowledge about pathogenic amoeba, currently used drugs and presents new experimentally tested therapeutics.
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The importance of first aid kits at home and in an automotive environment
KRATOCHVÍLOVÁ, Lenka
The topic of this bachelor thesis is dedicated to the importance of first aid kits at home and automobile environment. The home first aid kits and car first aid kids are very important when first aid is needed and the general public should know about its content and use. Theoretical part of this thesis is focused on specific situations when first aid is needed and the content of first aid kits at home and in cars. Three goals were set for a research purposes: 1. To conduct a survey of content of first aid kits at home and in automobile non-professional environment. 2. To find out knowledge of non-professionals about ways how to use content of first aid kits at home or in cars. 3. To map possible shortage of content of first aid kits at home or in cars. To fulfil these goals, answers to research questions in quantitative research process, questioning method and technique of half-structured interview, were used. The representative sample is formed from people with different education, gender and ethnic group. The research discovered lack of some content in first aid kits at home and in car and also in its usage. The research has found that general public is not informed enough about this topic. Based on this research an informational leaflet for general public has been made, which contains a list of basic content of first aid kits and important recommendation. Also a concept has been created for the use of tourniquet, which is a main problem for general public in area of use first aid kits.
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The analgosedation of a child patient in the pre-hospital care
DUCHOŇOVÁ, Hana
The topic of this bachelor thesis is "Analgesic sedation of a child patient in prehospital care". This work aims to map the awareness of paramedics from the South Bohemian region with the administration of analgesia to pediatric patients. In the theoretical part, the reader is acquainted with the characteristics of the age of the child and also with pharmacokinetic differences. Furthermore, the work describes the types of pain, which is followed by a chapter on pain assessment tools and then its therapy using a three-stage WHO analgesic ladder. The last and most extensive part describes in more detail the individual drugs, specifically their groups, method of administration, dosage, their use and comment. The practical part aims to find out whether paramedics in the South Bohemian region are aware of the administration of analgesia to pediatric patients. The research was carried out using a quantitative method, namely a questionnaire survey in the form of an electronic questionnaire, which contained 14 questions, where each question had only one correct answer. A total of 40 respondents working as paramedics in the South Bohemian Region took part in the survey. The research showed that the respondents in this area are sufficiently oriented, as the result was 90 % of correct answers. This fulfilled the hypothesis, where it was assumed that health professionals are oriented in this area to 80%. This fulfilled the hypothesis, where the correctness of the answers was assumed to be only 80 %.
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Medication Application As a Nursing Activity
BÍLEK, Tomáš
This bachelor thesis focuses on medication administration as a nursing activity and has two main objectives. The first one was to identify mistakes made by nurses when preparing medication or applying medicaments to patients. Another was the analysis of the views of general nurses on the appropriateness of the use of certain medical aids and equipment related to the preparation and administration of drugs and their actual use in their clinical practice when working with patients. This thesis outlines the basic theory of drugs, methods of preparation, various ways of administration to the patient and also possible mistakes that the general nurses may make when handling drugs. Furthermore, the thesis presents results of research conducted during clinical practice in the hospital, which focuses on the proper preparation and administration of drugs by general nurses. The research was based on the covert observation of 20 general nurses working in different hospital wards. It focused on compliance with selected hygiene and safety rules when handling drugs and the use of selected aids to prepare the application of drugs to patients. In addition, the answers from the questionnaire survey, which was attended by 62 general nurses from various medical facilities, but mainly from hospitals, are analysed here. Using statistical methods, hypotheses concerning the influence of age, gender, education and length of practice of general nurses on the use of selected nursing aids and compliance with selected rules were tested. In conclusion, the most important findings concerning the satisfaction of general nurses with the current system of preparation and application of drugs at their workplaces are given, as well as the findings concerning non-compliance with certain hygienic standards. Finally, recommendations are presented that the hospital should adopt in order to increase the awareness of general nurses about this problem and to arrange a remedy.
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Determinants of generic drug substitution in the Czech Republic
Žílová, Pavlína ; Votápková, Jana (advisor) ; Bryndová, Lucie (referee)
This study uses logistic regression to estimate the probability of choosing the brand-name drug despite the presence of cheaper generics given patient and drug characteristics in the Czech pharmaceutical market in the period 2009-2013. Results of the analysis may help guide policies to decrease pharmaceutical costs. In order to motivate people who are more likely to choose the original version of drug, policy makers may impose higher copayments and lower subsidies on the original drugs which they use. Additionally, two supplementary analyses were applied to sub-sectors of the pharmaceutical market: antihypertensive drugs and antibiotics. Fixed effects logistic regression is employed to test the robustness of the results.
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Misuse of Drugs and Addictive Substances in the Old age
Bártová, Alžběta ; Ondrušová, Jiřina (advisor) ; Nová, Monika (referee)
Anotation The aim of this thesis is to draw attention to the issue of medical drug and addictive substance abuse in the old age. It describes the bio-psycho-socio-spiritual changes and needs of the elderly which are often connected with the start of harmful use of medical drugs. It lists the substances which are most commonly abused in the old age and it demonstrates the theory by means of concrete casuistries. Overuse of and addiction to addictive substances is not investigated enough by either addictology, geriatrics or social work. The aim of this thesis is to discuss the whole problem area from the point of view of social work, which should be paying more attention to it.
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The budget impact and cost-effectiveness thresholds in the context of other criteria in reimbursement decision making of medicinal products
Duong, Thuy Linh ; Klimeš, Jiří (advisor) ; Kostřiba, Jan (referee)
Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové Social and Clinical Pharmacy Author: Duong Thuy Linh Supervisor: PharmDr. Jiří Klimeš, PhD., MBA Title of Thesis: The budget impact and cost-effectiveness thresholds in the context of other criteria in reimbursement decision making of medicinal products KEY WORDS: cost-effectiveness analysis, Willingness to pay threshold, medicines, MCDA - multi- criteria decision analysis OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to provide a structured overview of selected criteria that are / may be key to adopt new innovative technology in the reimbursement system, based on a retrospective analysis of selected decisions of the State Institute for Drug Control. It was investigated the relationship between the individual criteria (and scoring results) coming from the multi-criteria analysis and the value of ICER and BIA, for these medicinal products entering the reimbursed system. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of selected legally closed, published and publicly available administrative proceedings of the State Institute for Drug Control in the period January 2020 - May 2021. A total of 20 administrative proceedings were selected for the final analysis, of which 12 medicinal products that were selected, entered the permanent reimbursement and the...
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