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What can literature do? An analysis of the power of literature and literary language
Cheng, Chau Fung ; Maesschalck, Marc (advisor) ; Goddard, Jean-Christophe (referee) ; Lisse, Michel (referee)
This thesis aims to unpack the power and potential of literature, examining a historic 1964 debate between prominent figures in literature and philosophy (Simone de Beauvoir, Jean-Paul Sartre, Jorge Semprun, Jean Ricardou, Jean-Pierre Faye, and Yves Berger). The study subsequently explores the pivotal distinction between ordinary and literary language, engaging with the perspectives of Maurice Blanchot and Merleau-Ponty to reveal the inherently dynamic nature of language and the power of literary language in revealing truth. The final stage of the study applies these insights to the pressing issue of hermeneutical injustice, proposing that literature can serve as a remedy for this form of injustice. Ultimately, this study contends that literature is not an insignificant player but possesses considerable potential to address and resolve societal issues. Keywords: literature; power of literature; 1964 debate; literary language; ordinary language; hermeneutical injustice; Simone de Beauvoir; Jean-Paul Sartre; Jean Ricardou; Maurice Blanchot; Maurice Merleau-Ponty
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Jean-Paul Sartre´s plays in Czech translations and on Czech theatre stages
ROUČKOVÁ, Tereza
Bachelor thesis is focused on the dramatic work of the French existentialist philosopher and writer Jean-Paul Sartre. The work examines and maps the period responses to Sartre's plays in our country from the end of the 1950s to the present. It also deals with their connection with the book publication of their translations and their stage presentation. It also outlines the cultural and political environment of the period and the importance of literary translation in the receiving culture. The main objective of the work is to summarize the critical responses of Sartre's dramatic work in our country from the first introduction to the Czech scene to the present.
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Metafictional novels of the 30s and 40s in the Czech literature
SELNER, Ondřej
This doctoral thesis focuses on literary texts containing speech acts that are in literary history and theory usually known as self-reflexive. In the first part author attempts to find inspirations for self-reflexivity in a broader historical and cultural European context as well as its potential connections to modernism. Then it tries to find relations between these modernist tendencies and Czech literary production of the day. It also deals with different views of self-reflexivity in the Czech literary theory. After dealing with these perspectives and after analysis of their potential drawbacks, thesis then moves to an attempt to find a precise meaning of self-reflexivity with respect to the term itself. On that account it analyses reflexive philosophy of major philosophers of the 1st half of the 20th century - Edmund Husserl, Jean-Paul Sartre, Martin Heidegger and Maurice Merleau-Ponty. The analysis of relevant works of these philosophers dealing with reflexivity leads to the formulation of a thought-map that embodies evident parallels between self-reflexivity in literature and reflexivity in philosophy. In order to verify these parallels, thesis then focuses on interpretation of major texts of Czech literature that are usually considered to be prototypes of self-reflexive novels. These are works Hra doopravdy by Richard Weiner, Rozhraní by Václav Řezáč and Hlava umělce by Milada Součková.
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The Esthetics of the Scream in Albert Camus Opus
Černá, Kristýna ; Ébert-Zeminová, Catherine (advisor) ; Fučíková, Milena (referee)
The main topic of this diploma thesis resides in the comparison of the expressionist painting and the existential literature in connection with the motif of screaming. Despite the temporal and geographical distance of the two artistic movements (we are focused more profoundly in the German and Austrian expressionist painting, while the main literary work of this thesis, the existential novel The Fall comes from the great mind of a French writer, Albert Camus), the research aspires to prove the interconnection of the two movements and their common tendencies, based on the analyses of chosen themes, motifs, technics, and structure. We propose the motif of screaming as the main part of the comparison, as it constitutes an essential axis of the occidental art, as well as the crucial contact point between Expressionism and Existentialism. In spite of the bountifulness of the various interpretations this motif offers, we have chosen only selected ideas and concepts. As far as the formal structure is concerned, the work is divided into three chapters, where the first two are focused on the origins, a brief characterization of the main point of the two esthetics. Furthermore, they describe their related counterparts of the visual arts and literature (the Expressionist literature and Existential painting...
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Freedom and autonomy in work of Jean-Paul Sartre
Polánka, David ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Drozenová, Wendy (referee)
Master essay "Freedom and autonomy in work of Jean-Paul Sartre" engages Sartre's literature and drama. It is trying to find some elements of the author's philosophy, which are included in his stories. Because of that, I indicated some significant thematic spheres based on author s phil- osophical works - Freedom and responsibility of human; Feeling of anxiety and subsequent insincerity; Freedom in interpersonal relationships. Significantly I observed the presence of mentioned themes during detailed analysis of Sartre's fictions and dramas. I managed to prove that Sartre's literature and dramas don't just include mentioned thematic elements, but it is even adapted to display these philosophical themes in the stories, novels or dramas. It confirms the thesis that Sartre was creating his literature and dramas to spread his own philosophical ideas to whole society. Personally, I evaluate this as the big contribution of the author.
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Death and finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre
Chvojková, Kristýna ; Němec, Václav (advisor) ; Kouba, Pavel (referee)
The bachelor's thesis "Death and Finitude: Jaspers vs. Sartre" compares the accounts of human death and, above all, mortality in the work of J.-P. Sartre and K. Jaspers. Although both authors are often seen as existentialist philosophers, their attitudes toward death are very different. According to Sartre, man cannot relate to their own death because death does not belong in any way into the structure of being-for- itself, which means that it cannot have any sense for them. On the contrary, according to Jaspers, a human being can relate to their death through anxiety in boundary situations. Their facing the situation without trying to cloud their mortality results into their capability to differentiate between the things that are not valuable with regard to temporal finitude of human life, and existential moments above time that have a value that does not disappear with death. As a result of becoming conscious of their mortality, man actualizes their existence, becoming thus more "themselves". Contrarily, Sartre's account leads to the conclusion that man cannot be aware of their mortality - nevertheless, they are afraid of being deprived of their freedom after their death by the others. Unlike Sartre, Jaspers sees the self as a multidimensional entity, which makes it possible to say that death has a...
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Comparison of philosophic and ethic motives in the literary work of A.Camus and J.P.Sartre
Bečvářová, Lenka ; Blažková, Miloslava (advisor) ; Prázný, Aleš (referee)
RESUME My diploma thesis is focused on the comparison of opinions of Jean-Paul Sartre and Albert Camus concerning existential and philosophical motifs in their literary work. I tried to compare the occurrence of individual existential categories, based on selected philosophical and literary works of both authors, who rank among the French branch of atheist existentialism. The first chapter deals with basic characteristics of existential philosophy and its changes between the two wars; and the consequential spreading of this philosophy thinking in the post-war Europe, in which it achieved a great success in a few branches. Majority of this chapter is devoted to French existentialism, whose goal was to explore and describe concrete existence, while human being (existence) is identified as freedom there. It was due to Jean- Paul Sartre that French existentialism has become the most significant way of thinking. The two following chapters briefly describe the lives of Sartre and Camus; because the lives of authors who write philosophical and literary works are always interconnected with their work. The second and third chapter contain the analysis of selected works of both authors, while I didn't forget the dramatic work which is a part of philosophical ad literary work and by means of that I presented mainly...
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Problem of Freedom in History of Thought and his moderm Existential Conceptin Writer's (F. M. Dostojevskij), Philosopner's (J. P. Sartre) and Theologianš (P. Tillich) Point of View
Moskalová, Jana ; Kučera, Zdeněk (advisor) ; Dolista, Josef (referee) ; Svatoň, Vladimír (referee)
Since time immemorial, humankind has been concerned with freedom. This thesis introduces the most important thinkers who devoted themselves to studying freedom and who greatly influenced the perception of freedom. The thesis includes historical overview focusing on the problem of freedom mainly from theological and philosophical point of view. However, two authors in the field of psychology and sociology are mentioned as well. In existentialist philosophy, the human freedom is one of the most crucial topics, and it is presented here on the work of the writer Fyodor Mikhaylovich Dostoyevsky, the philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre and the theologist Paul Tillich.
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Speech Acts in the Play Owners of the Keys by Milan Kundera
SVOBODA, Marek
This thesis deals with the theory of speech acts which is based mainly on analysis of speech and its function in communication. We use speech not only to convey something but to also do something, to change the state of things around us and to accomplish specific goals. Speech acts in a literary piece are then analyzed on theoretical basis, specifically in Milan Kundera's dramatic play Majitelé klíčů.
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